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WHAT DID THALES DO? THE BIRTH OF PHILOSOPHY, DEMONSTRATION AND PERSUASION

Year 2025, Issue: 40, 1 - 26, 28.05.2025
https://doi.org/10.53844/flsf.1636029

Abstract

Most of the books on the history of ancient philosophy regard Thales as the first philosopher based on Aristotle’s testimony. However, against this view, some argue that the idea that Thales is the first philosopher emerged with 18th-century historiography of philosophy, that the origins of philosophy actually go further back, and that Aristotle not only suggested that philosophy began within the Greek mythopoetic tradition but also acknowledged its non-Greek roots. The aim of this article is to demonstrate that the image of Thales as the founder of philosophy can be found in early periods of the history of philosophy whilst taking into account the methodological problems that arise when investigating the origins of philosophy. To this aim, I will first review Aristotle’s reports on Thales, mythological cosmology and natural philosophy. Then, I will examine texts from ancient Greek philosophy, as well as from Christian and Islamic philosophical traditions, in which Thales is recognized as the first philosopher. Consequently, I will argue that the intellectual activity that began with Thales differs from previous modes of thought since the former is based on reasoning and aims at persuasion.

References

  • Platon: Theaitetos. Akar, Birdal, çeviren. İstanbul: Bilgesu Yayıncılık, 2017.
  • Arslan, Ahmet. İlkçağ Felsefe Tarihi 1: Sokrates-Öncesi Yunan Felsefesi. İstanbul: Alfa Yayınları, 2023. Barnes, Jonathan. Early Greek Philosophy. London: Penguin, 1987.
  • Brun, Jean. Les présocratiques. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1968.
  • Cantor, Lea. “Thales – the ‘First Philosopher’? A Troubled Chapter in the Historiography of Philosophy,” British Journal for the History of Philosophy 30, no 5 (2022): 727–50. doi: 10.1080/09608788.2022.2029347.
  • Cevizci, Ahmet. İlkçağ Felsefesi. 10. Baskı. İstanbul: Say Yayınları, 2016.
  • Burnet, John. Early Greek Philosophy. 4. Baskı. London: Adam and Charles Black, 1930.
  • Cornford, Francis M. From Religion to Philosophy. London: Edward Arnold, 1912.
  • Cohen, S. Marc, Curd, Patricia ve Reeve, C. D. C. Readings in Ancient Greek Philosophy: From Thales to Aristotle. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, 2011.
  • Dürüşken, Çiğdem. Antikçağ Felsefesi. İstanbul: Alfa Yayınevi, 2014.
  • Frede, Micheal. Essays in Ancient Philosophy. Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press, 1987.
  • Fowler, Robert L. “Mythos and Logos.” The Journal of Hellenic Studies 131 (2011): 45–66. doi: 10.1017/S0075426911000048.
  • Graham, Daniel W., editör. The Texts of Early Greek Philosophy: The Complete Fragments and Selected Testimonies of the Major Presocratics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.
  • Graves, Robert. The Greek Myths: The Complete and Definitive Edition Complete and Definitive Edition. St. Ives: Penguin Books, 2017.
  • Grayling, A. C. The History of Philosophy: Three Millenia of Thought from the West and Beyond. London: Penguin Books, 2019.
  • Gökberk, Macit. Felsefe Tarihi. İstanbul: Remzi Kitapevi, 1961.
  • Laks, André. The Concept of Presocratic Philosophy: Its Origin, Development, and Significance. Çeviren Glenn W. Most. Princeton; Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2018.
  • Laurent, Jérôme ve Pradeau, Jean-François. “L'École de Milet: Thalès, Anaximandre, Anaximène.” İçinde Lire les présocratiques, editörler Luc Brisson, Arnaud Macé, Anne-Laure Therme, 99-119. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 2010.
  • Long, A. A. “The Scope of Early Greek Philosophy.” İçinde The Cambridge Companion to Early Greek Philosophy, editör A. A. Long, 1-21. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
  • Moore, Christopher. Calling Philosophers Names: On the Origin of a Discipline. Princeton ve Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2020.
  • Normore, Calvin G. “Doxology and the History of Philosophy.” Canadian Journal of Philosophy Supplementary Volume 16 (1990): 203–26. Doi: 10.1080/00455091.1990.10717226
  • Rescher, Nicholas. “Philosophy as Rational Systematization”. İçinde The Cambridge Companion to Philosophical Methodology, editörler G. D’Oro ve S. Overgaard. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 32-43, 2017.
  • Robin, Léon. La Pensée grecque: et les origines de l'esprit scientifique. Paris: La Renaissance Du Livre, 1932.
  • Aristoteles: Metafizik. Sev, Y. Gurur, çeviren. İstanbul: Pinhan Yayıncılık, 2015.
  • Diogenes Laertios: Ünlü Filozofların Yaşamları ve Öğretileri. Şentuna, Candan, çeviren. İstanbul: YKY Yayınları, 2003.
  • Theodor, Gomperz. Greek Thinkers: A History of Greek Philosophy, 1. Cilt. Çeviren Laurie Magnus. London: William Clowes and Sons Limited, 1903.
  • Warren, James, “Diogenes Laërtius, Biographer of Philosophy”. İçinde Ordering Knowledge in the Roman Empire, editör Jason König ve Tim Whitmarsh, 133-49. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
  • Warren, James. Presocratics. New York: Routledge, 2014.
  • Westerink, L. G. Anonymous Prolegomena to Platonic Philosophy. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Co., 1962. Wöhrle, Georg, McKirahan, Richard D., Strohmaier, Gotthard ve Alwishah, Ahmed, editörler. The Milesians: Thales.
  • Berlin: De Gruyter, 2014.

THALES NE YAPTI? FELSEFENİN DOĞUŞU, KANITLAMA VE İKNA

Year 2025, Issue: 40, 1 - 26, 28.05.2025
https://doi.org/10.53844/flsf.1636029

Abstract

Bugün çoğu antikçağ felsefesi tarihi kitabını açtığımızda, Aristoteles’in de tanıklığına dayanarak Thales’in ilk filozof olarak kabul edildiğini görürüz. Ancak bu görüşe karşı çıkanlar Thales’in ilk filozof olduğu fikrinin 18. yüzyıl felsefe tarihi yazımıyla ortaya çıktığını, aslında felsefenin kökenlerinin daha geriye dayandığını, Aristoteles’in bile felsefenin Yunan mitopoetik geleneğinde başladığını değil, felsefenin Yunan-olmayan kökleri olduğu savunduğunu iddia ederler. Bu makalenin amacı felsefenin kökeninin araştırılmasının karşılaşacağı metodolojik problemleri dikkate alarak, Thales’in felsefenin kurucusu olduğu fikrinin felsefe tarihinin erken dönemlerinde bulunabileceğini göstermektir. Bunu yapmak için, ilk olarak Aristoteles’in Thales, mitolojik kozmoloji ve doğa felsefesi arasındaki fark hakkında söylediklerini gözden geçirip, ardından antikçağ Yunan felsefesi, Hristiyan ve İslam felsefe geleneklerinde Thales’in ilk filozof olarak kabul edildiği metinlerden örnekler vereceğim. Sonuçta, Thales’le başlayan etkinliğin kendinden önceki düşünme biçimlerinden farklı olarak kanıtlama ve ikna etmeye dayalı olduğunu göstermeye çalışacağım.

Thanks

Bu makale daha önce Noksan Felsefe tarafından düzenlenen bir etkinlikte sunulmuştur. Katkıları için dinleyicilere teşekkür ederim.

References

  • Platon: Theaitetos. Akar, Birdal, çeviren. İstanbul: Bilgesu Yayıncılık, 2017.
  • Arslan, Ahmet. İlkçağ Felsefe Tarihi 1: Sokrates-Öncesi Yunan Felsefesi. İstanbul: Alfa Yayınları, 2023. Barnes, Jonathan. Early Greek Philosophy. London: Penguin, 1987.
  • Brun, Jean. Les présocratiques. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1968.
  • Cantor, Lea. “Thales – the ‘First Philosopher’? A Troubled Chapter in the Historiography of Philosophy,” British Journal for the History of Philosophy 30, no 5 (2022): 727–50. doi: 10.1080/09608788.2022.2029347.
  • Cevizci, Ahmet. İlkçağ Felsefesi. 10. Baskı. İstanbul: Say Yayınları, 2016.
  • Burnet, John. Early Greek Philosophy. 4. Baskı. London: Adam and Charles Black, 1930.
  • Cornford, Francis M. From Religion to Philosophy. London: Edward Arnold, 1912.
  • Cohen, S. Marc, Curd, Patricia ve Reeve, C. D. C. Readings in Ancient Greek Philosophy: From Thales to Aristotle. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, 2011.
  • Dürüşken, Çiğdem. Antikçağ Felsefesi. İstanbul: Alfa Yayınevi, 2014.
  • Frede, Micheal. Essays in Ancient Philosophy. Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press, 1987.
  • Fowler, Robert L. “Mythos and Logos.” The Journal of Hellenic Studies 131 (2011): 45–66. doi: 10.1017/S0075426911000048.
  • Graham, Daniel W., editör. The Texts of Early Greek Philosophy: The Complete Fragments and Selected Testimonies of the Major Presocratics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.
  • Graves, Robert. The Greek Myths: The Complete and Definitive Edition Complete and Definitive Edition. St. Ives: Penguin Books, 2017.
  • Grayling, A. C. The History of Philosophy: Three Millenia of Thought from the West and Beyond. London: Penguin Books, 2019.
  • Gökberk, Macit. Felsefe Tarihi. İstanbul: Remzi Kitapevi, 1961.
  • Laks, André. The Concept of Presocratic Philosophy: Its Origin, Development, and Significance. Çeviren Glenn W. Most. Princeton; Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2018.
  • Laurent, Jérôme ve Pradeau, Jean-François. “L'École de Milet: Thalès, Anaximandre, Anaximène.” İçinde Lire les présocratiques, editörler Luc Brisson, Arnaud Macé, Anne-Laure Therme, 99-119. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 2010.
  • Long, A. A. “The Scope of Early Greek Philosophy.” İçinde The Cambridge Companion to Early Greek Philosophy, editör A. A. Long, 1-21. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
  • Moore, Christopher. Calling Philosophers Names: On the Origin of a Discipline. Princeton ve Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2020.
  • Normore, Calvin G. “Doxology and the History of Philosophy.” Canadian Journal of Philosophy Supplementary Volume 16 (1990): 203–26. Doi: 10.1080/00455091.1990.10717226
  • Rescher, Nicholas. “Philosophy as Rational Systematization”. İçinde The Cambridge Companion to Philosophical Methodology, editörler G. D’Oro ve S. Overgaard. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 32-43, 2017.
  • Robin, Léon. La Pensée grecque: et les origines de l'esprit scientifique. Paris: La Renaissance Du Livre, 1932.
  • Aristoteles: Metafizik. Sev, Y. Gurur, çeviren. İstanbul: Pinhan Yayıncılık, 2015.
  • Diogenes Laertios: Ünlü Filozofların Yaşamları ve Öğretileri. Şentuna, Candan, çeviren. İstanbul: YKY Yayınları, 2003.
  • Theodor, Gomperz. Greek Thinkers: A History of Greek Philosophy, 1. Cilt. Çeviren Laurie Magnus. London: William Clowes and Sons Limited, 1903.
  • Warren, James, “Diogenes Laërtius, Biographer of Philosophy”. İçinde Ordering Knowledge in the Roman Empire, editör Jason König ve Tim Whitmarsh, 133-49. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
  • Warren, James. Presocratics. New York: Routledge, 2014.
  • Westerink, L. G. Anonymous Prolegomena to Platonic Philosophy. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Co., 1962. Wöhrle, Georg, McKirahan, Richard D., Strohmaier, Gotthard ve Alwishah, Ahmed, editörler. The Milesians: Thales.
  • Berlin: De Gruyter, 2014.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Ancient Philosophy
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Tonguç Seferoğlu 0000-0001-8604-7851

Publication Date May 28, 2025
Submission Date February 8, 2025
Acceptance Date April 21, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Issue: 40

Cite

Chicago Seferoğlu, Tonguç. “THALES NE YAPTI? FELSEFENİN DOĞUŞU, KANITLAMA VE İKNA”. FLSF Felsefe Ve Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, no. 40 (May 2025): 1-26. https://doi.org/10.53844/flsf.1636029.

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