CRISPR/Cas9 technology and usage in the food industry

Year 2022, , 36 - 42, 30.04.2022

Ayşegül Bölükbaş , Ali Gücükoğlu

https://doi.org/10.51753/flsrt.997899

Abstract

By the increase of world population, arable lands are decreasing and related to this, food security concerns are increasing. In order to avoid these concerns, it is necessary to use modern biotechnological tools and molecular breeding methods. CRISPR/Cas9 is a genome editing method that creates double-stranded breaks using the site-specific nuclease enzyme. This method is used for providing disease resistance in farm animals, increasing yield characteristics, obtaining starter cultures resistant to bacteriophages, eliminating cancer types and hereditary diseases in medicine, growing more resistant and high yielding plants against drought and pests in agriculture. In the field, it is used for the cultivation of high-yielding plants that are more resistant to drought and pests. It is thought that CRISPR/Cas9 technology will be useful when it is carried out within the framework of legal regulations and under the control of scientific research. However, ethical debates continue regarding the use of the method and the fact that technological applications are not easily accepted by the society.

Keywords

CRISPR/Cas9, CRISPR/GMO difference, CRISPR technology, food, genomic regulation

CRISPR/Cas9 teknolojisi ve gıda alanında kullanımı

Abstract

Artan dünya nüfusu ile birlikte, tarıma elverişli araziler azalmakta ve buna bağlı olarak gıda güvenliğine ilişkin endişeler artmaktadır. Bu endişelerin önüne geçmek için moleküler ıslah yöntemlerinin yanı sıra modern biyoteknolojik araçlarında kullanılması gerekmektedir. CRISPR/Cas9, bölgeye özgü nükleaz enzimini kullanarak çift sarmallı kırılmalar oluşturan genom düzenleme yöntemidir. Çiftlik hayvanlarında hastalıklara karşı direnç oluşturulması, verim özelliklerinin yükseltilmesi, bakteriyofajlara karşı dirençli başlangıç kültürlerinin (starter kültürler) elde edilmesi, tıp alanında kanser türleri ve kalıtsal hastalıkların elemine edilmesi, tarım alanında kuraklık ve zararlılara karşı daha dirençli ve yüksek verimli bitkilerin yetiştirilmesi için kullanılmaktadır. CRISPR/Cas9 teknolojisinin yasal mevzuat çerçevesinde ve bilimsel araştırmalar kontrolünde gerçekleştirildiğinde yararlı olacağı düşünülmektedir. Ancak teknolojik uygulamaların toplum üzerinde kolay kabul görmemesi ve yöntemin kullanımı konusunda etik tartışmalar devam etmektedir.

Keywords

CRISPR/Cas9, CRISPR/GDO farkı, CRISPR teknoloji, genom düzenleme, gıda

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