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ERİL BEDENSELLEŞME: HEGEMONİK ERKEK BEDENİNİN İNŞASI

Year 2012, Issue: 13, 39 - 53, 01.05.2012

Abstract

Sosyal bilimler içinde beden, sosyal etkileşim sürecinin önemli görünümlerinden biri olarak dikkate alınır. Irk, sınıf, etnisite ve cinsiyet gibi sosyal değişkenlere bağlı bir biçimde incelenen beden, sembolik değerin taşıyıcısı haline gelmektedir. Bedensel temsil ve performansın sembolleştirilerek, kimlikler arasında belirli hiyerarşik ayrımların inşa edilmesine yönelik gerçekleştirilen en önemli sınıflandırma pratiği, toplumsal cinsiyetin sembolik düzenidir. Söz konusu yapılanma içinde cinsiyet gruplarına ilişkin bedensel kodlar ve farklılıklar, toplumsal cinsiyet düzeninin hiyerarşik bir biçimde düzenlenmesinde belirleyici bir rol oynar. Son 20 yıldır medya ve popüler kültür içinde erkek bedenlerinin sunumunda önemli ölçüde artış meydana gelmiştir. Eril bedenin bu yeni temsili, kadın bedeninde her zaman olduğu gibi, erkek bedenini de idealleştirilmiş ve metalaştırılmış bir biçimde betimlemektedir. Eril bedenselleşmenin bu yeni formu, yalnızca kadın ve erkek arasındaki değil, aynı zamanda erkekler arasındaki hiyerarşik yapıyı da yeniden inşa etmektedir.

References

  • BARBER, Kristen, “The Well-Coiffed Man: Class, Race, and Heterosexual Masculinity in the Hair Salon”, Gender & Society, 22(4), 2008, 455-476.
  • BOURDIEU, Pierre, Masculine Domination, (çev. Richard Nice), Stanford University Press, California, 2001.
  • BUTLER, Judith, “Sexual Inversion”, içinde Feminist Interpretations of Michel Foucault, der. Susan J. Hekman, University Park Press, Pennsylvania, 1996.
  • CONNELL, R. W., Masculinities, University of California Press, California, 2005. ERDOĞAN, İrfan, “Erkek Dergilerinde (Men’s Health, FHM, Esquire Türkiye Örneğinde) Hegemonik Erkek(lik), Beden Politikaları ve Yeni Erkek İmajı”, içinde Medyada Hegemonik Erkek(lik) ve Temsil, der. İrfan Erdoğan, Kalkedon Yayınları, İstanbul, 2011.
  • FOUCAULT, Michel, Cinselliğin Tarihi, (çev. Hülya Uğur Tanrıöver), Ayrıntı Yayınları, İstanbul, 2010
  • FOUCAULT, Michel, Özne ve İktidar, (çev. Işık Ergüden, Osman Akınhay), Ayrıntı Yayınları, İstanbul, 2000.
  • GIDDENS, Anthony, Modernity and Self-Identity, Stanford University Press, California, 1991.
  • GILL, Rosalind, HENWOOD, Karen, MCLEAN, Carl, “Body Projects and the Regulation of Normative Masculinity”, Body & Society, 11(1), 2005, 37-62.
  • GOLDENBERG, Mirian, “The Body as Capital: Understanding Brazilian Culture”, Vibrant, 7(1), 2010, 220-238.
  • GROGAN, Sarah, Body Image: Understanding Body Dissatisfaction in Men, Women and Children, Routledge, New York, 2008.
  • HEARN, Jeff, “From Hegemonic Masculinity to the Hegemony of Men”, Feminist Theory, 5(1), 2004, 49-72.
  • IŞIK, Emre, Beden ve Toplum Kuramı: Öznenin Sosyolojisinden Bedenin Sosyolojisine, Bağlam Yayınları, İstanbul, 1998.
  • KEHILY, Mary, “Bodies in School: Young Men, Embodiment, and Heterosexual Masculinities”, Men and Masculinities, 4(2), 2001, 173-185.
  • KRAIS, Beate, “Gender, Sociological Theory and Bourdieu’s Sociology of Practice”, Theory, Culture & Society, 23(6), 2006, 119-134.
  • KULA, Nesrin, “Erkek Dergilerindeki Reklam Fotoğraflarında (Yeniden) Üretilen Metroseksüel Kimlik”, içinde Erkek Kimliğinin Değişe(meye)n Halleri, der. Huriye Kuruoğlu, Beta Yayıncılık, İstanbul, 2009.
  • MCCALLUM, E. L., “Technologies of Truth and The Function of Gender in Foucault”, içinde Feminist Interpretations of Michel Foucault, der. Susan J. Hekman, University Park Press, Pennsylvania, 1996.
  • MONAGHAN, Lee F., “Big Handsome Men, Bears and Others: Virtual Constructions of ‘Fat Male Embodiment’, Body & Society, 11(2), 2005, 81-111.
  • MONAGHAN, Lee F., Bodybuilding, Drugs and Risk, London: Routledge, London, 2001.
  • PETERSEN, Alan, Unmasking the Masculine: ‘Men’ and ‘Identity’ in a Sceptical Age, Sage Publications, London, 1998.
  • ROBERTSON, Steve, Understanding Men and Health: Masculinities, Identity and Well-being, Open University Press, New York, 2007.
  • ROBINSON, Victoria, HOCKEY, Jenny, Masculinities in Transition, Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2011.
  • SEIDLER, Victor, Unreasonable Men: Masculinity and Social Theory, Routledge, London, 1994.
  • SHILLING, Chris, The Body and Social Theory, Sage Publications, London, 1993. TURNER, Bryan S., Regulating Bodies: Essays in Medical Sociology, Routledge, London, 1992.
  • WEARING, Betsy, Gender: The Pain and Pleasures of Difference, Longman, Melbourne, 1996.
  • WELLARD, Ian, Sport, Masculinities and the Body, Routledge, New York, 2009.

Male Embodiment: The Construction of the Hegemonic Male Body

Year 2012, Issue: 13, 39 - 53, 01.05.2012

Abstract

In the social sciences the body is regarded as one of the most important aspects of the process of social interaction. The body which is investigated in line with the social variables like race, class, ethnicity and gender, becomes the bearer of the symbolic value. The most important practice of classifying in which the representation of the body and bodily performances were symbolized is the symbolic order of gender. Bodily codes and the differences between the groups of gender in such a setting play a determinative role in hierarchising the gender order. Over the last 20 years, there has been a dramatic rise in the visibility of the male body in the media and popular culture. The new kind of representation of male body depicts the male bodies in idealized and commoditized ways as well as the body of women as usual. The new form of male embodiment plays an important role in reconstructing the hierarchical structure between not only men and women, but also among men.

References

  • BARBER, Kristen, “The Well-Coiffed Man: Class, Race, and Heterosexual Masculinity in the Hair Salon”, Gender & Society, 22(4), 2008, 455-476.
  • BOURDIEU, Pierre, Masculine Domination, (çev. Richard Nice), Stanford University Press, California, 2001.
  • BUTLER, Judith, “Sexual Inversion”, içinde Feminist Interpretations of Michel Foucault, der. Susan J. Hekman, University Park Press, Pennsylvania, 1996.
  • CONNELL, R. W., Masculinities, University of California Press, California, 2005. ERDOĞAN, İrfan, “Erkek Dergilerinde (Men’s Health, FHM, Esquire Türkiye Örneğinde) Hegemonik Erkek(lik), Beden Politikaları ve Yeni Erkek İmajı”, içinde Medyada Hegemonik Erkek(lik) ve Temsil, der. İrfan Erdoğan, Kalkedon Yayınları, İstanbul, 2011.
  • FOUCAULT, Michel, Cinselliğin Tarihi, (çev. Hülya Uğur Tanrıöver), Ayrıntı Yayınları, İstanbul, 2010
  • FOUCAULT, Michel, Özne ve İktidar, (çev. Işık Ergüden, Osman Akınhay), Ayrıntı Yayınları, İstanbul, 2000.
  • GIDDENS, Anthony, Modernity and Self-Identity, Stanford University Press, California, 1991.
  • GILL, Rosalind, HENWOOD, Karen, MCLEAN, Carl, “Body Projects and the Regulation of Normative Masculinity”, Body & Society, 11(1), 2005, 37-62.
  • GOLDENBERG, Mirian, “The Body as Capital: Understanding Brazilian Culture”, Vibrant, 7(1), 2010, 220-238.
  • GROGAN, Sarah, Body Image: Understanding Body Dissatisfaction in Men, Women and Children, Routledge, New York, 2008.
  • HEARN, Jeff, “From Hegemonic Masculinity to the Hegemony of Men”, Feminist Theory, 5(1), 2004, 49-72.
  • IŞIK, Emre, Beden ve Toplum Kuramı: Öznenin Sosyolojisinden Bedenin Sosyolojisine, Bağlam Yayınları, İstanbul, 1998.
  • KEHILY, Mary, “Bodies in School: Young Men, Embodiment, and Heterosexual Masculinities”, Men and Masculinities, 4(2), 2001, 173-185.
  • KRAIS, Beate, “Gender, Sociological Theory and Bourdieu’s Sociology of Practice”, Theory, Culture & Society, 23(6), 2006, 119-134.
  • KULA, Nesrin, “Erkek Dergilerindeki Reklam Fotoğraflarında (Yeniden) Üretilen Metroseksüel Kimlik”, içinde Erkek Kimliğinin Değişe(meye)n Halleri, der. Huriye Kuruoğlu, Beta Yayıncılık, İstanbul, 2009.
  • MCCALLUM, E. L., “Technologies of Truth and The Function of Gender in Foucault”, içinde Feminist Interpretations of Michel Foucault, der. Susan J. Hekman, University Park Press, Pennsylvania, 1996.
  • MONAGHAN, Lee F., “Big Handsome Men, Bears and Others: Virtual Constructions of ‘Fat Male Embodiment’, Body & Society, 11(2), 2005, 81-111.
  • MONAGHAN, Lee F., Bodybuilding, Drugs and Risk, London: Routledge, London, 2001.
  • PETERSEN, Alan, Unmasking the Masculine: ‘Men’ and ‘Identity’ in a Sceptical Age, Sage Publications, London, 1998.
  • ROBERTSON, Steve, Understanding Men and Health: Masculinities, Identity and Well-being, Open University Press, New York, 2007.
  • ROBINSON, Victoria, HOCKEY, Jenny, Masculinities in Transition, Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2011.
  • SEIDLER, Victor, Unreasonable Men: Masculinity and Social Theory, Routledge, London, 1994.
  • SHILLING, Chris, The Body and Social Theory, Sage Publications, London, 1993. TURNER, Bryan S., Regulating Bodies: Essays in Medical Sociology, Routledge, London, 1992.
  • WEARING, Betsy, Gender: The Pain and Pleasures of Difference, Longman, Melbourne, 1996.
  • WELLARD, Ian, Sport, Masculinities and the Body, Routledge, New York, 2009.
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Philosophy
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Akif Öztürk 0000-0003-1954-9354

Publication Date May 1, 2012
Submission Date January 15, 2012
Acceptance Date April 15, 2012
Published in Issue Year 2012 Issue: 13

Cite

Chicago Öztürk, Akif. “ERİL BEDENSELLEŞME: HEGEMONİK ERKEK BEDENİNİN İNŞASI”. FLSF Felsefe Ve Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, no. 13 (May 2012): 39-53.

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