LINGUISTIC TURN

Year 2024, Issue: 39, 143 - 166, 16.12.2024

Azmi Aydın

https://doi.org/10.53844/flsf.1515164

Abstract

The term linguistic turn was coined by Bergmann in the 1950s. This term is associated with the Vienna Circle, which emerged at the beginning of the twentieth century, and Wittgenstein's work Tractatus. The term linguistic turn basically indicates that the problems of philosophy are linguistic and that their analysis will be done through the logical analysis of language. However, in this period, there was a movement with political tendencies that emphasized the methods of natural sciences, against the orthodox and conservative understandings of science and philosophy symbolized by Mach, which developed before Wittgenstein and influenced him as well. Over time, this movement transformed into the Vienna Circle, which aimed to purify science and philosophy from metaphysics and theology. This tendency is also present in Wittgenstein's work called Tractatus. Moreover, there are two different views on the beginning of linguistic transformation. The first group sees Wittgenstein, while Dummett, for example, sees Frege. This article tries to reveal the origin of the term linguistic turn, how and in what way it emerged, and searches for new research opportunities in terms of philosophy of language.

Keywords

Linguistic turn, philosophy of language, logical positivism, Vienna Circle, scientific philosophy

DİLBİLİMSEL DÖNÜŞ

Abstract

Dilbilimsel dönüş terimi, 1950’lerde ilk kez Bergmann tarafından dile getirilmiştir. Bu terim, yirminci yüzyılın başında ortaya çıkan Viyana Çevresi ve Wittgenstein’ın Tractatus adlı çalışması ile ilişkilendirilmektedir. Dilbilimsel dönüş terimi, temel olarak, felsefenin problemlerinin dilsel olduğu ve bunların çözümlenmesinin de dilin mantıksal analiziyle yapılacağını işaret eder. Ancak, bu dönemde Wittgenstein’dan önce gelişen ve onu da etkileyen Mach ile simgeleşmiş ortodoks ve muhafazakar bilim ve felsefe anlayışlarına karşı, doga bilimlerinin yöntemlerini öne çıkaran, siyasal eğilimleri de olan bir akım söz konusudur. Bu akım zamanla, bilim ve felsefeyi metafizik ve teolojiden temizlemeyi amaç edinen Viyana Çevresine dönüşmüştür. Wittgenstein’ın Tractatus adlı eserinde de bu akımın etkisi söz konusudur. Ayrıca, dilbilimsel dönüşümün başlangıcı konusunda iki farklı görüş vardır. İlk grup, Wittgenstein’ı görürken, örneğin Dummett Frege’yi görür. Bu makalemiz, dilbilimsel dönüş teriminin kökenini, nasıl ve ne şekilde ortaya çıktığını ortaya koymaya çalışmakta ve dil felsefesi açısından yeni araştırma olanaklarını aramaktadır.

Keywords

Dilbilimsel dönüş, dil felsefesi, mantıksal olguculuk, Viyana Çevresi, bilimsel felsefe

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