Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

FREUD VE HEİDEGGER'DE KAYNAĞA DÖNÜŞ TEMASI

Year 2021, Issue: 31, 561 - 576, 12.05.2021

Abstract

Kaynak/başlangıç teması çerçevesinde Freud ve Heidegger’in ortaya koyduğu düşünce çizgisi takip edilecek ve her iki düşünürde bulunan yakın düşünsel çabalar bu izlek doğrultusunda incelenecek ve aralarındaki bağlantılar gösterilecektir. Başlangıçla bağlantılı olarak, Freud dürtü kuramında organik dünyada ölüm dürtüsüne nihai bir işlev yüklemiştir. Bu konumlandırma yalnızca biyolojik olarak değil, psişik yaşam ve metafizik bir boyutta da söz konusudur. Ölüm dürtüsü ise metapsikolojinin kilit kavramı olan ‘yineleme zorlantısı’ terimini karşımıza çıkarır. Dürtülerin temel bir karakterini ifade eden ‘yineleme zorlantısı’, özellikle de ölüm dürtüsünün işleyiş biçimini ortaya koyuyor gibi görünmektedir. Dolayısıyla dürtüsel olanla ve ‘haz ilkesinin ötesinde’ olanın ne olduğunun soruşturulmasıyla bağlantılıdır. Bu bağlamda tüm yaşamın bir ölüm hedefine yöneldiği, hatta kilitlendiği sorunsalı hem bilinç hem de bilinçdışı bağlamda incelenir. Her zaman için bir önceki duruma, nihai olarak ise cansız olana geri dönüş dürtüsü, yineleme zorlantısı’nın kaynağı travmatik yoldan araması olarak ifade edilebilir.
Heidegger ise yeni bir başlangıç peşinde kökensel bir düşünmeye geçiş için bir sıçrama yapılması gerektiğini ortaya koyar. Yalnız bu sıçrama için bir hazırlık sürecine, bir uyumlanma ya da kilitlenme diyebileceğimiz bir motife ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Heidegger düşünürü harekete geçirecek ve var-lığın kendisini açmasına/sahiplenmesine izin verecek bir kökensel kilitlenmeden söz eder. Dehşet, kararlılık ve çekinme (huşu) olarak bu temel uyumlanmalar, kökensel düşünmeye yönelimler olarak anlaşılabilir. Bu uyumlanmalar, Freud’un belirlediği dürtüsel yineleme süreçleriyle başlangıca geri dönme izleği boyunca, olagelme olarak yaşamın tarihsel kökenine giden yola saplanmayı sağlayan dehşetin yol açtığı travmaya benzer bir kilitlenme durumunu betimlemektedir. Bu çerçevede Heidegger’in ortaya koyduğu sarsıcı düşünme deneyimi, organizmaların kendine özgü yollardan kilitlendiği ölüme doğru olma ve söz konusu ölüm dürtüsünün anlamlandırılması çabası olarak okunabilir. Her iki düşünce çizgisinde de bulunan başlangıç ve kaynak temaları çerçevesinde Freud’un yineleme zorlantısı deneyimi ve Heidegger’in ortaya koyduğu kökensel kilitlenme yönelimi yakınlık içinde durmaktadır.

References

  • Carel, Havi, Life and Death in Freud and Heidegger, Rodopi, Amsterdam, 2006.
  • Freud, Sigmund, Haz İlkesinin Ötesinde, (Çev. Ali Babaoğlu), Metis Yayınları, İstanbul, 2014a.
  • Freud, Sigmund, Ben ve İd, (Çev. Ali Babaoğlu), Metis Yayınları, İstanbul, 2014b.
  • Geyskens, Tomas & Van Haute, Philippe, From Death Instinct to Attachment Theory, Other Press, New York, 2007.
  • Heidegger, Martin, Contributions to Philosophy (From Enowning), (Trans. Parvis Emad and Kenneth Maly), Indianapolis University Press, Bloomington, 1999.
  • Herrmann, Friedrich-Wilhelm von, “Contributions to Philosophy and Enowning-Historical Thinking”, Companion to Heidegger’s Contribution to Philosophy. (Ed. Charles E. Scott, Susan M. Schoenbohm, Daniela Vallega-Neu and Alejandro Vallega), Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 2001, p. 105-126.
  • Laplanche, Jean & Pontalis, Jean Bertrand, The Language of Psychoanalysis, (Trans. Donald Nicholson-Smith), The Hogarth Press, London, 1973.
  • Laplanche, Jean, Life and Death in Psychoanalysis, (Trans. Jeffrey Mehlman), The John Hopkins University Press, London, 1985.
  • Neu, Daniela, “On The Relation Between Being and Humans in Heidegger’s Letter on Humanism and in his Contibutions to Philosophy”, in the Paideia Archive: Twentieth World Congress of Philosophy, Volume : 6, 1998, pp. 189-193.
  • Ricoeur, Paul, Freud and Philosophy: An Essay on Interpretation, (Trans. Denis Savage), Yale University Press, London, 1970.
  • Scott, Charles E., “Introduction: Approaching Heidegger’s Contribution to Philosophy and Its Companion”, Companion to Heidegger’s Contribution to Philosophy, (Ed. Charles E. Scott, Susan M. Schoenbohm, Daniela Vallega-Neu and Alejandro Vallega), Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 2001, p. 1-12.
  • Schoenbohm, Susan M., “Reading Heidegger’s Contribution to Philosophy: An Orientation”, Companion to Heidegger’s Contribution to Philosophy, (Ed. Charles E. Scott, Susan M. Schoenbohm, Daniela Vallega-Neu and Alejandro Vallega), Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 2001. p. 15-31.
  • Thomson, Iain, “The Philosophical Fugue: Understanding the Structure and Goal of Heidegger’s Beitrage”, Journal of the British Society for Phenomenology, 2003, 43(1), p. 57-73.
  • Vallega-Neu, Daniela, Heidegger’s Contribution to Philosophy: An Inroduction, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 2003.

THE THEME OF RETURN TO THE SOURCE IN FREUD AND HEIDEGGER

Year 2021, Issue: 31, 561 - 576, 12.05.2021

Abstract

Within the scope of the theme of source/beginning, Freud and Heidegger’s way of thinking will be pursued for the purposes of examining this topic. Closely related intellectual endeavors and links will be explicated in these resourceful thinkers. In connection with the theme of beginning, Freud attributes an ultimate role to death instinct in organic world in his theory of intincts. This function operates not only as in a biological process, but also in the psychic life and as a cosmological principle. Also ‘repetition compulsion’ emerges within the death instinct, a key concept in metapsychology. It describes the primordial character of instincts, especially the mechanism of death instinct. So it is closely related with the analysis of being instinctual and that is beyond pleasure principle. In this regard, Freud examines the problem of death driven aims at the conscious and unconscious levels. Repetition compulsion, as an urge always to restore an earlier state of things, as the ultimate instinct to return to the final source of inanimate can be conceived as a primordial searching for a source in a traumatic way.
In a similar timbre with Freud, Heidegger presents a primordial search that necessitates a leap to inceptual thinking for the other beginning. It is needed a preparatory motive that attunes for this leap. Heidegger speaks of grounding-attunement that will alert the philospher and lets the essential swaying of be-ing as enowning. These grounding-attunements, startled dismay, reservedness, and deep awe can be understood as orientations towords be-ing-historical thinking. The thought of attunement seems to depict a trauma-like attuning state emerges from fright which posing a path to the be-ing historical origin of life as enowning that Freud portrayed of a theme with instinctual compulsion to repeat itself into returning to beginning. In this context, Heidegger’s startled thinking can be seen as opennes of organisms following its own attuning path to death and as the effort of reinterpreting death instinct. Within the frame of the themes of beginning and source, Freud’s primordial drive of repetition compulsion and Heidegger’s orientation of grounding-attunement are in close relation in both their lines of thought.

References

  • Carel, Havi, Life and Death in Freud and Heidegger, Rodopi, Amsterdam, 2006.
  • Freud, Sigmund, Haz İlkesinin Ötesinde, (Çev. Ali Babaoğlu), Metis Yayınları, İstanbul, 2014a.
  • Freud, Sigmund, Ben ve İd, (Çev. Ali Babaoğlu), Metis Yayınları, İstanbul, 2014b.
  • Geyskens, Tomas & Van Haute, Philippe, From Death Instinct to Attachment Theory, Other Press, New York, 2007.
  • Heidegger, Martin, Contributions to Philosophy (From Enowning), (Trans. Parvis Emad and Kenneth Maly), Indianapolis University Press, Bloomington, 1999.
  • Herrmann, Friedrich-Wilhelm von, “Contributions to Philosophy and Enowning-Historical Thinking”, Companion to Heidegger’s Contribution to Philosophy. (Ed. Charles E. Scott, Susan M. Schoenbohm, Daniela Vallega-Neu and Alejandro Vallega), Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 2001, p. 105-126.
  • Laplanche, Jean & Pontalis, Jean Bertrand, The Language of Psychoanalysis, (Trans. Donald Nicholson-Smith), The Hogarth Press, London, 1973.
  • Laplanche, Jean, Life and Death in Psychoanalysis, (Trans. Jeffrey Mehlman), The John Hopkins University Press, London, 1985.
  • Neu, Daniela, “On The Relation Between Being and Humans in Heidegger’s Letter on Humanism and in his Contibutions to Philosophy”, in the Paideia Archive: Twentieth World Congress of Philosophy, Volume : 6, 1998, pp. 189-193.
  • Ricoeur, Paul, Freud and Philosophy: An Essay on Interpretation, (Trans. Denis Savage), Yale University Press, London, 1970.
  • Scott, Charles E., “Introduction: Approaching Heidegger’s Contribution to Philosophy and Its Companion”, Companion to Heidegger’s Contribution to Philosophy, (Ed. Charles E. Scott, Susan M. Schoenbohm, Daniela Vallega-Neu and Alejandro Vallega), Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 2001, p. 1-12.
  • Schoenbohm, Susan M., “Reading Heidegger’s Contribution to Philosophy: An Orientation”, Companion to Heidegger’s Contribution to Philosophy, (Ed. Charles E. Scott, Susan M. Schoenbohm, Daniela Vallega-Neu and Alejandro Vallega), Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 2001. p. 15-31.
  • Thomson, Iain, “The Philosophical Fugue: Understanding the Structure and Goal of Heidegger’s Beitrage”, Journal of the British Society for Phenomenology, 2003, 43(1), p. 57-73.
  • Vallega-Neu, Daniela, Heidegger’s Contribution to Philosophy: An Inroduction, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 2003.
There are 14 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Philosophy
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ahmet Cüneyt Gültekin

Publication Date May 12, 2021
Submission Date March 1, 2021
Acceptance Date April 6, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Issue: 31

Cite

Chicago Gültekin, Ahmet Cüneyt. “FREUD VE HEİDEGGER’DE KAYNAĞA DÖNÜŞ TEMASI”. FLSF Felsefe Ve Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, no. 31 (May 2021): 561-76.

Starting from 2024, our journal will be published in 3 issues as two regular and one special issues. These issues will be published In May (regular issue), September (special issue) and December (regular issue).

Acceptance of articles for our special issue and our regular issue in December will begin on March 15.

Only articles within the scope of the file will be included in our special issue. 

Thank you for your attention.