ÖZNELEŞTİRME STRATEJİLERİNDEN ÖZGÜRLEŞME PRATİĞİ OLARAK KENDİLİK TEKNOLOJİLERİ VE KENDİLİK KÜLTİVASYONU

Year 2020, Issue: 29, 33 - 52, 16.05.2020

Serdar Gezer

Abstract

Foucault’ya göre bir deneyim tarihin verili bir anında ekonomik veya politik nedenlerden ötürü sorunsallaştırılarak üzerinde düşünülen bir alana dâhil edilir. Bu deneyim hakkında bilimsel bilgi üretilir ve bunun sonucunda deneyim sınırları belirlenmiş bir kimliğe dönüştürülür. Bu deneyimle ilişkili normativiteler üretilir ve bir takım aparatlar tarafından bu normativite aralığı denetlenir. Böylece insan varlığı, olma biçimi egemen tarafından belirlenmiş dolayısıyla insan özneleştirilmiş olur. Foucault’ya göre modern toplumda özneleştirme yoğunluklu olarak dürtü-haz-arzu üçlüsünün kullanıma sokulmasıyla çalışır. Onun her türden özneleştirme stratejilerine karşı direnmek için önerisi ise Antik Yunandan ödünç aldığı kendilik teknolojileri ve kendilik kültivasyonudur.

Keywords

Sorunsallaştırma, kendilik teknolojileri, kendilik kültivasyonu, varoluş sanatı

THE TECHNOLOGIES OF THE SELF AND THE CULTIVATION OF THE SELF AS EMANCIPATION PRACTICE FROM SUBJECTIVITY STRATEGIES

Abstract

According to Foucault, an experience is problematized and included in the field of thought for economic or political reasons at a given moment in history. Scientific knowledge is produced about this experience and, as a result, the experience is transformed into a well defined identity. What is normal and abnormal way of being (normativities) related to this experience are produced and well defined range of normativities is controlled by a number of apparatuses. Thus, the human being, the manner of being is determined by the sovereign and thus human being becomes subject. According to Foucault, subjectivity in modern society works intensively with the use of the trio of impulse-pleasure-desire. His proposal to resist all kinds of subjectivation strategies is the technologies of the self and the cultivation of the self which he borrowed from Ancient Greece.    

Keywords

problematization, the technologies of the self, the cultivation of the self, the art of existence

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