BibTex RIS Cite

MORALITY IN MACHIAVELLI, HOBBES AND LOCKE: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

Year 2013, Issue: 15, 25 - 40, 01.05.2013

Abstract

This study moves from the contention that morality is a political concept par excellence. In other words, this study is built on the presumption that social and political analysis of what is goes hand in hand with a concern with what ought to be, and that when at stake are the matters of socio-political life, the two are interwoven. This conviction to the importance of morality for political analysis, in turn, fuels the curiosity about the different ways in which this tense relationship has been handled by the important figures of political thought. It is out of this curiosity that this article focuses on the views of Niccolo Machiavelli, Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, who are usually listed in chronological order as the founders of modern political thought, on the question of morality or more specifically on the relationship between politics and morality. The comparative analysis in this study shows that these three important figures do not have much in common in terms of their conception of morality, that is, in terms of the ways they chose to deal with this question and in terms of their particular propositions as to what is or is not to be accepted as moral. However, one thing is common: the issue of morality is at the very center of their theoretical frameworks interconnected with their arguments regarding other crucial concepts of their analyses, like for instance, human nature, state, individual/community relationship, authority, and power

References

  • Adler Mortimer J. and Peter Wolff, The Development of Political Theory and Government. Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc., 1959.
  • Althusser, Louis. Machiavelli and Us, F. Matheron (ed.) London, New York: Verso, 1999.
  • Dunn J. The Political Thought of John Locke (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1969).
  • Fuller, G., Stecker, R., and Wright J.P. John Locke An Essay Concerning Human Understanding in Focus. London, NY: Routledge, 2000.
  • Hobbes, Thomas Leviathan, Extracts in J.Losco and L.Williams (eds.) Political Theory: Classic Writings, Contemporary Views. NewYork: St. Martin's Press, 1992.
  • Jenkins, J. Understanding Locke An Introduction to Philosophy Through John Locke’s Essay ( Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1983).
  • Little, Adrian, John Gingell and Christopher Winch. Modern Political Thought: A Reader. London, New York: Routledge, 2000.
  • Lubienski, Z. “Hobbes’ Philosophy and Its Historical Background” in Preston King (ed.) Thomas Hobbes: Critical Assessments Vol.1 Background: Texts and Contexts. London and New York: Routledge, 1993.
  • Machiavelli, Niccolo. Discourses, http://www.constitution.org/mac/disclivy.pdf (Accessed 23.04.2013)
  • Machiavelli, Niccolo Prince, Chp. XV in J. Losco and L. Williams (eds.), Political Theory Classical Writings Contemporary Views. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1992.
  • Meinecke, Friedrick. “Machiavelli” in F. Meinecke, Machiavellism, trans. D. Scott. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1957.
  • Passmore, J.A. “The Moral Philosophy of Hobbes” in Preston King (ed.) Thomas Hobbes: Critical Assessments Vol.2 Ethics. London and New York: Routledge, 1993.
  • Plamenatz John. Man and Society: Political and Social Theories From Machiavelli to Marx, revised by M.E. Plamenatz and R.Wokler. London and New York: Addison Wesley Longman, 1992.
  • Simmons J.A. The Lockean Theory of Rights. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992.
  • Wood, Neal. “Machiavelli’s Concept of Virtu Reconsidered”, Political Studies, 15 (2): 159-172.

Machiavelli, Hobbes ve Locke’ta Ahlak: Karşılaştırmalı Bir İnceleme

Year 2013, Issue: 15, 25 - 40, 01.05.2013

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın çıkış noktasını ahlak kavramının politik bir kavram olduğu önermesi oluşturmaktadır. Diğer bir ifadeyle, toplumsal ve siyasal yaşama dair meseleler söz konusu olduğunda “nedir” sorusuna verilen yanıtlarla “nasıl olmalıdır” sorusuna verilen yanıtlar iç içe geçmiş durumdadır. Toplumsal ve siyasal olaylar karşısında bu soru üzerine inşa edilen bir ilgi/merak/dikkat/kaygı asla küçümsenesi bir şey olmamakla birlikte, “ne olmalı/nasıl olmalı” sorusunun önemsiz/değersiz/anlamsız bir soru olduğu sonucuna yol açmamalıdır. Klasik siyasal düşüncenin en önemli ve etkili isimlerinden olan, hatta çoğu zaman modern siyasi düşüncenin kurucuları olarak sırayla isimleri zikredilen, Niccolo Machiavelli, Thomas Hobbes ve John Locke’un eserleri incelendiğinde de ahlak konusunun son derece merkezi bir konumda olduğu görülmektedir. Bu konumun ortaya konulması bu makalenin ilk amacı olarak sayılabilir. Bu üç politik düşünürün ahlaki soruları ele alış biçimleri ve/ya da “ne olmalı” sorusuna verdikleri yanıtlar bakımından farklılıkları, benzerliklerinden daha fazla olduğu öne sürülebilir. Ancak, hepsinin ortak noktası, ahlak konusuna yaklaşımlarının, üzerine yazdıkları diğer siyasi kavramları devlet, birey, otorite, insan doğası, iktidar gibi nasıl düşündükleriyle doğrudan ilintili olmasıdır. Ahlak konusunun siyasal düşüncenin en önemli isimleri açısından önemini ortaya koymanın yanı sıra, bu makale bu üç düşünürün konuya yaklaşımlarını karşılaştırmalı bir bakış açısıyla ele almaktadır

References

  • Adler Mortimer J. and Peter Wolff, The Development of Political Theory and Government. Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc., 1959.
  • Althusser, Louis. Machiavelli and Us, F. Matheron (ed.) London, New York: Verso, 1999.
  • Dunn J. The Political Thought of John Locke (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1969).
  • Fuller, G., Stecker, R., and Wright J.P. John Locke An Essay Concerning Human Understanding in Focus. London, NY: Routledge, 2000.
  • Hobbes, Thomas Leviathan, Extracts in J.Losco and L.Williams (eds.) Political Theory: Classic Writings, Contemporary Views. NewYork: St. Martin's Press, 1992.
  • Jenkins, J. Understanding Locke An Introduction to Philosophy Through John Locke’s Essay ( Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1983).
  • Little, Adrian, John Gingell and Christopher Winch. Modern Political Thought: A Reader. London, New York: Routledge, 2000.
  • Lubienski, Z. “Hobbes’ Philosophy and Its Historical Background” in Preston King (ed.) Thomas Hobbes: Critical Assessments Vol.1 Background: Texts and Contexts. London and New York: Routledge, 1993.
  • Machiavelli, Niccolo. Discourses, http://www.constitution.org/mac/disclivy.pdf (Accessed 23.04.2013)
  • Machiavelli, Niccolo Prince, Chp. XV in J. Losco and L. Williams (eds.), Political Theory Classical Writings Contemporary Views. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1992.
  • Meinecke, Friedrick. “Machiavelli” in F. Meinecke, Machiavellism, trans. D. Scott. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1957.
  • Passmore, J.A. “The Moral Philosophy of Hobbes” in Preston King (ed.) Thomas Hobbes: Critical Assessments Vol.2 Ethics. London and New York: Routledge, 1993.
  • Plamenatz John. Man and Society: Political and Social Theories From Machiavelli to Marx, revised by M.E. Plamenatz and R.Wokler. London and New York: Addison Wesley Longman, 1992.
  • Simmons J.A. The Lockean Theory of Rights. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992.
  • Wood, Neal. “Machiavelli’s Concept of Virtu Reconsidered”, Political Studies, 15 (2): 159-172.
There are 15 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Funda Gençoğlu Onbaşı This is me

Publication Date May 1, 2013
Published in Issue Year 2013 Issue: 15

Cite

Chicago Onbaşı, Funda Gençoğlu. “MORALITY IN MACHIAVELLI, HOBBES AND LOCKE: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS”. FLSF Felsefe Ve Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, no. 15 (May 2013): 25-40.

Starting from 2024, our journal will be published in 3 issues as two regular and one special issues. These issues will be published In May (regular issue), September (special issue) and December (regular issue).

Acceptance of articles for our special issue and our regular issue in December will begin on March 15.

Only articles within the scope of the file will be included in our special issue. 

Thank you for your attention.