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ARİSTOTELES’İN DÖRT NEDEN KURAMININ GÜNÜMÜZ BİYOLOJİSİ AÇISINDAN ÖNEMİ

Year 2013, Issue: 16, 221 - 230, 01.12.2013

Abstract

Felsefe tarihinin hiç şüphesiz en önemli filozoflarından biri olan Aristoteles (M.Ö. 384-322), aynı zamanda bilim tarihinin de en önemli kişilerindendir. Yaşadığı dönemde henüz bilim ve felsefe ayrılmamıştır; bununla birlikte Aristoteles, bilimsel ve sistemli düşünmenin, örnekleme yapmanın, bilim insanının doğaya öğrenmek için yaklaşmasının ilkelerini, ilk kez bu derece düzenli şekilde ortaya koyan kişi olmuştur. Dört neden kuramı söz konusu ilkelerin temelini oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada günümüz biyolojisinin en kapsamlı tartışmalarından biri olan ‘fenotipin ne olduğu ve nasıl oluştuğu’ konusunun, Aristoteles’in dört neden kuramı ile ilişkisi incelenmiştir. Genotip, fenotip ve çevrenin son derece karmaşık yolları içeren etkileşim ağı, araştırılması için birden fazla nedensel sorgulamayı gerektirir ki bu sorgulama bir anlamda Aristoteles’in dört neden kuramının, maddi, formel ve fail nedenlerinin bir arada sorgulanmasına benzerdir.

References

  • ANZALDO, Armando Aranda. Back to the Future: Aristotle and Molecular Biology, Ludus Vitalis, 2007, Vol XV, Num. 28, pp 195-198
  • ARİSTOTELES, Fizik, Yapı Kredi Yayınları 2. Baskı, 2001, Çeviri: Saffet Babür
  • ARSLAN, Ahmet. İlkçağ Felsefe Tarihi 3 Aristoteles, İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları 3. Baskı, 2011
  • FALCON, Andrea. Aristotle on Causality, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2012 Edition), Ed.: Edward N. Zatla
  • GILL, Christopher. Essentialism in Aristotle’s Biology, Critical Quarterly, 2011, Vol 53, No 4.
  • GOTTHELF, Allan. Darwin on Aristotle, Journal of the History of Biology, 1999, 32: 3-30
  • KAPLAN, Jonathan Michael and PIGLIUCCI, Massimo. Genes for Phenotypes: A Modern History View, Biology and Philosophy, 2001, 16:189-213
  • LALAND, Kevin., ODLING-SMEE, John., HOPPITT, William and ULLER, Tobias. More on how and why: cause and effect in biology revisited, Biology and Philosophy, 2013, 28:719-745 p 740
  • LEWONTIN, Richard. The Genotype/Phenotype Distinction, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2011, Ed.: Edward N. Zatla
  • MAYR, Ernst. Cause and Effect in Biology, Science, New Series, 1961, Vol: 134, No: 3489, pp 1501-1506
  • PIGLIUCCI, Massimo. From molecules to phenotypes? The promise and limits of integrative biology, Basic and Applied Ecology 4, 2003, 297-306
  • SHIELDS, Christopher. Aristotle, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2012 Edition), Ed.: Edward N. Zalta
  • WILKINS, John S. Essentialism in Biology, Philosophical Issues in Biology Education (To be published)
  • WILLIAMS, Nigel. Aristotle’s Lagoon, Current Biology, 2010, Vol 20, No 3, R84

The Importance of Aristotle’s Four Causes Theory in Contemporary Biology

Year 2013, Issue: 16, 221 - 230, 01.12.2013

Abstract

Aristotle (384 B.C.E.-322 B.C.E.), who is without doubt one of the most important philosophers of the history of philosophy is also one of the most important names in history of science. During his era, science and philosophy were still one inseparable entity. In addition, he was the first philosopher who had suggested the principles of scientific reasoning and the approach of a scientist to nature that well-organized. The theory of four causes is the basis of these principles. In this thesis the relation between the four causes theory and one of the most comprehensive discussions of contemporary biology –what is the phenotype and how does it occur- has investigated. The research of the complex pathways of interaction net between genotype, phenotype and environment needs causal investigation which involves more than a single cause. This investigation is similar to the investigation of Aristotle’s material, formal and efficient causes altogether.

References

  • ANZALDO, Armando Aranda. Back to the Future: Aristotle and Molecular Biology, Ludus Vitalis, 2007, Vol XV, Num. 28, pp 195-198
  • ARİSTOTELES, Fizik, Yapı Kredi Yayınları 2. Baskı, 2001, Çeviri: Saffet Babür
  • ARSLAN, Ahmet. İlkçağ Felsefe Tarihi 3 Aristoteles, İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları 3. Baskı, 2011
  • FALCON, Andrea. Aristotle on Causality, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2012 Edition), Ed.: Edward N. Zatla
  • GILL, Christopher. Essentialism in Aristotle’s Biology, Critical Quarterly, 2011, Vol 53, No 4.
  • GOTTHELF, Allan. Darwin on Aristotle, Journal of the History of Biology, 1999, 32: 3-30
  • KAPLAN, Jonathan Michael and PIGLIUCCI, Massimo. Genes for Phenotypes: A Modern History View, Biology and Philosophy, 2001, 16:189-213
  • LALAND, Kevin., ODLING-SMEE, John., HOPPITT, William and ULLER, Tobias. More on how and why: cause and effect in biology revisited, Biology and Philosophy, 2013, 28:719-745 p 740
  • LEWONTIN, Richard. The Genotype/Phenotype Distinction, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2011, Ed.: Edward N. Zatla
  • MAYR, Ernst. Cause and Effect in Biology, Science, New Series, 1961, Vol: 134, No: 3489, pp 1501-1506
  • PIGLIUCCI, Massimo. From molecules to phenotypes? The promise and limits of integrative biology, Basic and Applied Ecology 4, 2003, 297-306
  • SHIELDS, Christopher. Aristotle, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2012 Edition), Ed.: Edward N. Zalta
  • WILKINS, John S. Essentialism in Biology, Philosophical Issues in Biology Education (To be published)
  • WILLIAMS, Nigel. Aristotle’s Lagoon, Current Biology, 2010, Vol 20, No 3, R84
There are 14 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Philosophy
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Özlem Yılmaz

Publication Date December 1, 2013
Submission Date December 31, 1899
Acceptance Date October 15, 2013
Published in Issue Year 2013 Issue: 16

Cite

Chicago Yılmaz, Özlem. “ARİSTOTELES’İN DÖRT NEDEN KURAMININ GÜNÜMÜZ BİYOLOJİSİ AÇISINDAN ÖNEMİ”. FLSF Felsefe Ve Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, no. 16 (December 2013): 221-30.

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