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THE CONCEPT OF PHILANTHRŌPIA IN DEMOSTHENES

Year 2018, Issue: 25, 415 - 426, 01.04.2018

Abstract

In this paper, I will discuss Demosthenes’ view that philanthrōpia is a virtue pertaining to civilized societies in which social and political relations are based on democratic norms. Before Demosthenes, Attic literature had generally taken philanthrōpia to be only an aristocratic quality and employed it usually in an adjective form to describe either divine beings or rulers. But, by linking philanthrōpia too firmly to the concept of democracy, Demosthenes had frequently attributed philanthrōpia to Athenian people, laws and all the institutions of the state. For Demosthenes, the term philanthrōpia primarily denotes tolerance, sociability and civility which are essential to the democratic way of life

References

  • Aeschylus, Persians, Seven against Thebes, Suppliants, Prometheus Bound, (Ed.- Trans. A. H. Sommerstein), Cambridge 2009. (Loeb Classical Library)
  • Allen, D., “Imprisonment in Classical Athens”, The Classical Quarterly, Vol. 47, No. 1, 1997, s. 121-135.
  • Allen, D., The World of Prometheus: The Politics of Punishing in Democratic Athens, Princeton/Oxford 2000.
  • Aristophanes, Clouds, Wasps, Peace, (Ed.-Trans. J. Henderson), Cambridge 1998. (Loeb Classical Library)
  • Bauman, R. A., Human Rights in Ancient Rome, Routledge 2003.
  • Christ, M. R., “Demosthenes on Philanthrōpia as a Democratic Virtue”, Classical Philology, Vol. 108, No. 3, 2013, s. 202- 222.
  • Çelgin, G., Eski Yunan Edebiyatı, İstanbul 1990.
  • De Romilly, J., La douceur dans la pensée Grecque, Paris 1979.
  • Demosthenes, Orations, Vol. I: Orations 1-17 and 20: Olynthiacs, Philippics, Minor Public Orations, (Trans. J. H. Vince), Cambridge 1930. (Loeb Classical Library)
  • Demosthenes, Orations, Vol. II: Orations 18-19: De Corona, De Falsa Legatione, (Trans. C. A. Vince- J. H. Vince), Cambridge 1926. (Loeb Classical Library)
  • Demosthenes, Orations, Vol. III: Orations 21-26: Against Meidias, Against Androtion, Against Aristocrates, Against Timocrates, Against Aristogeiton 1 and 2, (Trans. J. H. Vince), Cambridge 1935. (Loeb Classical Library)
  • Forsdyke, S., Exile, Ostracism and Democracy: The Politics of Expulsion in Ancient Greece, Princeton 2005.
  • Hunt, P., War, Peace and Alliance in Demosthenes’ Athens, Cambridge 2010.
  • Isocrates, Evagoras, Helen, Busiris, Plataicus, Concerning the Team of Horses, Trapeziticus, Against Callimachus, Aegineticus, Against Lochites, Against Euthynus, Letters, Vol. III, (Trans. L. R. van Hook), Cambridge 1945. (Loeb Classical Library)
  • Isocrates, To Demonicus, To Nicocles, Nicocles or the Cyprians. Panegyricus, To Philip, Archidamus, Vol. I, (Trans. G. Norlin), Cambridge 1928. (Loeb Classical Library)
  • Liddell, H. G. - Scott, R., A Greek – English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon 1966.
  • Lorenz, S., De Progressu Notionis φΙΛΑΝθΡΩΠΙΑΣ, Inaugural dissertation, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 1914.
  • MacDowell, D. M., Demosthenes the Orator, Oxford 2009.
  • Sulek, M., “On the Classical Meaning of Philanthrôpia”, Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, Vol. 39, No. 3, 2010, s. 385-408.
  • Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, Vol. I: Books 1-2, (Trans. C. F. Smith), Cambridge 1919. (Loeb Classical Library)
  • Xenophon, Cyropaedia, Vol. I: Books 1-4, (Trans. W. Miller), Cambridge 1914. (Loeb Classical Library)
  • Xenophon, Cyropaedia, Vol. II: Books 5-8, (Trans. W. Miller), Cambridge 1914. (Loeb Classical Library)
  • Xenophon, Memorabilia, Oeconomicus, Symposium, Apology, (Trans. E. C. Marchant - O. J. Todd, Rev. J. Henderson), Cambridge 2013. (Loeb Classical Library)
  • Xenophon, Scripta Minora: Hiero, Agesilaus, Constitution of the Lacedaemonians, Ways and Means, Cavalry Commander, Art of Horsemanship, On Hunting, Constitution of the Athenians, (Trans. E. C. Marchant), Cambridge 1925. (Loeb Classical Library)

DEMOSTHENES’DE PHILANTHRŌPIA KAVRAMI

Year 2018, Issue: 25, 415 - 426, 01.04.2018

Abstract

Bu makalede, Demosthenes’in philanthrōpia anlayışı tartışılacaktır. Demosthenes’e göre philanthrōpia, sosyal ve politik ilişkilerin demokratik normlara dayandığı uygar toplumlara özgü bir erdemi ifade eder. Demosthenes’ten önce Attik literatür, philanthrōpiayı sadece bir aristokratik değer olarak ele almış ve bu terimi, çoğunlukla sıfat formunda, ya kutsal varlıkları ya da yöneticileri betimlemek için kullanmıştır. Fakat Demosthenes, philanthrōpia ve demokrasi kavramı arasında yakın bir bağ kurarak, philanthrōpia terimini Atina halkına, yasalarına ve devletin tüm organlarına atfetmiştir. Demosthenes için philanthrōpia, öncelikli olarak, demokratik yaşam tarzı için zorunlu olan uygarlık, sosyallik ve hoşgörülü olmak demektir

References

  • Aeschylus, Persians, Seven against Thebes, Suppliants, Prometheus Bound, (Ed.- Trans. A. H. Sommerstein), Cambridge 2009. (Loeb Classical Library)
  • Allen, D., “Imprisonment in Classical Athens”, The Classical Quarterly, Vol. 47, No. 1, 1997, s. 121-135.
  • Allen, D., The World of Prometheus: The Politics of Punishing in Democratic Athens, Princeton/Oxford 2000.
  • Aristophanes, Clouds, Wasps, Peace, (Ed.-Trans. J. Henderson), Cambridge 1998. (Loeb Classical Library)
  • Bauman, R. A., Human Rights in Ancient Rome, Routledge 2003.
  • Christ, M. R., “Demosthenes on Philanthrōpia as a Democratic Virtue”, Classical Philology, Vol. 108, No. 3, 2013, s. 202- 222.
  • Çelgin, G., Eski Yunan Edebiyatı, İstanbul 1990.
  • De Romilly, J., La douceur dans la pensée Grecque, Paris 1979.
  • Demosthenes, Orations, Vol. I: Orations 1-17 and 20: Olynthiacs, Philippics, Minor Public Orations, (Trans. J. H. Vince), Cambridge 1930. (Loeb Classical Library)
  • Demosthenes, Orations, Vol. II: Orations 18-19: De Corona, De Falsa Legatione, (Trans. C. A. Vince- J. H. Vince), Cambridge 1926. (Loeb Classical Library)
  • Demosthenes, Orations, Vol. III: Orations 21-26: Against Meidias, Against Androtion, Against Aristocrates, Against Timocrates, Against Aristogeiton 1 and 2, (Trans. J. H. Vince), Cambridge 1935. (Loeb Classical Library)
  • Forsdyke, S., Exile, Ostracism and Democracy: The Politics of Expulsion in Ancient Greece, Princeton 2005.
  • Hunt, P., War, Peace and Alliance in Demosthenes’ Athens, Cambridge 2010.
  • Isocrates, Evagoras, Helen, Busiris, Plataicus, Concerning the Team of Horses, Trapeziticus, Against Callimachus, Aegineticus, Against Lochites, Against Euthynus, Letters, Vol. III, (Trans. L. R. van Hook), Cambridge 1945. (Loeb Classical Library)
  • Isocrates, To Demonicus, To Nicocles, Nicocles or the Cyprians. Panegyricus, To Philip, Archidamus, Vol. I, (Trans. G. Norlin), Cambridge 1928. (Loeb Classical Library)
  • Liddell, H. G. - Scott, R., A Greek – English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon 1966.
  • Lorenz, S., De Progressu Notionis φΙΛΑΝθΡΩΠΙΑΣ, Inaugural dissertation, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 1914.
  • MacDowell, D. M., Demosthenes the Orator, Oxford 2009.
  • Sulek, M., “On the Classical Meaning of Philanthrôpia”, Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, Vol. 39, No. 3, 2010, s. 385-408.
  • Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, Vol. I: Books 1-2, (Trans. C. F. Smith), Cambridge 1919. (Loeb Classical Library)
  • Xenophon, Cyropaedia, Vol. I: Books 1-4, (Trans. W. Miller), Cambridge 1914. (Loeb Classical Library)
  • Xenophon, Cyropaedia, Vol. II: Books 5-8, (Trans. W. Miller), Cambridge 1914. (Loeb Classical Library)
  • Xenophon, Memorabilia, Oeconomicus, Symposium, Apology, (Trans. E. C. Marchant - O. J. Todd, Rev. J. Henderson), Cambridge 2013. (Loeb Classical Library)
  • Xenophon, Scripta Minora: Hiero, Agesilaus, Constitution of the Lacedaemonians, Ways and Means, Cavalry Commander, Art of Horsemanship, On Hunting, Constitution of the Athenians, (Trans. E. C. Marchant), Cambridge 1925. (Loeb Classical Library)
There are 24 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Esengül Akinci Öztürk This is me

Publication Date April 1, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Issue: 25

Cite

Chicago Öztürk, Esengül Akinci. “DEMOSTHENES’DE PHILANTHRŌPIA KAVRAMI”. FLSF Felsefe Ve Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, no. 25 (April 2018): 415-26.

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