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STOA FELSEFESİNDE “DOĞAYA UYGUN YAŞAMA”NIN ANLAMI

Year 2020, Issue: 29, 201 - 218, 16.05.2020

Abstract

“Doğaya uygun yaşamak”ı amaçlayan Stoacılık, gündelik pratiklere dair önerileri ve kişileri kendini araştırmaya yönlendiren ikazlarıyla çeşitli dönemlerde olduğu kadar günümüzde de kişilere belirli eylem olanakları sunar. Bu olanakların gerçekleştirilebilir olması için “doğaya uygun yaşamak”ın anlamının tartışıldığı bu çalışmada, doğadan hareket eden, akla uygunluğu ölçüt alan ve erdemi erek olarak belirleyen Stoacılığın, hareket noktası, ölçüt ve erek arasında nasıl bir bağlantı kurduğuna değinilmektedir. Çalışma Stoa etiğinin önemli kavramlarından biri olan oikeiōsis aracılığıyla doğa, akıl ve erdem kavramları arasında bir bağlantı olduğunu ve bu kavramların farklı bağlamlarda birbirlerinin yerine kullanılabilir olduklarını Stoacı metinlerden hareketle ortaya koymaktadır. Bu bağlantılar ve kavramsal geçişlilik, Stoacıların “doğaya uygun yaşamak” ile kastettiklerinin yalnızca doğaya uygunluk olmadığını, bunun yanı sıra bu ifadenin, “doğaya, akla ve erdeme uygun yaşamak” anlamına geldiğini göstermektedir.

References

  • Annas, Julia, The Morality of Happiness, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1975.
  • Aristoteles, Metafizik, (çev. Ahmet Arslan), Sosyal Yayınları, İstanbul, 1996.
  • Aristoteles, Nikomakhos’a Etik, (çev. Saffet Babür), BilgeSu Yayıncılık, Ankara, 2007.
  • Aristotle, Politics, (trans. H. Rackham), William Heinemann Ltd, London, 1959.
  • Arnim, Hans Von, Stoicorum Veterum Fragmenta Vol. I-IV, Teubner, Stuttgart, 1964.
  • Aurelius, Marcus, Düşünceler, (çev. Şadan Karadeniz), Yapı Kredi Yayınları, İstanbul, 2004.
  • Brink, C. O., “Οἰκείωσις and Οἰκειότης: Theophrastus and Zeno on Nature in Moral Theory'', Phronesis, 1955-6, 123-45.
  • Cicero, Marcus Tullius, On Ends, (trans. H. Rackham), Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1931.
  • Cicero, Marcus Tullius, Tanrıların Doğası, (çev. Çiğdem Menzilcioğlu), Kabalcı Yayınları, İstanbul, 2012.
  • Cicero, Marcus Tullius, Yükümlülükler Üzerine, (çev. C. Cengiz Çevik), Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, İstanbul, 2014.
  • Çevik, C. Cengiz, “Cicero, De Finibus III’te ‘Latincede Felsefi Terminoloji’ Üzerine Bir İnceleme“, Felsefe Arkivi, 33, 2008, 43-86. Epictetus, Discourses Books 1-2, (trans. W.A. Oldfather), Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1998 . Epictetus, Discourses Books 3-4, Fragments the Encheiridion, (trans. W.A. Oldfather), Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1928.
  • Epicurus & Usener, H, Epicurea, Cambridge University Press, New York, 2010.
  • Epiktetos, Enkheiridion, (çev. C. Cengiz Çevik), Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, İstanbul, 2019
  • Hierocles & Ilaria Ramelli, Hierocles the Stoic: Elements of Ethics, Fragments, and Excerpts, Brill, Leiden, 2009.
  • Kerferd, G. B., “The Search for Personal Identity in Stoic Thought”, Bulletin of the John Rylands Library 55 (1), Manchester, Manchester University Press, 1972, 177-196.
  • Laertios, Diogenes, Ünlü Filozofların Yaşamları ve Öğretileri, (çev. Candan Şentuna), Yapı Kredi Yayınları, İstanbul, 2007.
  • Laertius, Diogenes, Lives of Eminent Philosophers Books 6-10, (trans. R.D. Hicks), Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1931.
  • Long, Arthur A. & Sedley, David N., The Hellenistic Philosophers, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1987.
  • Pembroke, S. G., “Oikeiōsis”, in Problems in Stoicism, (ed. A. A. Long), Athlone Press, London, 1971, 114-49
  • Peters, Francis E., Antik Yunan Felsefesi Terimleri Sözlüğü, (çev. Hakkı Hünler), Paradigma Yayıncılık, İstanbul, 2004.
  • Plutarch, “On Stoic Self-Contradictions”, Moralia Volume XIII: Part 2, (trans. Harold Cherniss), Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1976.
  • Rist, J. M., Stoic Philosophy, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1969.
  • Schofield, Malcolm, “Stoic Ethics”, in The Cambridge Companion to the Stoics, (ed. B. Inwood), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2003, 233-56.
  • Seneca, Lucius Annaeus, Epistles 93-124, (trans. Richard M. Gummere), Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1925.
  • Seneca, Lucius Annaeus, Ahlak Mektupları, (çev. Türkân Uzel), Jaguar Kitap, İstanbul, 2018.
  • Striker, Gisela, “Following nature: A study in Stoic ethics”, in Essays on Hellenistic Epistemology and Ethics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1996, 221-80.
  • Striker, Gisela. “The Role of Oikeiōsis in Stoic Ethics”, in Essays on Hellenistic Epistemology and Ethics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1996, 281-297.
  • Türkyılmaz, Çetin. “On Foucault’s Stoicism and Hegel’s Critique of the Stoic Point of View in Relation to the Problem of Freedom”, Synthesis Philosophica, 66 (2/2018), 539-554.

THE MEANING OF “LIVING IN ACCORDANCE WITH NATURE” IN STOIC PHILOSOPHY

Year 2020, Issue: 29, 201 - 218, 16.05.2020

Abstract

Stoicism, which aims to “live in accordance with nature”, offers certain opportunities of action to people today, as well as it did in many other periods, with its suggestions about daily practices and warnings that direct people to analyze themselves. This article will discuss the meaning of “living in accordance with nature” to make these opportunities feasible; and thus address how Stoicism, which begins with nature, sets its criterion as reason and its end as virtue, establishes a connection between starting point, criterion and end. Through oikeiōsis, which is an important concept of Stoic ethics, and Stoic texts, this article will reveal that there is a connection between the concepts of nature, reason and virtue and the fact that these concepts can be used interchangeably in different contexts. These connections and conceptual transition show that "living in accordance with nature" does not only mean being in conformity with nature for Stoics, but this expression also means "living in accordance with nature, reason and virtue" for them.

References

  • Annas, Julia, The Morality of Happiness, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1975.
  • Aristoteles, Metafizik, (çev. Ahmet Arslan), Sosyal Yayınları, İstanbul, 1996.
  • Aristoteles, Nikomakhos’a Etik, (çev. Saffet Babür), BilgeSu Yayıncılık, Ankara, 2007.
  • Aristotle, Politics, (trans. H. Rackham), William Heinemann Ltd, London, 1959.
  • Arnim, Hans Von, Stoicorum Veterum Fragmenta Vol. I-IV, Teubner, Stuttgart, 1964.
  • Aurelius, Marcus, Düşünceler, (çev. Şadan Karadeniz), Yapı Kredi Yayınları, İstanbul, 2004.
  • Brink, C. O., “Οἰκείωσις and Οἰκειότης: Theophrastus and Zeno on Nature in Moral Theory'', Phronesis, 1955-6, 123-45.
  • Cicero, Marcus Tullius, On Ends, (trans. H. Rackham), Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1931.
  • Cicero, Marcus Tullius, Tanrıların Doğası, (çev. Çiğdem Menzilcioğlu), Kabalcı Yayınları, İstanbul, 2012.
  • Cicero, Marcus Tullius, Yükümlülükler Üzerine, (çev. C. Cengiz Çevik), Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, İstanbul, 2014.
  • Çevik, C. Cengiz, “Cicero, De Finibus III’te ‘Latincede Felsefi Terminoloji’ Üzerine Bir İnceleme“, Felsefe Arkivi, 33, 2008, 43-86. Epictetus, Discourses Books 1-2, (trans. W.A. Oldfather), Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1998 . Epictetus, Discourses Books 3-4, Fragments the Encheiridion, (trans. W.A. Oldfather), Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1928.
  • Epicurus & Usener, H, Epicurea, Cambridge University Press, New York, 2010.
  • Epiktetos, Enkheiridion, (çev. C. Cengiz Çevik), Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, İstanbul, 2019
  • Hierocles & Ilaria Ramelli, Hierocles the Stoic: Elements of Ethics, Fragments, and Excerpts, Brill, Leiden, 2009.
  • Kerferd, G. B., “The Search for Personal Identity in Stoic Thought”, Bulletin of the John Rylands Library 55 (1), Manchester, Manchester University Press, 1972, 177-196.
  • Laertios, Diogenes, Ünlü Filozofların Yaşamları ve Öğretileri, (çev. Candan Şentuna), Yapı Kredi Yayınları, İstanbul, 2007.
  • Laertius, Diogenes, Lives of Eminent Philosophers Books 6-10, (trans. R.D. Hicks), Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1931.
  • Long, Arthur A. & Sedley, David N., The Hellenistic Philosophers, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1987.
  • Pembroke, S. G., “Oikeiōsis”, in Problems in Stoicism, (ed. A. A. Long), Athlone Press, London, 1971, 114-49
  • Peters, Francis E., Antik Yunan Felsefesi Terimleri Sözlüğü, (çev. Hakkı Hünler), Paradigma Yayıncılık, İstanbul, 2004.
  • Plutarch, “On Stoic Self-Contradictions”, Moralia Volume XIII: Part 2, (trans. Harold Cherniss), Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1976.
  • Rist, J. M., Stoic Philosophy, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1969.
  • Schofield, Malcolm, “Stoic Ethics”, in The Cambridge Companion to the Stoics, (ed. B. Inwood), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2003, 233-56.
  • Seneca, Lucius Annaeus, Epistles 93-124, (trans. Richard M. Gummere), Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1925.
  • Seneca, Lucius Annaeus, Ahlak Mektupları, (çev. Türkân Uzel), Jaguar Kitap, İstanbul, 2018.
  • Striker, Gisela, “Following nature: A study in Stoic ethics”, in Essays on Hellenistic Epistemology and Ethics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1996, 221-80.
  • Striker, Gisela. “The Role of Oikeiōsis in Stoic Ethics”, in Essays on Hellenistic Epistemology and Ethics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1996, 281-297.
  • Türkyılmaz, Çetin. “On Foucault’s Stoicism and Hegel’s Critique of the Stoic Point of View in Relation to the Problem of Freedom”, Synthesis Philosophica, 66 (2/2018), 539-554.
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Philosophy
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Melike Molacı 0000-0002-8128-7706

Publication Date May 16, 2020
Submission Date February 24, 2020
Acceptance Date April 29, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Issue: 29

Cite

Chicago Molacı, Melike. “STOA FELSEFESİNDE ‘DOĞAYA UYGUN YAŞAMA’NIN ANLAMI”. FLSF Felsefe Ve Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, no. 29 (May 2020): 201-18.

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