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BRUNO LATOUR: AĞLAR ARACILIĞIYLA YENİ BİR ONTOLOJİYE YÖNELMEK

Year 2025, Issue: 41, 125 - 150, 15.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.53844/flsf.1703115

Abstract

Bruno Latour’a göre modernitenin varsayımları ile dünyayı anlamlandırmak pek çok ekolojik ve politik sorunun temelini oluşturmaktadır. Ona göre doğa ile kültür, özne ile nesne gibi ikili kategoriler aslında birbirine geçmiş dinamik süreçlerdir. Modern düşünce bu ayrımları sabit gerçeklikler gibi ele alırken, Latour bunların yapay sınırlar olduğunu öne sürer. Bruno Latour Aktör-Ağ Teorisi ile dünyayı yalnızca insanlar üzerinden değil, insan olmayan varlıkların da dahil olduğu geniş bir ağ olarak düşünmeyi önerir. Nesneler ve doğal unsurlar, insanın eylemlerine pasif bir zemin oluşturmak yerine sosyal yapıları ve çevresel süreçleri doğrudan etkileyen etkin varlıklar olarak işlev görür. Bu çalışma Bruno Latour’un modernite eleştirisini ve doğa-toplum ayrımını yeniden düşünme çağrısını merkeze alarak, onun geliştirdiği yeni ontoloji anlayışını analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu doğrultuda öncelikle Latour’un toplumsalın oluşumunu yeniden ele alan “ortaklıklar sosyolojisi” yaklaşımı incelenecek ardından söz konusu yaklaşımın yalnız insan merkezci bir sosyal teoriyle sınırlı kalmayıp insan olmayan aktörlerin de politik süreçlerin bir parçası olarak ele alınmasını öneren politik ekoloji anlayışı ele alınacaktır. Son olarak Latour’un Gaia hipotezine getirdiği yorum ve ekolojik krizleri kavramak açısından sunduğu bakış açısı serimlenecektir. Böylece Latour’un “ağlar aracılığıyla yeni bir ontolojiye yönelme” fikrinin toplumsal ve ekolojik olarak sunduğu perspektif değerlendirilecektir.

References

  • Canaslan, Eylem. “Bilim Felsefesine Ekolojik Bir Yaklaşım: Bruno Latour’un Çoğulcu Kavramları”, Felsefi Düşün Akademik Felsefe Dergisi, Sayı:17/Felsefe ve Bilim, Ekim (2021): 68-91.
  • Clarke, Bruce. “Rethinking Gaia”, Educational Philosophy and Theory, 51, no 2 (2019): 1–24.
  • Çelik, Ezgi Ece. “Val Plumwood ve Animist Materyalizm”, ViraVerita E-Dergi, Sayı 5, (2017): 71-86.
  • De Vries, Gerard. Bruno Latour, 1. Baskı, Cambridge: Polity press, 2016.
  • Durkheim, Émile. The Rules of Sociological Method, New York: Free Press, 1966
  • Güler, Öner. “Yeni Ontolojik Arayışlar ve Nesne Yönelimli Ontoloji: Graham Harman’ın Perspektifi”, Beytulhikme Int J Phil 15 (1), (2025): 1-28.
  • Haraway, Donna. Staying with the Trouble: Making Kin in the Chthulucene. Durham, London: Duke University Press, 2016,
  • Harman, Graham. “The Importance of Bruno Latour for Philosophy,” Cultural Studies Review 13, no 1, (2007): 31-49.
  • Harman,Graham. Prince of Networks. 1. Baskı. Melbourne: Re.press, 2009.
  • Hesiodos. Theogonia - İşler ve Günler, 5. Basım, İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, İstanbul, 2019.
  • Latour, Bruno. We Have Never Been Modern. 1. Baskı. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1993.
  • Latour, Bruno. The Pasteurization of France, Cambridge, London: Harvard University Press, 1993.
  • Latour, Bruno. “On actor-network theory. A few clarifications plus more than a few complications,” Soziale Welt, no 47 (1996): 369-381.
  • Latour, Bruno. “To modernize or to ecologize? That’s the question”, içinde Remaking Reality: Nature at the Millenium, ed. N. Castree ve B. Willems-Braun, London ve New York: Routledge, 1998, 221-242.
  • Latour, Bruno. “On Recalling ANT”, The Sociological Review 47, no 1 (1999): 15-25.
  • Latour, Bruno. Pandora’s Hope, 1. Baskı, Cambridge, London: Harvard University Press, 1999.
  • Latour, Bruno. Politics of Nature, 1. Baskı, Cambridge, London: Harvard University Press, 2004.
  • Latour, Bruno. Biz Hiç Modern Olmadık, 1. Baskı, Norgunk Yayıncılık, İstanbul, 2008.
  • Latour, Bruno. “Coming out as a Philosopher”, Social Studies of Science 40, no 4 (2010): 599-608.
  • Latour, Bruno. “An Attempt at a ‘Compositionist Manifesto’”, New Literary History, no 41 (2010): 471–490.
  • Latour, Bruno. “On Interobjectivity”, Mind, Culture, and Activity 3, no 4 (2010): 228-245.
  • Latour, Bruno. “Agency at the Time of the Anthropocene”, New Literary History 45, no 1 (2014): 1-18.
  • Latour, Bruno. Facing Gaia: Eight Lectures on the New Climatic Regime., Cam-bridge: Polity Press, 2017.
  • Latour, Bruno. Down to Earth: Politics in the New Climatic Regime, Cambridge: Polity Press, 2018.
  • Latour, Bruno. Toplumsalı Yeniden Toplama: Aktör-Ağ Teorisine Bir Giriş. 1. Baskı, İstanbul: Tellekt Yayınları, 2021.
  • Latour, Bruno ve Steve Woolgar, Laboratory Life: The Construction of Scientific Facts, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986.
  • Lovelock, James. Gaia: A new Look at Life on Earth, 4. Basım, Oxford: Oxford UP, 2000.
  • Lovelock, James. “The Living Earth”, Nature, 426 (18/25 Aralık), (2003): 769–770.
  • Lovelock, James ve Lynn Margulis. “Atmospheric homeostasis by and for the biosphere -The Gaia hypothesis”. Tellus, sayı 26/1 (1974): 2-10.
  • Marx, Karl ve Friedrich Engels, Alman İdeolojisi, İstanbul: Evrensel Basım Yayın, 2013.
  • Nail, Thomas. Theory of the Object, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2021.
  • Stratford, Robert. “Educational philosophy, ecology and the Anthropocene,” Educational Philosophy and Theory, 51, no 2 (2019): 149–152.
  • Stengers, Isabelle. “Accepting the Reality of Gaia: A fundamental shift?” içinde The Anthropocene and the Global Environmental Crisis: Rethinking Modernity, ed. Hamilton C., Bonneuil C., Ge-menne, F., New York: Routledge, 2015.
  • Tyrrell, Toby. On Gaia. A Critical Investigation of the Relationship between Life and Earth, 1. Baskı, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2013.
  • Weber, Max. The Theory of Social and Economic Organization, Free Press, New York, 1947.
  • Whitehead, Alfred North. Doğa ve Yaşam, Öteki Yayınevi, İstanbul, 2018.
  • Wolfe, Cary. “What ‘The Animal’ Can Teach the Anthropocene?” Angelaki 25 (3)(2020): 131-145.
  • Žukauskaitė, Audronė. “Gaia Theory: Between Autopoiesis and Sympoiesis,” Problemos, vol. 98, (2020): 141-153.
  • İnternet Kaynakları “Saving the Whanganui: can personhood rescue a river?”, Erişim Tarihi: 31.01.25. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/nov/30/saving-the-whanganui-can-personhood-rescue-a-river “İnsanın Çevre Hakkından Doğanın Haklarına Ekolojik Anayasa”, Erişim Tarihi: 31.01.25. https://www.ekoiq.com/insanin-cevre-hakkindan-doganin-haklarina-ekolojik-anayasa/

BRUNO LATOUR: MOVING TOWARDS A NEW ONTOLOGY THROUGH NETWORKS

Year 2025, Issue: 41, 125 - 150, 15.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.53844/flsf.1703115

Abstract

According to Bruno Latour, making sense of the world with the assumptions of modernity is at the root of many ecological and political problems. According to him, binary categories such as nature and culture, subject and object, are in fact intertwined dynamic processes. While modern thought treats these distinctions as fixed realities, Latour argues that they are artificial boundaries. With his Actor-Network Theory, Bruno Latour proposes to think of the world not only in terms of human beings but also as a vast network that includes non-human beings. Objects and natural elements function as active entities that directly influence social structures and environmental processes, rather than providing a passive backdrop for human actions. This study aims to analyze Bruno Latour's critique of modernity and his call for a rethinking of the nature-society distinction by focusing on his new understanding of ontology. To this end, we will first examine Latour's “sociology of partnerships” approach, which reconsiders the formation of the social, and then we will discuss his political ecology approach, which is not limited to an anthropocentric social theory but also proposes that non-human actors should be considered as part of political processes. Finally, Latour's interpretation of the Gaia hypothesis and his perspective on ecological crises will be presented. Thus, the social and ecological perspective of Latour's idea of “turning towards a new ontology through networks” will be evaluated.

References

  • Canaslan, Eylem. “Bilim Felsefesine Ekolojik Bir Yaklaşım: Bruno Latour’un Çoğulcu Kavramları”, Felsefi Düşün Akademik Felsefe Dergisi, Sayı:17/Felsefe ve Bilim, Ekim (2021): 68-91.
  • Clarke, Bruce. “Rethinking Gaia”, Educational Philosophy and Theory, 51, no 2 (2019): 1–24.
  • Çelik, Ezgi Ece. “Val Plumwood ve Animist Materyalizm”, ViraVerita E-Dergi, Sayı 5, (2017): 71-86.
  • De Vries, Gerard. Bruno Latour, 1. Baskı, Cambridge: Polity press, 2016.
  • Durkheim, Émile. The Rules of Sociological Method, New York: Free Press, 1966
  • Güler, Öner. “Yeni Ontolojik Arayışlar ve Nesne Yönelimli Ontoloji: Graham Harman’ın Perspektifi”, Beytulhikme Int J Phil 15 (1), (2025): 1-28.
  • Haraway, Donna. Staying with the Trouble: Making Kin in the Chthulucene. Durham, London: Duke University Press, 2016,
  • Harman, Graham. “The Importance of Bruno Latour for Philosophy,” Cultural Studies Review 13, no 1, (2007): 31-49.
  • Harman,Graham. Prince of Networks. 1. Baskı. Melbourne: Re.press, 2009.
  • Hesiodos. Theogonia - İşler ve Günler, 5. Basım, İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, İstanbul, 2019.
  • Latour, Bruno. We Have Never Been Modern. 1. Baskı. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1993.
  • Latour, Bruno. The Pasteurization of France, Cambridge, London: Harvard University Press, 1993.
  • Latour, Bruno. “On actor-network theory. A few clarifications plus more than a few complications,” Soziale Welt, no 47 (1996): 369-381.
  • Latour, Bruno. “To modernize or to ecologize? That’s the question”, içinde Remaking Reality: Nature at the Millenium, ed. N. Castree ve B. Willems-Braun, London ve New York: Routledge, 1998, 221-242.
  • Latour, Bruno. “On Recalling ANT”, The Sociological Review 47, no 1 (1999): 15-25.
  • Latour, Bruno. Pandora’s Hope, 1. Baskı, Cambridge, London: Harvard University Press, 1999.
  • Latour, Bruno. Politics of Nature, 1. Baskı, Cambridge, London: Harvard University Press, 2004.
  • Latour, Bruno. Biz Hiç Modern Olmadık, 1. Baskı, Norgunk Yayıncılık, İstanbul, 2008.
  • Latour, Bruno. “Coming out as a Philosopher”, Social Studies of Science 40, no 4 (2010): 599-608.
  • Latour, Bruno. “An Attempt at a ‘Compositionist Manifesto’”, New Literary History, no 41 (2010): 471–490.
  • Latour, Bruno. “On Interobjectivity”, Mind, Culture, and Activity 3, no 4 (2010): 228-245.
  • Latour, Bruno. “Agency at the Time of the Anthropocene”, New Literary History 45, no 1 (2014): 1-18.
  • Latour, Bruno. Facing Gaia: Eight Lectures on the New Climatic Regime., Cam-bridge: Polity Press, 2017.
  • Latour, Bruno. Down to Earth: Politics in the New Climatic Regime, Cambridge: Polity Press, 2018.
  • Latour, Bruno. Toplumsalı Yeniden Toplama: Aktör-Ağ Teorisine Bir Giriş. 1. Baskı, İstanbul: Tellekt Yayınları, 2021.
  • Latour, Bruno ve Steve Woolgar, Laboratory Life: The Construction of Scientific Facts, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986.
  • Lovelock, James. Gaia: A new Look at Life on Earth, 4. Basım, Oxford: Oxford UP, 2000.
  • Lovelock, James. “The Living Earth”, Nature, 426 (18/25 Aralık), (2003): 769–770.
  • Lovelock, James ve Lynn Margulis. “Atmospheric homeostasis by and for the biosphere -The Gaia hypothesis”. Tellus, sayı 26/1 (1974): 2-10.
  • Marx, Karl ve Friedrich Engels, Alman İdeolojisi, İstanbul: Evrensel Basım Yayın, 2013.
  • Nail, Thomas. Theory of the Object, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2021.
  • Stratford, Robert. “Educational philosophy, ecology and the Anthropocene,” Educational Philosophy and Theory, 51, no 2 (2019): 149–152.
  • Stengers, Isabelle. “Accepting the Reality of Gaia: A fundamental shift?” içinde The Anthropocene and the Global Environmental Crisis: Rethinking Modernity, ed. Hamilton C., Bonneuil C., Ge-menne, F., New York: Routledge, 2015.
  • Tyrrell, Toby. On Gaia. A Critical Investigation of the Relationship between Life and Earth, 1. Baskı, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2013.
  • Weber, Max. The Theory of Social and Economic Organization, Free Press, New York, 1947.
  • Whitehead, Alfred North. Doğa ve Yaşam, Öteki Yayınevi, İstanbul, 2018.
  • Wolfe, Cary. “What ‘The Animal’ Can Teach the Anthropocene?” Angelaki 25 (3)(2020): 131-145.
  • Žukauskaitė, Audronė. “Gaia Theory: Between Autopoiesis and Sympoiesis,” Problemos, vol. 98, (2020): 141-153.
  • İnternet Kaynakları “Saving the Whanganui: can personhood rescue a river?”, Erişim Tarihi: 31.01.25. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/nov/30/saving-the-whanganui-can-personhood-rescue-a-river “İnsanın Çevre Hakkından Doğanın Haklarına Ekolojik Anayasa”, Erişim Tarihi: 31.01.25. https://www.ekoiq.com/insanin-cevre-hakkindan-doganin-haklarina-ekolojik-anayasa/
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Ontology, 21st Century Philosophy
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Ezgi Deniz Feslioğlu 0000-0002-3149-0087

Publication Date September 15, 2025
Submission Date May 20, 2025
Acceptance Date August 1, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Issue: 41

Cite

Chicago Feslioğlu, Ezgi Deniz. “BRUNO LATOUR: AĞLAR ARACILIĞIYLA YENİ BİR ONTOLOJİYE YÖNELMEK”. FLSF Felsefe Ve Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, no. 41 (September 2025): 125-50. https://doi.org/10.53844/flsf.1703115.

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