. (Erişim Tarihi: 14.06.2022)." />. 2021. (Erişim Tarihi: 14.03.2022)." />. 2021. (14.03.2022)." />
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POLİTİK BİLİM FELSEFESİ TARTIŞMALARINA OTTO NEURATH’IN KATKISI

Year 2022, Issue: 34, 249 - 277, 10.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.53844/flsf.1117061

Abstract

Mantıkçı amprisistlere göre metafizik, muhafazakarlık, faşizm gibi siyasi ideolojilerin güçlenmesinde en önemli faktörlerden birisidir. Viyana Çevresi’nin bu iddiaları belki de en açık biçimde Otto Neurath’ın hayatı ve çalışmalarında görünür olmaktadır. Neurath’a göre metafizik, sosyal ve politik bağlamlarda ele alınmalıdır. Neurath, bu nedenle metafizikten arındırılmış, rasyonelleştirilmiş bir toplum modelini, Viyana Çevresi'nin “Manifestosunun” (Wissenschaftliche Weltauffassung / Der Wiener Kreis) odağına yerleştirir. Ona göre Viyana Çevresi temel olarak bu doğrultuda ilerlemelidir. Marksist bir eğilime de sahip olan Neurath'a göre metafizik, sosyal ve politik alanda muhafazakarlığın yerleşmesini ve yeniden üretilmesinin kaynağıdır. Son dönemlerde bilim felsefesi tarihi çalışmaları kapsamında özellikle “sol Viyana Çevresi”’nin eğilimleri incelenirken Neurath’ın hayatı ve ekonomi, eğitimcilik gibi çeşitli alanlarda kendisini gösteren politik pozisyonu referans noktası olarak ele alınmaktadır. Bu bağlamda öncelikle Viyana Çevresi’nin bilim tarihindeki yerini politik bağlamda ele alacağım. İkinci olarak Viyana Çevresi’nin önemli temsilcilerinden biri olan Neurath’ı ekonomi, felsefe ve eğitim ile ilgili iddia ve çalışmaları bağlamında Çevre içerisindeki özgün konumunu değerlendireceğim. Makalede ortaya normatif bir iddia koymaktan ziyade, betimsel bir yöntemle Neurath’ın eklektik bilim felsefesinin dünya meseleleri karşısında bir bilim felsefecisinin tavrının ne olabileceği ile ilgili bir olanak sunduğunu göstermeyi amaçlıyorum. Bu değerlendirmelerin günümüz bilim felsefesinin kendisini yeniden yapılandırması gerekliliği ile ilgili tartışmalara katkı sunmasını umuyorum.

References

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  • Audrey Yap, “Conceptual Engineering and Neurath’s Boat: A Return to the Political Roots of Logical Empiricism”. The Political Turn in Analytic Philosophy: Reflections on Social Injustice and Opression (Eds. David Bordonaba Plou, Víctor Fernández Castro & José Ramón Torices). (De Gruyter, 2022).
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  • Karl Popper, Conjectures and Refutations: The Growth of Scientific Knowledge. (London, 1969).
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  • Malachi. H. Hacohen, “Karl Popper, the Vienna Circle, and Red Vienna”, Journal of the History of Ideas, Vol. 59, No. 4, (1998): 711-734.
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OTTO NEURATH’S CONTRIBUTION TO DISCUSSIONS IN THE POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

Year 2022, Issue: 34, 249 - 277, 10.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.53844/flsf.1117061

Abstract

According to Logical Empricists metaphysics is an important factor in strenghtening political ideologies such as conservatism and fascism. Probably one of the best places to look for these claims is in Otto Neurath’s studies and life. According to him, metaphysics should be considered in the social and political contexts. This is the reason why Neurath put the model of rational society that is purified from metaphysics at the center of the “Manifesto” (The Scientific Conception of the World: The Vienna Circle, Wissenschaftliche Weltauffassung / Der Wiener Kreis). According to Neurath, the Vienna Circle should take this path. As he has Marxist tendencies, Neurath thinks that metaphysics is responsible for the stabilization and reproduction conservatism in social and political contexts. Today, studies focus on what is called the “left Vienna Circle” specifically take into consideration political position of Neurath. Accordingly, in the light of this background, in this paper I will evaluate Neurath’s own peculiar position within the Vienna Circle with respect to his studies on economics, philosophy and education. Thus, I do not argue for a normative claim, rather in a descriptive manner I aim to show a possible answer the question of what attitude could a philosopher of science adopt in the face problems we are facing the world today via Neurath’s understanding of eclectic philosophy of science. At the end, I hope these considerations would contribute to discussions as to how philosophy of science should reconstruct itself.

References

  • Alan. W. Richardson, “Introduction: Origins of Logical Empiricism”. Origins of Logical Empiricism. Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science. (Eds. Ronald N. Giere & Alan. W. Richardson). (Minneapolis, London: University of Minnesota. Vol. XVI, 1996).
  • Andre W. Carus, “Neurath and Carnap on Semantics”, Neurath Reconsidered. New sources and Perspectives. (Eds. Jordi Cat and Tamas Tuboly). (Springer Verlag, 2019).
  • Andrea Alberto Dutto, “The Pyramid and the Mosaic: Otto Neurath’s Encyclopedism as a Critical Model”, FOOTPRINT Delft Architecture Theory Journal Vol. 11 Number 1 (2017), 53-70.
  • Angela Potochnik & Audrey Yap, “Revisiting Galison’s ‘Aufbau/Bauhaus’ in light of Neurath’s Philosophical Projects”, Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 37, (2006): 469–488.
  • Audrey Yap, “Conceptual Engineering and Neurath’s Boat: A Return to the Political Roots of Logical Empiricism”. The Political Turn in Analytic Philosophy: Reflections on Social Injustice and Opression (Eds. David Bordonaba Plou, Víctor Fernández Castro & José Ramón Torices). (De Gruyter, 2022).
  • Audrey Yap, “Feminism and Carnap’s Principle of Tolerance”, Hypatia 25 (2) (2010): 437-454.
  • Başak Aray, “Otto Neurath’ın Eğitimciliğinde Viyana Çevresi Düşüncesinin Etkileri.” Sosyal Bilimler Araştırma Dergisi, 6 (2), (2017): 41-52.
  • Başak Aray, “Sol Viyana Çevresi: Mantıksal Deneyciliğin Siyaset Felsefesine Bir Bakış”, Felsefe Tartışmaları, 47: (2011): 12-25.
  • Cevizci, Ahmet Cevizci. Felsefe Tarihi Thales'ten Baudrillard'a. (İstanbul: Say, 2009).
  • Don Howard. (2003). “Two left turns make a right: On the curious political career of North American Philosophy of Science at Midcentury”. Logical Empiricism in North America. (Eds. Gary. L. Hardcastle, & Alan. W. Richardson). (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2003).
  • Don Howard, “Better red than dead—Putting an end to the social irrelevance of postwar philosophy of science”, Science & Education, 18(2), (2009): 199–220.
  • Donata Romizi, “The Vienna Circle's SWC: Philosophy of Science on the Political Arena”, Hopos: The Journal of the International Society for the History of Philosophy of Science, 2 (2) (2012): 205-242.
  • Eckehart Köhler, “Metaphysics in the Vienna Circle”, Rediscovering the Forgotten Vienna Circle – Austrian Studies on Otto Neurath and the Vienna Circle Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science, Vol. 133. (Ed. Thomas E. Uebel). (Dordrecht, Boston, London: Kluwer Academic, 1991).
  • Elisabeth Nemeth & Stefan.W. Schmitz & Thomas E., Uebel, Otto Neurath’s Economics in Context. (Springer, 2008).
  • Elisabeth Nemeth. “Otto Neurath’s Utopias—the Will to Hope.” Rediscovering the Forgotten Vienna Circle: Austrian studies on Otto Neurath and the Vienna Circle. (Ed. Thomas. E. Uebel). ( Boston: Kluwer, 1991).
  • Fredrich Stadler, The Vienna Circle: Studies in the Origins, Development and Influence of Logical Empiricism. (Switzerland: Springer International, 2005).
  • Funda Neslioğlu Serin, “Tamamlanmamış Bir Proje Olarak Viyana Çevresi Felsefesi: Düşünsel- Tarihsel Bir Arkaplan Soruşturması”, Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi, 0 (1) (2015): 45-60.
  • George Reisch, “Economist, Epistemologist ... and Censor? On Otto Neurath's Index Verborum Prohibitorum”, Perspectives on Science Vol. 5, No. 3 (1997): 452-480.
  • George Reisch, “Planning Science: Otto Neurath and the International Encyclopedia of Unified Science”, The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 27, (1994): 153–75.
  • George Reisch, “Three Kinds of Political Engagement for Philosophy of Science”, Science & Education, 18 (2009): 191-197.
  • George Reisch, How the Cold War Transformed Philosophy of Science. To the Icy Slopes of Logic. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005).
  • George Reisch, Pluralism, Logical Empiricism, and the Problem of Pseudoscience, Philosophy of Science, Vol. 65, No. 2, (1998), 333-348.
  • George Reisch, Three kinds of political engagement for philosophy of science, Science & Education, (2009), 191-197.
  • Gideon Freudenthal, “Otto Neurath: From Authoritarian Liberalism to Empiricism”. Knowledge and Politics: Case Studies in the Relationship Between Epistemology and Political Philosophy (Eds. Marcelo Dascal and Ora Gruengard). (Boulder: Westview Press, 1989).
  • Günther Sandner, “Political Polyphony Otto Neurath and Politics Reconsidered”. European Philosophy of Science – Philosophy of Science in Europe and the Viennese Heritage Vienna Circle Institute Yearbook, Vol 17. (Eds. Galavotti, M.C., Nemeth, E., Stadler, F.). (Springer, Cham.).
  • Gürol Irzık, “20. Yüzyıl Bilim Felsefesi Tarihini Yeniden Yazmak”. Anlam Kavramı Üzerine Yeni Denemeler. (Eds. Sibel Kibar & Selma A. Bayram & Ayhan Sol.) (Legal Yayıncılık, 2010).
  • Helena Sheehan, Marxism and Philosophy of Science: A Critical History. (London: Humantities Press, 1985).
  • Ivan Ferreira Da Cunha, “The Utopia of Unified Science: The Political Struggle of Otto Neurath and the Vienna Circle”, Principia: An International Journal of Epistemology, 17 (2), (2013): 319–329.
  • Jordi Cat & Adam. T. Tuboly, Neurath Reconsidered. New sources and Perspectives. (Springer Verlag, 2019).
  • Jordi Cat & Nancy Cartwright & Hasok Chang, “Otto Neurath: Unification as the Way to Socialism”, Einheit der Wissenschaften (Eds. J. Mittelstrass). (Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter, 1991).
  • Jordi Cat & Nancy Cartwright, & Hasok Chang, “Otto Neurath: Politics and the Unity of Science.” The Disunity of Science. (Eds. Peter Galison & David Stump. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1996).
  • Jordi Cat, “The Popper-Neurath Debate and Neurath’s Attack on Scientific Method”, Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science, 26(2) (1995): 219–250. Joseph Agassi, “To Salvage Neurath”, Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 28(1) (1998): 83–101.
  • Karl Popper, Conjectures and Refutations: The Growth of Scientific Knowledge. (London, 1969).
  • Kathleen Okruhlik, “Logical empiricism, Feminism, and Neurath’s Auxiliary Motive”, Hypatia 19 (1), (2004): 48–72.
  • Malachi. H. Hacohen, “Karl Popper, the Vienna Circle, and Red Vienna”, Journal of the History of Ideas, Vol. 59, No. 4, (1998): 711-734.
  • Marie Neurath & Robert, S. Cohen, Otto Neurath: Empiricism and Sociology. (Dordrecht-Holland/Boston-USA: D. Reidel Publishing, 1973).
  • Matthew J. Cull, “Engineering is not a luxury: Black feminists and logical positivists on conceptual engineering”, Inquiry, 64:1-2, (2021): 227-248 Michael Turk, Otto Neurath and the History of Economics. (London and New York: Routledge, 2018).
  • Nancy Cartwright & Jordi Cat, “Neurath Against Method”. Origins of Logical Empiricism. (Eds. R. N. Giere, A. W. Richardson. Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science, Vol. XVI). (Minneapolis, London: University of Minnesota, 1996).
  • Nancy Cartwright & Jordi Cat, & Lola Fleck & Thomas E. Uebel, Otto Neurath: Philosophy Between Science and Politics. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996).
  • Nikola Nottelmann, “Otto Neurath on the Structure of Protocol Sentences; A New Approach to an Interpretative Puzzle”, Journal for General Philosophy of Science / Zeitschrift für allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie, Vol. 37, No.1 (2006): 165-186.
  • Oliver Schlaudt, “A Political Meaning of “Scientific Philosophy?” The Case of Edgar Zilsel”, Philosophia Scientiæ, 22-3 (2018): 257-287.
  • Otto Neurath, “An International Encyclopedia of Unified Science”. Philosophical Papers 1918-1946. (Eds. Cohen, R., Sonne, Marie Neurath). (Dordrecht: Reidel. Dordrecht: Reidel, 1936a /1983).
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There are 80 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ahmet Dinçer Çevik 0000-0001-5897-7381

Publication Date December 10, 2022
Submission Date May 15, 2022
Acceptance Date October 6, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Issue: 34

Cite

Chicago Çevik, Ahmet Dinçer. “POLİTİK BİLİM FELSEFESİ TARTIŞMALARINA OTTO NEURATH’IN KATKISI”. FLSF Felsefe Ve Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, no. 34 (December 2022): 249-77. https://doi.org/10.53844/flsf.1117061.

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