Abstract
Bu
çalışmada Presokratiklerin bilim anlayışı, çağdaş bilim felsefesi (mantıksal
pozitivizm) bağlamında değerlendirilecektir. Bu bağlam ise, olayları/olguları;
tekrarlanabilir, genelleştirilebilir yasalara dayandırarak gelecekte ortaya
çıkabilecek olayları/olguları öngörebilme anlayışı olarak özetlenebilir. Bu
anlayış; belirli ön-koşulların doğal sonucu olarak olayları/olguları
betimlemek/açıklamak anlamında kullanılmıştır. Bunun aksine bilimsel olmayan
görüşler tekrarlanabilirlik ve kestirilebilirlik fikrine daha az vurgu yapar.
Gökyüzü ve Yeryüzündeki dönüşümleri, düzenlilikleri tanımlayan ve bunlarla
ilgili ön-deyi sağlayan rasyonel açıklamaları arayanlar Presokratikler
olmuştur. Evrenin temel yapı taşlarını, temel öğelerini ve evrende meydana
gelen olayları idare eden genel ilkeleri bulmaya çalışmışlardı. Ancak araştırma
yöntemleri bugün anlaşılan anlamda bilimsel yöntem (özellikle deneysellik)
olmasa da, mitler ve efsanelerden bilgi edinme konusunda köklü bir kırılma
yaşattıkları reddedilemez. Bu bakımdan modern bilimin köklerinin Doğa
Filozoflarına kadar geri götürülmesi, çalışmalarının bilimsel olabileceğini
söylememize imkan vermektedir.
References
- Andre Laks, The Concept of Presocratic Philosophy, Translated by, Glenn W. Most, Princeton University Press, 2006, New Jersey
- Aristoteles, Metafizik I, Çev. Ahmet Arslan, Ege Üni. Ed. Fak. Yay., 1985
- Bertrand Russel, Mistisizm ve Mantık,., Çev. Ayseli Usluata, Varlık yay., 1972
- Bruno Snell, The Discovery of the Mind, Harvard University Press, Massachusetts, 1953
- Edward Hussey, The Presocratics, Bristol Classical Press, 1998
- Ernst von Aster, İlkçağ ve Ortaçağ Felsefe Tarihi, İm Yayınları, 3. Baskı
- George Sarton, Bilim Tarihi, “History of Science”, Enyclopedia Americana, C. 24. S.413-417, 1956, Çev. Remzi Demir, Felsefe Dünyası, Sayı 11, Mart, 1994
- Henry Frankfort, The Intellectual Adventure of Ancient Man, University of Chicago Press, 1946
- John Burnet, Greek Philosophy: Thales to Plato, MacMillan and Co., 1928
- Jerry Stannard, “The Presocratic Origin of Explanatory Method”, The Philosophical Quarterly, C. 15, S. 60, 1965
- Kirk Raven Schofield, The Presocratic Philosophers, Cambridge University Press, 1983
- M. L. West, “The Saying of Democritus”, The Classical Review, C. 19, S. 2, 1969
- R. J. Hankinson, Cause and Explanation in Ancient Greek, Oxford University Press, 1998
- Singh Raghuveer, “Herakleitos and the Law of Nature”, Journal of the History Ideas, C. 24, S. 4, 1963
- Walter Kranz, Antik Felsefe, Çev. Suat Baydur, Sosyal Yayınları, 1984
- W. K. C. Guthrie, A History of Greek Philosophy, The Earlier Presocratics and the Pythagoreans, Londra, ı962,. 15, S. 60, 1965
Abstract
In this study,we aim to discuss the understanding of
science of Presocratics within modern philosophy of science (logical positivism
approach). That sense implicate in predict events/facts which can be ocur in
the future based on repeatable, generalizable laws.This understanding is used
in terms of describe/explain events/facts as a natural consequence of certain
preconditions. By contrast, non-scientific viewsput less emphasis on the idea
of repeatability and predictability. It is Presocratics whom have been sought
rational explanations that describe and provide predictions about the
circulations and regularities in the Sky and on Earth. They tried to find the
basic building blocks of the universe, the basic elements, and the general
principles governing the events taking place in the universe. However, their
research methods were not scientific in the sense of modern scientific
understanding.Even they made a breakthrough in obtaining information from myths
and legends, they still lacked the experimental method. Their arguments about
the universe were based on a priori method, and the idea of explanatory power
played an important role in this method.
References
- Andre Laks, The Concept of Presocratic Philosophy, Translated by, Glenn W. Most, Princeton University Press, 2006, New Jersey
- Aristoteles, Metafizik I, Çev. Ahmet Arslan, Ege Üni. Ed. Fak. Yay., 1985
- Bertrand Russel, Mistisizm ve Mantık,., Çev. Ayseli Usluata, Varlık yay., 1972
- Bruno Snell, The Discovery of the Mind, Harvard University Press, Massachusetts, 1953
- Edward Hussey, The Presocratics, Bristol Classical Press, 1998
- Ernst von Aster, İlkçağ ve Ortaçağ Felsefe Tarihi, İm Yayınları, 3. Baskı
- George Sarton, Bilim Tarihi, “History of Science”, Enyclopedia Americana, C. 24. S.413-417, 1956, Çev. Remzi Demir, Felsefe Dünyası, Sayı 11, Mart, 1994
- Henry Frankfort, The Intellectual Adventure of Ancient Man, University of Chicago Press, 1946
- John Burnet, Greek Philosophy: Thales to Plato, MacMillan and Co., 1928
- Jerry Stannard, “The Presocratic Origin of Explanatory Method”, The Philosophical Quarterly, C. 15, S. 60, 1965
- Kirk Raven Schofield, The Presocratic Philosophers, Cambridge University Press, 1983
- M. L. West, “The Saying of Democritus”, The Classical Review, C. 19, S. 2, 1969
- R. J. Hankinson, Cause and Explanation in Ancient Greek, Oxford University Press, 1998
- Singh Raghuveer, “Herakleitos and the Law of Nature”, Journal of the History Ideas, C. 24, S. 4, 1963
- Walter Kranz, Antik Felsefe, Çev. Suat Baydur, Sosyal Yayınları, 1984
- W. K. C. Guthrie, A History of Greek Philosophy, The Earlier Presocratics and the Pythagoreans, Londra, ı962,. 15, S. 60, 1965
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Philosophy |
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 29, 2019 |
| Submission Date | September 30, 2019 |
| Acceptance Date | December 28, 2019 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2019 Issue: 28 |
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