DÜNYA VE DİL: DİLSEL GÖRELİLİK DÜŞÜNCESİNİN FELSEFİ DEĞERLENDİRMESİ

Year 2023, Issue: 35, 87 - 112, 20.05.2023

Salime Gülay Doğru , Mehmet Ali Dombaycı

https://doi.org/10.53844/flsf.1244176

Abstract

Bu çalışmada dilin, düşünce üzerinde etkili olduğu iddia eden “dilsel görelilik” Humboldt, Sapir ve Whorf’un düşünceleri üzerinden, dil-düşünce ve dil-kültür ilişkisi açısından, felsefi olarak ele alınmaktadır. Humboldt dil-düşünce ilişkisini “eklemlenme” kavramıyla açıklar. Sapir dili düşüncenin kalıbı olarak kabul edip davranışlarla ilişkisini tartışır. Whorf ise dili kültürel bir fenomen olarak görürken; düşüncenin dilsel olduğunu söyler. Dil-kültür ilişkisinde Humboldt’un açıklamalarına dayanan “dünya görüşü” kavramı önemlidir. Sapir kültürel deneyimi, toplum ve kavram açısından değerlendirir. Whorf ise “kavramsal sistemler ve dilbilgisi kuralları” açısından değerlendirir. Dilsel göreliliğe son şeklini veren Whorf’tur. 1960’lı yıllardan sonra konuyla ilgili çok sayıda deneysel çalışma yapılmıştır. Ancak ortak bir sonuca ulaşamamıştır. Dilin düşünceye etkisi ne doğrulanabilmiştir ne de yanlışlanabilmiştir. Dilsel görelilikle ilgili teorik tartışmalarsa hâlâ sürmektedir. Makalede bu tartışmalardan hareketle önce Humboldt, Sapir ve Whorf’un görüşleri açıklanmış ardından görelilik, nesnellik, dilin dünya deneyimine etkisi gibi konular tartışılmıştır.

Keywords

Dilsel görelilik, Dünya Görüşü, Humboldt, Sapir, Whorf, dil-düşünce ilişkisi, Linguistic relativity, Worldview, language-thought relationship

WORLD AND LANGUAGE: PHILOSOPHICAL ASSESSMENT OF LINGUISTIC RELATIVITY THOUGHT

Abstract

In this article, "linguistic relativity", which claims that language is effective on thought, is discussed philosophically in terms of language-thought and language-culture relations through the thoughts of Humboldt, Sapir and Whorf. Humboldt explains the language-thought relationship with the concept of "articulation". Sapir accepts language as the pattern of thought and discusses its relation with behaviors. Whorf accepts language as a cultural phenomenon; says that thought is linguistic. The concept of "world view" based on Humboldt's explanations is important in the language-culture relationship. Sapir evaluates cultural experience in terms of society and concept. Whorf, on the other hand, evaluates it in terms of "conceptual systems and grammar rules". Whorf gave linguistic relativity its final form. After the 1960s, many experimental studies have been carried out on the subject. However, a common conclusion could not be reached. The effect of language on thought has neither been confirmed nor falsified. Theoric debates on linguistic relativity still continue. In the article, based on these discussions, first Humboldt, Sapir and Whorf's views were explained and then subjects such as relativity, objectivity, and the effect of language on world experience were discussed.

Keywords

Linguistic relativity, Worldview, language-thought relationship, Humboldt, Sapir, Whorf

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