Research Article
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The Analyse of the Particularities of Kurdish Bardic Art

Year 2022, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 39 - 66, 30.06.2022

Abstract

Abstract

According to the existing information, at least since Homer the troubadour tradition exists in the world. At the time of Alexander the Great this tradition was widespread among the Irish, the Celts and the galls, and among the Bretons. Among the Kurds, too this art is well known and the Kurdish troubadours have produced remarkable works. Many studies have been carried out on the life and works of the Kurdish troubadours, but on the other hand the art of construction of these works and the peculiarities of the bardic art of the Kurdish troubadours have not been the subject of research. This shows that there is a lack in this area.

In order to draw attention to this lack, we have discussed in this study the peculiarities of the bardic art of Kurdish troubadours, through the analysis of their works as examples. The study consists of two parts. In the first part, we discuss the bardic tradition in the world and among the Kurds. Then we quickly analyze the situation of the studies concerning the Kurdish troubadours and their bardic art. So, we have tried to see which aspects of Kurdish bardic art are more analyzed in these studies. In the second part of the work, we analyzed in particular the art of eulogy and description in Kurdish bardic works. Within this framework, themes such as tragedy, bravery, the power of the hero, the art of combat, sacrifice, generosity, honor and beauty have been analyzed. Through the analysis of these themes we have tried to demonstrate the peculiarities of the art of the Kurdish bards.

References

  • Akinyemi, A. (2001). The Yorùbá Royal Bards: Their Work And Relevance in The Society, Nordic Journal of African Studies, 10 (1), 90-106.
  • Bedirxan, C. A. (1932). Le Folklore kurde, Hawar, 4, 6-7
  • ------------- (1934) Delalê Beriyê et Ehmed Ferman, Hawar, 24, 12-14
  • Beğik, M. (2015). Dengbêj Resoyê Gopala (jîyan û berhem), (Teza Masterê ya ne çapkirî), Zanîngeha Mardin Artuklu.
  • Brogniet, É. (2017). L’influence des poètes arabes préislamiques sur la naissance de l’amour courtois chez les troubadours de langue d’oc, Bruxelles: Académie royale de langue et de littérature françaises de Belgique.
  • Brun, S. (2014). Les femmes musiciennes aux XIIe-XIIIe siècles : le cas des trobairitz, (Teza Lîsansa Masterê ya ne çapkirî), Université de Lyon 2.
  • Celîl, C. (2018). Zargotina Kurdên Surîyeyê, Amed: Wardoz.
  • Celîl, O. & Celîl, C. (2014). Zargotina Kurda: Êpîk, Dastan, Cild II, Wien: Înstîtûta Kurdzanîyê
  • Cindî H. (2016). Folklora Kurmancîyê (Berevok), (çapa 2em) Diyarbekir: Lîs
  • Cindî, H. & Evdal, E. (2008). Folklora Kurmanca, Avesta: İstanbul.
  • Chaillou, C. (2009). La poésie lyrique des troubadours. Musique, poésie, contexte, Annales de Vendée, 139-157.
  • Connellan, O. (1860). The Bards of Ireland, The Proceedings of The Great Bardic Institution, Dublin: Transactions of The Ossianic Society.
  • Çaçan, S. R. (2013). The Dengbeji Tradition Among Kurdish-Kurmanj Communities: Narrative and Performance During Late Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries (Teza Masterê ya ne çapkirî) Zanîngeha Boğaziçi.
  • Çelik, D. (2017). Dengbejlik Geleneği ve Türkiye’deki Kürt Tiyatrosuna Etkileri (Teza Doktorayê ya ne çapkirî) Zanîngeha İstanbul.
  • Daryaee, T. (2009). Sasanian Persia: The Rise and Fall of an Empire, London: I.B. TAURIS.
  • Evdal, E. & Cindî, H. (2008). Folklora Kurmanca, İstanbul: Avesta.
  • Hamelink, A. W. (2014). The Sung Home Narrative, Morality and the Kurdish Nation, (Teza Doktorayê ya ne çapkirî), Zanîngeha Leiden.
  • Kardaş, C. (2013). Dengbêjlik Geleneği Ve Âşık Edebiyatı İle Karşılaştırılması, (Teza Doktora ya ne çapkirî) Zanîngeha Firatê.
  • Kayran, M. Z. (2002). Kürt Folklorunda Dengbêjlik Geleneği, Bayrak Mehmet (ed.), Kürt Müziği Dansları ve Şarkıları, Cild: 1, Ankara: Özge, 510-514.
  • Kemal, Y. (2015a). Kale Kapısı, Kimsecik 2, (çapa 7em) İstanbul: YKY.
  • ------------- (2015b). Karıncanın Su İçtiği, Bir Ada Hikayesi 2, (çapa 7em) İstanbul: YKY.
  • Keskin, N. (2016). Müzik, Anlatı, Kimlik: Tûr-Abdin’de Bir Anlatım Biçimi Olarak Mıtrıblık, Ankara: Gece Kitaplığı.
  • Lord, A. B. (1971). The Singer of Tales, New York: Atheneum.
  • Meyer, K. (1908) Ancient Gaelic Poetry, The Gaelic Society of Glasgow (ed), The Old Highlands, 1-29.
  • Öztürk, S. (2014). Di Tradîsyona Dengbêjîya Kurdî de Şakiro (jîyan û berhem) (Teza Masterê ya ne çapkirî), Zanîngeha Mardin Artuklu.
  • Parıltı, A. (2006). Dengbejler: Sözün Yazgısı, İstanbul: İthaki.
  • Parry, M. (1971). The Making of Homeric Verse. The Collected Papers of Milman Parry (ed. Parry Adam), Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Ruth, F. (2012). Oral Litterature in Africa, Open Book Publishers
  • Smith, M. G. (1957). The social functions and meaning of Hausa praise-singing, Africa 27, 27-45.
  • Socin, A. (1890). Kurdische Sammlungen: Erzhalungen und Lieder, St. Pétersbourg
  • Sokolov, Y. M. (2009). Folklor: Tarih ve Kuram, (wer. Yerke Özer), Ankara: Geleneksel.
  • Thomson, G. (1954). Studies in Ancient Greek Society. The Prehistoric Aegean, London: Lawrence & Wishard.
  • Turgut, L. (2002). L’épopée de CEMBELÎ et la tradition des MITIRBS, mémoire pour l’obtention du diplôme de recherche et d’études appliquées (DREA), l’Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales, Paris.
  • Uzun, M. (2006). Dengbêjlerim, İstanbul: İthaki.
  • Yıldırım, K. (82010). Ehmedê Xanî: Mem û Zîn, Çeviri ve Kavramsal Tahlil İstanbul: Avesta.
  • Zal, A. (2011). Antolojîya Dengbêjan, Cild: I Diyarbekir: Şaredarîya Bajarê Mezin a Dîyarbekirê.
  • Zanetti V. (1990). Le griot et le pouvoir: Une relation ambiguë, Cahiers d’ethnomusicologie, 3, 161-172.
  • Aras, A. (2017). Kilma Kurdî û Dengbêjîya Serhedê, http://kovarabir.com/ahmed-aras-kilama-kurdi-u-denbejîya-serhede/ (Serlêdan: 20/02/2018)
  • Rewers, A. (2016). The Bardic Tradition in Hinduism, http://www.mahavidya.ca/2017/12/26/the-bardic-tradition-in-hinduism/ (Serlêdan 22/02/2018)

Taybetmendîyên Hunera Dengbêjiya Kurdî

Year 2022, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 39 - 66, 30.06.2022

Abstract

Kurte
Li gor agahîyên li ber destan, bi kêmasî ji Homeros û virde kevneşopiya dengbêjîyê li cîhanê heye. Di dema Skenderê mezin de, li nav gelên îrlendî, keltîk, galîk û heta breton ango armorîk dengbêjî bi awayekî berbelav hebû. Di nav kurdan de jî ji mêj ve ev huner heye û dengbêjên kurd berhemên balkêş afirandine. Lê herçiqas derbarê jiyan û berhemên van dengbêjan de lêkolîn hatibin kirin jî, derbarê hunera hûnandina berheman û taybetmendiyên dengbêjîya kurdî de pir lêkolîn nehatine kirin. Ev jî diyar dike ku di vê qadê de, valahîyek heye.

Di vê xebatê de bi mebesta ku balê bikşênin ser vê valahîyê, em li ser taybetmendiyên hunara dengbêjîya kurdî rawestiyan û bi rêya analîza çend mînakan me mijar nîqaş kir. Xebat ji du beşên sereke pêk tê. Di beşa yekem de em li ser kevneşopiya dengbêjîyê li cîhanî û li nav kurdan rawestiyan û me bi kurtasî behsa rewşa xebatên derbarê dengbêj û dengbêjîya kurdî kir. Herweha me hewl da destnîşan bikin ka di van xebatan de bi piranî li ser kîjan aliyên dengbêjîya kurdî hatiye rawestin. Di beşa duyem de hunera pesindarî û teswîrê di van berheman de hate analîzkirin. Di vê çarçovê de em li ser temayên wekî, trajedya, mêrxasî (cesaret), hêza leheng, şervanî, fedakarî, comerdî, namus û xweşikbûnê (qeşengîyê) rawestiyan û me ew nîqaş kirin. Bi rêya analîza van temayan me hewl da taybetmendiya hunera dengbêjên kurd derxin ber çavan.

References

  • Akinyemi, A. (2001). The Yorùbá Royal Bards: Their Work And Relevance in The Society, Nordic Journal of African Studies, 10 (1), 90-106.
  • Bedirxan, C. A. (1932). Le Folklore kurde, Hawar, 4, 6-7
  • ------------- (1934) Delalê Beriyê et Ehmed Ferman, Hawar, 24, 12-14
  • Beğik, M. (2015). Dengbêj Resoyê Gopala (jîyan û berhem), (Teza Masterê ya ne çapkirî), Zanîngeha Mardin Artuklu.
  • Brogniet, É. (2017). L’influence des poètes arabes préislamiques sur la naissance de l’amour courtois chez les troubadours de langue d’oc, Bruxelles: Académie royale de langue et de littérature françaises de Belgique.
  • Brun, S. (2014). Les femmes musiciennes aux XIIe-XIIIe siècles : le cas des trobairitz, (Teza Lîsansa Masterê ya ne çapkirî), Université de Lyon 2.
  • Celîl, C. (2018). Zargotina Kurdên Surîyeyê, Amed: Wardoz.
  • Celîl, O. & Celîl, C. (2014). Zargotina Kurda: Êpîk, Dastan, Cild II, Wien: Înstîtûta Kurdzanîyê
  • Cindî H. (2016). Folklora Kurmancîyê (Berevok), (çapa 2em) Diyarbekir: Lîs
  • Cindî, H. & Evdal, E. (2008). Folklora Kurmanca, Avesta: İstanbul.
  • Chaillou, C. (2009). La poésie lyrique des troubadours. Musique, poésie, contexte, Annales de Vendée, 139-157.
  • Connellan, O. (1860). The Bards of Ireland, The Proceedings of The Great Bardic Institution, Dublin: Transactions of The Ossianic Society.
  • Çaçan, S. R. (2013). The Dengbeji Tradition Among Kurdish-Kurmanj Communities: Narrative and Performance During Late Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries (Teza Masterê ya ne çapkirî) Zanîngeha Boğaziçi.
  • Çelik, D. (2017). Dengbejlik Geleneği ve Türkiye’deki Kürt Tiyatrosuna Etkileri (Teza Doktorayê ya ne çapkirî) Zanîngeha İstanbul.
  • Daryaee, T. (2009). Sasanian Persia: The Rise and Fall of an Empire, London: I.B. TAURIS.
  • Evdal, E. & Cindî, H. (2008). Folklora Kurmanca, İstanbul: Avesta.
  • Hamelink, A. W. (2014). The Sung Home Narrative, Morality and the Kurdish Nation, (Teza Doktorayê ya ne çapkirî), Zanîngeha Leiden.
  • Kardaş, C. (2013). Dengbêjlik Geleneği Ve Âşık Edebiyatı İle Karşılaştırılması, (Teza Doktora ya ne çapkirî) Zanîngeha Firatê.
  • Kayran, M. Z. (2002). Kürt Folklorunda Dengbêjlik Geleneği, Bayrak Mehmet (ed.), Kürt Müziği Dansları ve Şarkıları, Cild: 1, Ankara: Özge, 510-514.
  • Kemal, Y. (2015a). Kale Kapısı, Kimsecik 2, (çapa 7em) İstanbul: YKY.
  • ------------- (2015b). Karıncanın Su İçtiği, Bir Ada Hikayesi 2, (çapa 7em) İstanbul: YKY.
  • Keskin, N. (2016). Müzik, Anlatı, Kimlik: Tûr-Abdin’de Bir Anlatım Biçimi Olarak Mıtrıblık, Ankara: Gece Kitaplığı.
  • Lord, A. B. (1971). The Singer of Tales, New York: Atheneum.
  • Meyer, K. (1908) Ancient Gaelic Poetry, The Gaelic Society of Glasgow (ed), The Old Highlands, 1-29.
  • Öztürk, S. (2014). Di Tradîsyona Dengbêjîya Kurdî de Şakiro (jîyan û berhem) (Teza Masterê ya ne çapkirî), Zanîngeha Mardin Artuklu.
  • Parıltı, A. (2006). Dengbejler: Sözün Yazgısı, İstanbul: İthaki.
  • Parry, M. (1971). The Making of Homeric Verse. The Collected Papers of Milman Parry (ed. Parry Adam), Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Ruth, F. (2012). Oral Litterature in Africa, Open Book Publishers
  • Smith, M. G. (1957). The social functions and meaning of Hausa praise-singing, Africa 27, 27-45.
  • Socin, A. (1890). Kurdische Sammlungen: Erzhalungen und Lieder, St. Pétersbourg
  • Sokolov, Y. M. (2009). Folklor: Tarih ve Kuram, (wer. Yerke Özer), Ankara: Geleneksel.
  • Thomson, G. (1954). Studies in Ancient Greek Society. The Prehistoric Aegean, London: Lawrence & Wishard.
  • Turgut, L. (2002). L’épopée de CEMBELÎ et la tradition des MITIRBS, mémoire pour l’obtention du diplôme de recherche et d’études appliquées (DREA), l’Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales, Paris.
  • Uzun, M. (2006). Dengbêjlerim, İstanbul: İthaki.
  • Yıldırım, K. (82010). Ehmedê Xanî: Mem û Zîn, Çeviri ve Kavramsal Tahlil İstanbul: Avesta.
  • Zal, A. (2011). Antolojîya Dengbêjan, Cild: I Diyarbekir: Şaredarîya Bajarê Mezin a Dîyarbekirê.
  • Zanetti V. (1990). Le griot et le pouvoir: Une relation ambiguë, Cahiers d’ethnomusicologie, 3, 161-172.
  • Aras, A. (2017). Kilma Kurdî û Dengbêjîya Serhedê, http://kovarabir.com/ahmed-aras-kilama-kurdi-u-denbejîya-serhede/ (Serlêdan: 20/02/2018)
  • Rewers, A. (2016). The Bardic Tradition in Hinduism, http://www.mahavidya.ca/2017/12/26/the-bardic-tradition-in-hinduism/ (Serlêdan 22/02/2018)
Year 2022, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 39 - 66, 30.06.2022

Abstract

References

  • Akinyemi, A. (2001). The Yorùbá Royal Bards: Their Work And Relevance in The Society, Nordic Journal of African Studies, 10 (1), 90-106.
  • Bedirxan, C. A. (1932). Le Folklore kurde, Hawar, 4, 6-7
  • ------------- (1934) Delalê Beriyê et Ehmed Ferman, Hawar, 24, 12-14
  • Beğik, M. (2015). Dengbêj Resoyê Gopala (jîyan û berhem), (Teza Masterê ya ne çapkirî), Zanîngeha Mardin Artuklu.
  • Brogniet, É. (2017). L’influence des poètes arabes préislamiques sur la naissance de l’amour courtois chez les troubadours de langue d’oc, Bruxelles: Académie royale de langue et de littérature françaises de Belgique.
  • Brun, S. (2014). Les femmes musiciennes aux XIIe-XIIIe siècles : le cas des trobairitz, (Teza Lîsansa Masterê ya ne çapkirî), Université de Lyon 2.
  • Celîl, C. (2018). Zargotina Kurdên Surîyeyê, Amed: Wardoz.
  • Celîl, O. & Celîl, C. (2014). Zargotina Kurda: Êpîk, Dastan, Cild II, Wien: Înstîtûta Kurdzanîyê
  • Cindî H. (2016). Folklora Kurmancîyê (Berevok), (çapa 2em) Diyarbekir: Lîs
  • Cindî, H. & Evdal, E. (2008). Folklora Kurmanca, Avesta: İstanbul.
  • Chaillou, C. (2009). La poésie lyrique des troubadours. Musique, poésie, contexte, Annales de Vendée, 139-157.
  • Connellan, O. (1860). The Bards of Ireland, The Proceedings of The Great Bardic Institution, Dublin: Transactions of The Ossianic Society.
  • Çaçan, S. R. (2013). The Dengbeji Tradition Among Kurdish-Kurmanj Communities: Narrative and Performance During Late Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries (Teza Masterê ya ne çapkirî) Zanîngeha Boğaziçi.
  • Çelik, D. (2017). Dengbejlik Geleneği ve Türkiye’deki Kürt Tiyatrosuna Etkileri (Teza Doktorayê ya ne çapkirî) Zanîngeha İstanbul.
  • Daryaee, T. (2009). Sasanian Persia: The Rise and Fall of an Empire, London: I.B. TAURIS.
  • Evdal, E. & Cindî, H. (2008). Folklora Kurmanca, İstanbul: Avesta.
  • Hamelink, A. W. (2014). The Sung Home Narrative, Morality and the Kurdish Nation, (Teza Doktorayê ya ne çapkirî), Zanîngeha Leiden.
  • Kardaş, C. (2013). Dengbêjlik Geleneği Ve Âşık Edebiyatı İle Karşılaştırılması, (Teza Doktora ya ne çapkirî) Zanîngeha Firatê.
  • Kayran, M. Z. (2002). Kürt Folklorunda Dengbêjlik Geleneği, Bayrak Mehmet (ed.), Kürt Müziği Dansları ve Şarkıları, Cild: 1, Ankara: Özge, 510-514.
  • Kemal, Y. (2015a). Kale Kapısı, Kimsecik 2, (çapa 7em) İstanbul: YKY.
  • ------------- (2015b). Karıncanın Su İçtiği, Bir Ada Hikayesi 2, (çapa 7em) İstanbul: YKY.
  • Keskin, N. (2016). Müzik, Anlatı, Kimlik: Tûr-Abdin’de Bir Anlatım Biçimi Olarak Mıtrıblık, Ankara: Gece Kitaplığı.
  • Lord, A. B. (1971). The Singer of Tales, New York: Atheneum.
  • Meyer, K. (1908) Ancient Gaelic Poetry, The Gaelic Society of Glasgow (ed), The Old Highlands, 1-29.
  • Öztürk, S. (2014). Di Tradîsyona Dengbêjîya Kurdî de Şakiro (jîyan û berhem) (Teza Masterê ya ne çapkirî), Zanîngeha Mardin Artuklu.
  • Parıltı, A. (2006). Dengbejler: Sözün Yazgısı, İstanbul: İthaki.
  • Parry, M. (1971). The Making of Homeric Verse. The Collected Papers of Milman Parry (ed. Parry Adam), Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Ruth, F. (2012). Oral Litterature in Africa, Open Book Publishers
  • Smith, M. G. (1957). The social functions and meaning of Hausa praise-singing, Africa 27, 27-45.
  • Socin, A. (1890). Kurdische Sammlungen: Erzhalungen und Lieder, St. Pétersbourg
  • Sokolov, Y. M. (2009). Folklor: Tarih ve Kuram, (wer. Yerke Özer), Ankara: Geleneksel.
  • Thomson, G. (1954). Studies in Ancient Greek Society. The Prehistoric Aegean, London: Lawrence & Wishard.
  • Turgut, L. (2002). L’épopée de CEMBELÎ et la tradition des MITIRBS, mémoire pour l’obtention du diplôme de recherche et d’études appliquées (DREA), l’Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales, Paris.
  • Uzun, M. (2006). Dengbêjlerim, İstanbul: İthaki.
  • Yıldırım, K. (82010). Ehmedê Xanî: Mem û Zîn, Çeviri ve Kavramsal Tahlil İstanbul: Avesta.
  • Zal, A. (2011). Antolojîya Dengbêjan, Cild: I Diyarbekir: Şaredarîya Bajarê Mezin a Dîyarbekirê.
  • Zanetti V. (1990). Le griot et le pouvoir: Une relation ambiguë, Cahiers d’ethnomusicologie, 3, 161-172.
  • Aras, A. (2017). Kilma Kurdî û Dengbêjîya Serhedê, http://kovarabir.com/ahmed-aras-kilama-kurdi-u-denbejîya-serhede/ (Serlêdan: 20/02/2018)
  • Rewers, A. (2016). The Bardic Tradition in Hinduism, http://www.mahavidya.ca/2017/12/26/the-bardic-tradition-in-hinduism/ (Serlêdan 22/02/2018)
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Turkish Folklore
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Mustafa Aslan 0000-0002-1543-3154

Publication Date June 30, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 3 Issue: 1

Cite

MLA Aslan, Mustafa. “The Analyse of the Particularities of Kurdish Bardic Art”. Folklor U Ziman, vol. 3, no. 1, 2022, pp. 39-66.