A review on antimicrobial activities of some culinary herbs and spices against Staphylococcus aureus

Year 2022, , 75 - 85, 30.08.2022

Didem Berber , Orçun Toksöz , İpek Türkmenoğlu , Cenk Sesal

https://doi.org/10.51753/flsrt.1083093

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Food safety is of great importance all over the world as it concerns consumer health. All employees in the food chain must comply with the hygiene rules. One of the important issues that threaten food safety is contamination with microorganisms. Numerous people are affected by contaminated and/or poorly preserved food and outbreaks have occurred. The World Health Organization (WHO) draws attention to human health and economic losses in this respect. From ancient times, herbs and spices are utilized in Türkiye and various parts of world to enhance the flavor of food and their sensory properties. It is also possible to prevent the development of Staphylococcus aureus, which causes food poisoning, thanks to the antibacterial properties of culinary herbs or spices. Thus, using natural antimicrobial substances from spices and herbs may be an alternative for inhibition/elimination of growth of S. aureus extending the shelf life without synthetic preservatives. This review aims to explain foodborne diseases and their global burden, staphylococcal food poisoning, natural antimicrobials, some edible herbs in Türkiye: their culinary uses and antibacterial efficacy against S. aureus.

Keywords

Antimicrobial, culinary herbs and spices, food poisoning, Staphylococcus aureus

References

• Abdolshahi, A., Naybandi-Atashi, S., Heydari-Majd, M., Salehi, B., Kobarfard, F., Ayatollahi, S. A., ... & Sharifi-Rad, J. (2018). Antibacterial activity of some Lamiaceae species against Staphylococcus aureus in yoghurt-based drink (Doogh). Cellular and Molecular Biology, 64(8), 71-77.
• Abraham, A. O., Abdulazeez, A. K., Seun, O. O., & Ogonna, D. W. (2019). Antimicrobial activity of N-hexane extract of Nigella sativa against some pathogenic bacteria. American Journal of Biomedical Research, 6(5), 430-434.
• Aguilar‐Meléndez, A., Morrell, P. L., Roose, M. L., & Kim, S. C. (2009). Genetic diversity and structure in semiwild and domesticated chiles (Capsicum annuum; Solanaceae) from Mexico. American Journal of Botany, 96(6), 1190-1202.
• Alp, E., & Aksu, M. I. (2010). Effects of water extract of Urtica dioica L. and modified atmosphere packaging on the shelf life of ground beef. Meat Science, 86(2), 468-473.
• Amjad, L., & Alizad, Z. (2012). Antibacterial activity of the Chenopodium album leaves and flowers extract. International Journal of Medical and Biological Sciences, 6, 71-74.
• Apuhan, A. K., & Beyazkaya, T. (2019). Bingöl’ün yenilebilir yabani bitkilerinin gastronomi turizmine etkisi üzerine bir araştırma. Tourism and Recreation, 1(1), 31-37.
• Argudín, M. Á., Mendoza, M. C., & Rodicio, M. R. (2010). Food poisoning and Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins. Toxins, 2(7), 1751-1773.
• Asadi-Samani, M., Rafieian-Kopaei, M., & Azimi, N. (2013). Gundelia: a systematic review of medicinal and molecular perspective. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 16(21), 1238-1247.
• Atalay, A. I., & Kamalak, A. (2019). Olgunlaşma dönemlerinin sirken (Chenopodium album) otunun kimyasal kompozisyonuna, besleme değerine ve metan üretimine etkisi. Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(3), 489-493.
• Ayoubi, B., Darvishi, S., & Mirahmadi, F. (2016). Antibacterial properties of Kurdistan Gundelia tournefortii ethanolic extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Food Hygiene, 6(2) (22), 73-83.
• Babuskin, S., Babu, P. A. S., Sasikala, M., Sabina, K., Archana, G., Sivarajan, M., & Sukumar, M. (2014). Antimicrobial and antioxidant effects of spice extracts on the shelf life extension of raw chicken meat. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 171, 32-40.
• Bacon, K., Boyer, R., Denbow, C., O'Keefe, S., Neilson, A., & Williams, R. (2017). Antibacterial activity of jalapeño pepper (Capsicum annuum var. annuum) extract fractions against select foodborne pathogens. Food Science & Nutrition, 5(3), 730-738.
• Baenas, N., Belović, M., Ilic, N., Moreno, D. A., & García-Viguera, C. (2019). Industrial use of pepper (Capsicum annum L.) derived products: Technological benefits and biological advantages. Food Chemistry, 274, 872-885.
• Bati, B., Celik, I., Vuran, N. E., Turan, A., Alkan, E. E., & Zirek, A. K. (2021). Effects of Gundelia tournefortii L. on biochemical parameters, antioxidant activities and DNA damage in a rat model of experimental obesity. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 83.
• Bennett, S. D., Walsh, K. A., & Gould, L. H. (2013). Foodborne disease outbreaks caused by Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens, and Staphylococcus aureus—United States, 1998–2008. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 57(3), 425-433.
• Bhunia, A. K. (2018). Staphylococcus aureus. In: Bhunia A. K (ed) Foodborne Microbial Pathogens, Food Science Text Series (pp. 181-192). Springer, New York.
• Bondi, M., Lauková, A., de Niederhausern, S., Messi, P., & Papadopoulou, C. (2017). Natural preservatives to improve food quality and safety. Journal of Food Quality, 2017, 1-3.
• Bussmann, R. W., Malca-García, G., Glenn, A., Sharon, D., Chait, G., Díaz, D., ... & Benito, M. (2010). Minimum inhibitory concentrations of medicinal plants used in Northern Peru as antibacterial remedies. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 132(1), 101-108.
• Caser, M., Demasi, S., Stelluti, S., Donno, D., & Scariot, V. (2020). Crocus sativus L. cultivation in alpine environments: Stigmas and tepals as source of Bioactive Compounds. Agronomy, 10(10), 1473.
• CDC, (2018). Official Website of The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Estimates of foodborne illness in the United States, https://www.cdc.gov/foodborneburden/index.html, Last Accessed on November, 2018.
• CDC, (2021). Official Website of The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC and Food Safety, https://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/cdc-and-food safety.html#:~:text=Foodborne%20illness%20is%20a%20common,than%20%2415.6%20billion%20each%20year, Last Accessed on June, 2021.
• Celikler, O. O., Baki, K. E., Erdogan, O. I., & Kahraman, A. (2020). Erodium L’HER. (dönbaba/iğnelik). Türk Farmakope Dergisi, 5(1), 58-80.
• Cetinkaya, N., & Yildiz, S. (2018). Erzurum’un yenilebilir otları ve yemeklerde kullanım şekillerine yönelik bir araştırma. Güncel Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2, 482-503.
• Ceylan, F., & Akar Sahingoz, S. (2019). Yenilebilir otlar tüketim alışkanlığı: Düziçi örneği. Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, 7(3), 2204-2225.
• Ceylan, S., Cetin, S., Camadan, Y., Saral, O., Ozsen, O., & Tutus, A. (2019). Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of traditional medicinal plants from the Erzurum region of Turkey. Irish Journal of Medical Science (1971-), 188(4), 1303-1309.
• Chaieb, K., Kouidhi, B., Jrah, H., Mahdouani, K., & Bakhrouf, A. (2011). Antibacterial activity of Thymoquinone, an active principle of Nigella sativa and its potency to prevent bacterial biofilm formation. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 11(1), 1-6.
• Chakraborty, M., Afrin, T., & Munshi, S. K. (2020). Microbiological quality and antimicrobial potential of extracts of different spices. Food Research, 4(2), 375-379.
• Chilczuk, B., Marciniak, B., Kontek, R., & Materska, M. (2021). Diversity of the chemical profile and biological activity of Capsicum annuum L. extracts in relation to their lipophilicity. Molecules, 26(17), 5215.
• Choobkar, N., Kakoolaki, S., & Mohammadi, F. (2017). The biological effects of herbal medicine, Falcaria vulgaris: An article review. Iranian Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, 3(1), 74-81.
• Cinar, A. S., & Onder, A. (2019). Anadolu'nun kültürel mirası: Crocus sativus L.(Safran). FABAD Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 44(1), 79-88.
• Dack, G. M., Gary, W. E., Woolpert, O., & Wiggers, H. (1930). An outbreak of food poisoning proved to be due to a yellow hemolytic staphylococcus. Journal of Preventive Medicine, 4, 167-75.
• Darwish, R. M., Aburjai, T., Al-Khalil, S., & Mahafzah, A. (2002). Screening of antibiotic resistant inhibitors from local plant materials against two different strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 79(3), 359-364.
• Dastan, D., & Yousefzadi, M. (2016). Volatile oil constituent and biological activity of Gundelia tournefortii L. from Iran. Journal of Reports in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5(1), 18-24.
• De Souza, V. V. M. A., Crippa, B. L., De Almeida, J. M., Iacuzio, R., Setzer, W. N., Sharifi-Rad, J., & Silva, N. C. C. (2020). Synergistic antimicrobial action and effect of active chitosan-gelatin biopolymeric films containing Thymus vulgaris, Ocimum basilicum and Origanum majorana essential oils against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Cellular and Molecular Biology, 66(4), 214-223.
• Dogan, A., Bulut, G., Tuzlaci, E., & Senkardes, I. (2014). A review of edible plants on the Turkish Apiaceae species. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Istanbul University, 44(2), 251-262.
• Dorantes, L., Araujo, J., Carmona, A., & Hernandez-Sanchez, H. (2008). Effect of capsicum extracts and cinnamic acid on the growth of some important bacteria in dairy products. In: Gutiérrez-López G. F., Barbosa-Cánovas, G. V., Welti-Chanes J., Parada-Arias E. (eds) Food Engineering: Integrated Approaches (pp. 337-344). Springer, New York.
• Eggersdorfer, M., & Wyss, A. (2018). Carotenoids in human nutrition and health. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 652, 18-26.
• Emeka, L. B., Emeka, P. M., & Khan, T. M. (2015). Antimicrobial activity of Nigella sativa L. seed oil against multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from diabetic wounds. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 28(6).
• Esmaeelian, M., Jahani, M., Feizy, J., & Einafshar, S. (2021). Effects of ultrasound-assisted and direct solvent extraction methods on the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) corm extract. Food Analytical Methods, 14(1), 74-87.
• Fawzy Ramadan, M. (2015). Nutritional value and applications of Nigella sativa essential oil: a mini review. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 27(4), 271-275.
• Fetsch, A., & Johler, S. (2018). Staphylococcus aureus as a foodborne pathogen. Current Clinical Microbiology Reports, 5(2), 88-96.
• García, A. V., Álvarez-Pérez, O. B., Rojas, R., Aguilar, C. N., & Garrigós, M. C. (2020). Impact of olive extract addition on corn starch-based active edible films properties for food packaging applications. Foods, 9(9), 1339.
• Garcìa, L. M., Ceccanti, C., Negro, C., De Bellis, L., Incrocci, L., Pardossi, A., & Guidi, L. (2021). Effect of drying methods on phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of Urtica dioica L. leaves. Horticulturae, 7(1), 10.
• Georgescu, M., & Raita, S. M. (2019). Nigella sativa seed oil antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus spp. in a food matrix. Scientific Papers: Series D, Animal Science-The International Session of Scientific Communications of the Faculty of Animal Science, 62(1), 358-363.
• Gulcin, I., Kufrevioglu, O. I., Oktay, M., & Buyukokuroglu, M. E. (2004). Antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiulcer and analgesic activities of nettle (Urtica dioica L.). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 90(2-3), 205-215.
• Gyawali, R., & Ibrahim, S. A. (2014). Natural products as antimicrobial agents. Food Control, 46, 412-429. Hafaz, M. F., Soliman, H. M., Abbas, M. A., Gebreil, A. S., & El-Amier, Y. A. (2022). Potential Assessment of Rumex spp. as a source of bioactive compounds and biological activity. Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry, 12, 1824-1834.
• Haghi, G., Hatami, A., & Arshi, R. (2011). Distribution of caffeic acid derivatives in Gundelia tournefortii L. Food Chemistry, 124(3), 1029-1035.
• Halawani, E. (2009). Antibacterial activity of thymoquinone and thymohydroquinone of Nigella sativa L. and their interaction with some antibiotics. Advances in Biological Research, 3(5-6), 148-152.
• Han, S., Ahmeda, A., Jalalvand, A. R., Lu, W., Zangeneh, M. M., & Zangeneh, A. (2020). Application of silver nanoparticles containing Gundelia tournefortii L. leaf aqueous extract in the treatment of microbial diseases and cutaneous wound healing. Applied Organometallic Chemistry, e5491.
• Hashemi, S. M. B., & Jafarpour, D. (2020). The efficacy of edible film from Konjac glucomannan and saffron petal extract to improve shelf life of fresh‐cut cucumber. Food Science & Nutrition, 8(7), 3128-3137.
• Hassanien, M. F., Assiri, A., Alzohairy, A. M., & Oraby, H. F. (2015). Health-promoting value and food applications of black cumin essential oil: an overview. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 52(10), 6136-6142.
• Hekmati, M., Hasanirad, S., Khaledi, A., & Esmaeili, D. (2020). Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using extracts of Allium rotundum L, Falcaria vulgaris Bernh, and Ferulago angulate Boiss, and their antimicrobial effects in vitro. Gene Reports, 19, 100589.
• Hennekinne, J. A., De Buyser, M. L., & Dragacci, S. (2012). Staphylococcus aureus and its food poisoning toxins: characterization and outbreak investigation. FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 36(4), 815-836.
• Hernández‐Pérez, T., Gómez‐García, M. D. R., Valverde, M. E., & Paredes‐López, O. (2020). Capsicum annuum (hot pepper): An ancient Latin‐American crop with outstanding bioactive compounds and nutraceutical potential. A review. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 19(6), 2972-2993.
• Hosseini, A., Ramezani, S., Tabibiazar, M., Ghorbani, M., & Kafil, H. S. (2021). Fabrication of cumin seed oil loaded gliadin-ethyl cellulose nanofibers reinforced with adipic acid for food packaging application. Food Packaging and Shelf Life, 30, 100754.
• Ishaq, A. R., Manzoor, M., Hussain, A., Altaf, J., Javed, Z., Afzal, I., & Noor, F. (2021). Prospect of microbial food borne diseases in Pakistan: a review. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 81, 940-953.
• Jaberian, H., Piri, K., & Nazari, J. (2013). Phytochemical composition and in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of some medicinal plants. Food Chemistry, 136(1), 237-244.
• Jadouali, S. M., Atifi, H., Bouzoubaa, Z., Majourhat, K., Gharby, S., Achemchem, F., ... & Mamouni, R. (2018). Chemical characterization, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Moroccan Crocus sativus L. petals and leaves. Journal of Materials and Environmental Science, 9(1), 113-118.
• Jafari-Sales, A., & Pashazadeh, M. (2020). Antibacterial effect of methanolic extract of saffron petal (Crocus sativus L.) on some standard gram positive and gram negative pathogenic bacteria in vitro. Current Perspectives on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CUPMAP), 3(1), 1-7.
• Kadan, S., Melamed, S., Benvalid, S., Tietel, Z., Sasson, Y., & Zaid, H. (2021). Gundelia tournefortii: Fractionation, chemical composition and GLUT4 translocation enhancement in muscle cell line. Molecules, 26(13), 3785.
• Kanatt, S. R. (2020). Development of active/intelligent food packaging film containing Amaranthus leaf extract for shelf life extension of chicken/fish during chilled storage. Food Packaging and Shelf Life, 24, 100506.
• Kanatt, S. R., Chander, R., & Sharma, A. (2010). Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of pomegranate peel extract improves the shelf life of chicken products. International journal of food science & technology, 45(2), 216-222.
• Karaca, O. B., Yildirim, O., & Cakici, C. (2015). Gastronomi turizminde otlar, ot yemekleri ve sağlıkla iliskisi üzerine bir değerlendirme. Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, 3(3), 27-42.
• Karakol, P., & Kapi, E. (2021). Use of selected antioxidant-rich spices and herbs in foods. In: Waisundara V. Y. (ed) Antioxidants-Benefits, Sources, Mechanisms of Action, IntechOpen.
• Karacelik, A. A., & Sahin, H. (2021). Determination of chemical compositions, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of naturally growing Chenopodium album subsp. iranicum Aellen. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 11(3), 2091-2101.
• Kawabata, F., Inoue, N., Masamoto, Y., Matsumura, S., Kimura, W., Kadowaki, M., ... & Fushiki, T. (2009). Non-pungent capsaicin analogs (capsinoids) increase metabolic rate and enhance thermogenesis via gastrointestinal TRPV1 in mice. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 73(12), 2690-2697.
• Kaya, I., Incekara, N., & Nemli, Y. (2004). Ege Bölgesi’nde sebze olarak tüketilen yabani kuşkonmaz, sirken, yabani hindiba, rezene, gelincik, çoban değneği ve ebegümecinin bazı kimyasal analizleri. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 14(1), 1-6.
• Khalid, A., Rehman, U. U., Sethi, A., Khilji, S., Fatima, U., Khan, M. I., ... & Murtaza, G. (2011). Antimicrobial activity analysis of extracts of Acacia modesta, Artimisia absinthium, Nigella sativa and Saussurea lappa against Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(22), 4574-4580.
• Koffi-Nevry, R., Kouassi, K. C., Nanga, Z. Y., Koussémon, M., & Loukou, G. Y. (2012). Antibacterial activity of two bell pepper extracts: Capsicum annuum L. and Capsicum frutescens. International Journal of Food Properties, 15(5), 961-971.
• Kohsari, I., Mohammad-Zadeh, M., Minaeian, S., Rezaee, M., Barzegari, A., Shariatinia, Z., ... & Pourmortazavi, S. M. (2019). In vitro antibacterial property assessment of silver nanoparticles synthesized by Falcaria vulgaris aqueous extract against MDR bacteria. Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, 90(2), 380-389.
• Kok, A., Kurnaz, A., Kurnaz, H. A., & Karahan, S. (2020). Ege otlarının yöresel mutfaklarda kullanımı. Journal of Tourism Intelligence and Smartness, 3(2), 152-168.
• Kraśniewska, K., Gniewosz, M., Synowiec, A., Przybył, J. L., Bączek, K., & Węglarz, Z. (2014). The use of pullulan coating enriched with plant extracts from Satureja hortensis L. to maintain pepper and apple quality and safety. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 90, 63-72.
• Kregiel, D., Pawlikowska, E., & Antolak, H. (2018). Urtica spp.: Ordinary plants with extraordinary properties. Molecules, 23(7), 1664.
• Lone, B. A., Chishti, M. Z., Bhat, F. A., Tak, H., Bandh, S. A., & Khan, A. (2017). Evaluation of anthelmintic antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of Chenopodium album. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 49(8), 1597-1605.
• Mahmoudi, R., Amini, K., Fakhri, O., & Alem, M. (2021). Aroma profile and antimicrobial properties of alcoholic and aqueous extracts from root, leaf and stalk of nettle (Urtica dioica L.). Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, 2021, 220-224.
• Márquez-Rodríguez, A. S., Nevárez-Baca, S., Lerma-Hernández, J. C., Hernández-Ochoa, L. R., Nevárez-Moorillon, G. V., Gutiérrez-Méndez, N., ... & Salas, E. (2020). In vitro antibacterial activity of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. phenolic extract and its in situ application on shelf-life of beef meat. Foods, 9(8), 1080.
• Mohammadian, M., Moghaddam, A. D., Sharifan, A., Dabaghi, P., & Hadi, S. (2021). Structural, physico-mechanical, and bio-functional properties of whey protein isolate-based edible films as affected by enriching with nettle (Urtica dioica L.) leaf extract. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, 15(5), 4051-4060.
• Mokhtar, M., Ginestra, G., Youcefi, F., Filocamo, A., Bisignano, C., & Riazi, A. (2017). Antimicrobial activity of selected polyphenols and capsaicinoids identified in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and their possible mode of interaction. Current Microbiology, 74(11), 1253-1260.
• Molina, R. D. I., Campos-Silva, R., Díaz, M. A., Macedo, A. J., Blázquez, M. A., Alberto, M. R., & Arena, M. E. (2022). Inhibition of bacterial virulence factors of foodborne pathogens by paprika (Capsicum annuum L.) extracts. Food Control, 133, 108568.
• Mostafa, H. A. M., Elbakry, A. A., & Eman, A. A. (2011). Evaluation of antibacterial and antioxidant activities of different plant parts of Rumex vesicarius L. (Polygonaceae). International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3(2), 109-18.
• Mouwakeh, A., Kincses, A., Nové, M., Mosolygó, T., Mohácsi‐Farkas, C., Kiskó, G., & Spengler, G. (2019). Nigella sativa essential oil and its bioactive compounds as resistance modifiers against Staphylococcus aureus. Phytotherapy Research, 33(4), 1010-1018.
• Munekata, P. E., Alcántara, C., Collado, M. C., Garcia-Perez, J. V., Saraiva, J. A., Lopes, R. P., ... & Lorenzo, J. M. (2019). Ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and biological activity of Erodium species: A review. Food Research International, 126, 108659.
• Mzabri, I., Addi, M., & Berrichi, A. (2019). Traditional and modern uses of saffron (Crocus sativus). Cosmetics, 6(4), 63.
• Naseer, M., Kamboh, A. A., Soho, A. B., & Burriro, R. (2021). In vitro antimicrobial efficacy of some plant extracts against multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes isolated from buffalo mastitic milk. Buffalo Bulletin, 40(1), 31-44.
• Nayak, D. P., Swain, P. K., Panda, O. P., Pattanaik, P., & Srinivas, B. (2010). Antimicrobial and anthelmintic evalution of Chenopodium album. International Journal of Pharma World Research, 4, 201-215.
• Nguyen, T. T., Dao, U. T. T., Bui, Q. P. T., Bach, G. L., Thuc, C. H., & Thuc, H. H. (2020). Enhanced antimicrobial activities and physiochemical properties of edible film based on chitosan incorporated with Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engl. leaf extract. Progress in Organic Coatings, 140, 105487.
• Nikitina, V. S., Kuz’mina, L. Y., Melent’ev, A. I., & Shendel, G. V. (2007). Antibacterial activity of polyphenolic compounds isolated from plants of Geraniaceae and Rosaceae families. Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, 43(6), 629-634.
• Nikolova, M., Tsvetkova, R., & Ivancheva, S. (2010). Evaluation of antioxidant activity in some Geraniacean species. Botanica Serbica, 34(2), 123-125.
• Odeyemi, O. A. (2016). Public health implications of microbial food safety and foodborne diseases in developing countries. Food & Nutrition Research, 60(1), 29819.
• Okmen, G., Kardas, S., Bayrak, D., Arslan, A., & Cakar, H. (2016). The antibacterial activities of Crocus sativus against mastitis pathogens and its antioxidant activities. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5(3), 146-156.
• Paarakh, P. M. (2010). Nigella sativa Linn. –A comprehensive review. Indian Journal of Natural Products and Resources, 1, 409-429.
• Pandey, S., & Gupta, R. K. (2014). Screening of nutritional, phytochemical, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Chenopodium album (Bathua). Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 3(3), 1-9.
• Parkash, J., & Patel, K. R. (2014). Evaluation of antibacterial activity of different concentrations of Chenopodium album leaves extract. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 4(1), 123-126.
• Pérez-Santaescolástica, C., Munekata, P. E., Feng, X., Liu, Y., Bastianello Campagnol, P. C., & Lorenzo, J. M. (2022). Active edible coatings and films with Mediterranean herbs to improve food shelf-life. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 62(9), 2391-2403.
• Pranoto, Y., Rakshit, S. K., & Salokhe, V. M. (2005). Enhancing antimicrobial activity of chitosan films by incorporating garlic oil, potassium sorbate and nisin. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 38(8), 859-865.
• Pires, S. M., Desta, B. N., Mughini-Gras, L., Mmbaga, B. T., Fayemi, O. E., Salvador, E. M., & Devleesschauwer, B. (2021). Burden of foodborne diseases: Think global, act local. Current Opinion in Food Science, 39, 152-159.
• Qoeroti, B., Pangastuti, A., & Susilowati, A. (2021). Application of edible film incorporated with Portulaca oleracea extract to inhibit microbiological and oxidative damage in sausages. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 22(8).
• Quave, C. L., Plano, L. R., Pantuso, T., & Bennett, B. C. (2008). Effects of extracts from Italian medicinal plants on planktonic growth, biofilm formation and adherence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 118(3), 418-428.
• Said, A., Naeem, N., Siraj, S., Khan, T., Javed, A., Rasheed, H. M., ... & Wahid, F. (2020). Mechanisms underlying the wound healing and tissue regeneration properties of Chenopodium album. 3 Biotech, 10(10), 1-10.
• Saini, S., & Saini, K. (2020). Chenopodium album Linn: An outlook on weed cum nutritional vegetable along with medicinal properties. Emergent Life Sciences Research, 6, 28-33.
• Salehzadeh, A., Asadpour, L., Naeemi, A. S., & Houshmand, E. (2014). Antimicrobial activity of methanolic extracts of Sambucus ebulus and Urtica dioica against clinical isolates of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 11(5), 38-40.
• Salman, M. T., Khan, R. A., & Shukla, I. (2008). Antimicrobial activity of Nigella sativa Linn. seed oilagainst multi-drug resistant bacteria from clinical isolates. Natural Product Radiance, 7(1), 10-14.
• Saoudi, M. M., Bouajila, J., Rahmani, R., & Alouani, K. (2021). Phytochemical composition, antioxidant, antiacetylcholinesterase, and cytotoxic activities of Rumex crispus L. International Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2021, 1-16.
• Sarac, H., Demirbas, A., Dastan, S. D., Atas, M., Cevik, O., & Eruygur, N. (2019). Evaluation of nutrients and biological activities of Kenger (Gundellia tournefortii L.) seeds cultivated in sivas province. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 7(sp2), 52-58.
• Sargin, S. A., Selvi, S., & Buyukcengiz, M. (2015). Ethnomedicinal plants of Aydıncık district of Mersin, Turkey. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 174, 200-216.
• Sayyari, Z., Rabani, M., Farahmandfar, R., Esmaeilzadeh Kenari, R., & Mousavi Nadoshan, R. (2021). The effect of nanocomposite edible coating enriched with Foeniculum vulgare essential oil on the shelf life of Oncorhynchus mykiss fish fillets during the storage. Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology, 30(5), 579-595.
• Severo, C., Anjos, I., Souza, V. G., Canejo, J. P., Bronze, M. R., Fernando, A. L., ... & Ribeiro, I. A. (2021). Development of cranberry extract films for the enhancement of food packaging antimicrobial properties. Food Packaging and Shelf Life, 28, 100646.
• Severo, C., Anjos, I., Souza, V. G., Canejo, J. P., Bronze, M. R., Fernando, A. L., ... & Ribeiro, I. A. (2021). Development of cranberry extract films for the enhancement of food packaging antimicrobial properties. Food Packaging and Shelf Life, 28, 100646.
• Seydim, A. C., & Sarikus, G. (2006). Antimicrobial activity of whey protein based edible films incorporated with oregano, rosemary and garlic essential oils. Food Research International, 39(5), 639-644.
• Shadmehri, A. A., Namvar, F., Miri, H., Yaghmaei, P., & Nakhaei Moghaddam, M. (2019). Cytotoxicity, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Crocus sativus petal extract. Journal of Research in Applied and Basic Medical Sciences, 5(1), 69-76.
• Shahbazi, Y. (2017). Antibacterial and antioxidant properties of methanolic extracts of some native edible plants collected from Kermanshah, Western Iran. Journal of Food Quality and Hazards Control, 4(4), 93-98.
• Singh, K. P., Dwevedi, A. K., & Dhakre, G. (2011). Evaluation of antibacterial activities of Chenopodium album L. International Journal of Applied Biology and Pharmaceutical Technology, 2(3), 398-401.
• Soureshjan, E. H., & Heidari, M. (2014). In vitro variation in antibacterial activity plant extracts on Glaucium elegans and saffron (Crocus sativus). Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology, 9(3), 275-278.
• Sousa, C. P. D. (2008). The impact of food manufacturing practices on food borne diseases. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 51, 615-623.
• Srinivasan, K. (2018). Cumin (Cuminum cyminum) and black cumin (Nigella sativa) seeds: traditional uses, chemical constituents, and nutraceutical effects. Food Quality and Safety, 2(1), 1-16.
• Stojanović-Radić, Z., Čomić, L., Radulović, N., Dekić, M., Ranđelović, V., & Stefanović, O. (2010). Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Erodium species: E. ciconium L., E. cicutarium L., and E. absinthoides Willd.(Geraniaceae). Chemical Papers, 64(3), 368-377.
• Suleman, M., Faiz, A. U. H., & Abbas, F. I. (2021). Antibacterial, antiparasitic and phytochemical activities of Chenopodium album (Bathua) plant extract. Bangladesh Journal of Botany, 50(2), 417-421.
• Tamokou, J. D. D., Chouna, J. R., Fischer-Fodor, E., Chereches, G., Barbos, O., Damian, G., ... & Silaghi-Dumitrescu, R. (2013). Anticancer and antimicrobial activities of some antioxidant-rich Cameroonian medicinal plants. PLoS One, 8(2), e55880.
• Tukappa, A. R. L. L. A., & Londonkar, R. L. (2013). Evaluation of antibacterial and antioxidant activities of different methanol extract of Rumex vesicarius L. American Journal of Drug Discovery and Development, 3(2), 72-83.
• Vasas, A., Orbán-Gyapai, O., & Hohmann, J. (2015). The genus Rumex: Review of traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 175, 198-228.
• Vitale, M., Scatassa, M. L., Cardamone, C., Oliveri, G., Piraino, C., Alduina, R., & Napoli, C. (2015). Staphylococcal food poisoning case and molecular analysis of toxin genes in Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from food in Sicily, Italy. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, 12(1), 21-23.
• Wali, A. F., Alchamat, H. A. A., Hariri, H. K., Hariri, B. K., Menezes, G. A., Zehra, U., ... & Ahmad, P. (2020). Antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic and cytotoxic activity of Crocus sativus L. petals. Applied Sciences, 10(4), 1519.
• Weerakkody, N. S., Caffin, N., Dykes, G. A., & Turner, M. S. (2011). Effect of antimicrobial spice and herb extract combinations on Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and spoilage microflora growth on cooked ready-to-eat vacuum-packaged shrimp. Journal of Food Protection, 74(7), 1119-1125.
• WHO, (2015). Official Website of World Health Organization, WHO’s first ever global estimates of foodborne diseases find children under 5 account for almost one third of deaths, https://www.who.int/news/item/03-12-2015-who-s-first-ever-global-estimates-of-foodborne-diseases-find-children-under-5-account-for-almost-one-third-of-deaths, Last Accessed on December, 2015.
• WHO, (2020). Official Website of World Health Organization, Food safety and foodborne illness, In World Health Organization fact sheet, https://www.who.int/newsroom/fact-sheets/detail/food-safety, Last Accessed on September, 2021.
• Yadav, N., Vasudeva, N., Singh, S., & Sharma, S. K. (2007). Medicinal properties of genus Chenopodium Linn. Natural Product Radiance, 6(2), 131-134.
• Yildirim, A., Mavi, A., & Kara, A. A. (2001). Determination of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Rumex crispus L. extracts. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 49(8), 4083-4089.
• Yucel, E., Isik, G., Sengun, I. Y., Kose, Y. B., Ceylan, F., Demirci, B., & Senturk, H. (2018). Consumptıon types of wild plants consumed as food around Eskişehir (Turkey). Anadolu University Journal of Science and Technology C-Life Sciences and Biotechnology, 7(2), 214-219.
• Zara, S., Petretto, G. L., Mannu, A., Zara, G., Budroni, M., Mannazzu, I., ... & Fancello, F. (2021). Antimicrobial activity and chemical characterization of a non-polar extract of saffron stamens in food matrix. Foods, 10(4), 703.
• Zenão, S., Aires, A., Dias, C., Saavedra, M. J., & Fernandes, C. (2017). Antibacterial potential of Urtica dioica and Lavandula angustifolia extracts against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from diabetic foot ulcers. Journal of Herbal Medicine, 10, 53-58.