The Role of Tannin Content in the Ammonia Reaction Process: A Comparative Analysis of the Physical, Mechanical, and Surface Properties of Beech and Chestnut Wood

Recep Aykan

The Role of Tannin Content in the Ammonia Reaction Process: A Comparative Analysis of the Physical, Mechanical, and Surface Properties of Beech and Chestnut Wood

Abstract

The use of wood and wood-based materials has increased continuously from past to present due to their renewable nature, aesthetic appearance, and favorable physical and mechanical properties. Advances in technology, population growth, and the resulting increase in material demand have encouraged researchers to investigate the less explored characteristics of wood and to develop alternative modification methods. Ammonia treatment is one of these modification techniques and is known to cause color changes in wood by reacting with tannins and other extractive compounds present in the wood structure. The resulting color modifications, particularly in tannin-rich wood species, may provide alternative applications in decorative and restoration purposes. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of ammonia treatment on the mechanical, physical, and surface properties of wood materials. For this purpose, beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky), representing a low-tannin wood species, and chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.), representing a tannin-rich wood species, were selected as test materials. Experimental specimens were exposed to ammonia vapor for 2 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, and 1 week. Following treatment, bending strength, compression strength parallel to the grain, dynamic bending strength (impact resistance), modulus of elasticity in bending, color parameters, and gloss values were determined. The results revealed that ammonia treatment caused significant reductions in the mechanical strength properties of both wood species when compared with the control groups. The reductions were particularly pronounced in bending strength, modulus of elasticity, and impact resistance values. In contrast, substantial changes in color and gloss characteristics were observed following ammonia exposure. The color modifications were more pronounced in chestnut wood than in beech wood, indicating the important role of tannin content in the ammonia reaction process. The findings suggest that ammonia treatment can be considered an effective surface modification technique for obtaining natural darkened and aged wood appearances, particularly in tannin-rich wood species, although its adverse effects on mechanical performance should be taken into consideration.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Wood Physics and Mechanics

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Recep Aykan ^*
0000-0002-6193-9236
Türkiye

Publication Date

July 1, 2026

Submission Date

June 23, 2026

Acceptance Date

June 29, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 2 Number: 1

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA29TU89EF

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Aykan, R. (2026). The Role of Tannin Content in the Ammonia Reaction Process: A Comparative Analysis of the Physical, Mechanical, and Surface Properties of Beech and Chestnut Wood. Forest and Wood Science, 2(1), 32-44. https://izlik.org/JA29TU89EF

AMA

1.Aykan R. The Role of Tannin Content in the Ammonia Reaction Process: A Comparative Analysis of the Physical, Mechanical, and Surface Properties of Beech and Chestnut Wood. FOWS. 2026;2(1):32-44. https://izlik.org/JA29TU89EF

Chicago

Aykan, Recep. 2026. “The Role of Tannin Content in the Ammonia Reaction Process: A Comparative Analysis of the Physical, Mechanical, and Surface Properties of Beech and Chestnut Wood”. Forest and Wood Science 2 (1): 32-44. https://izlik.org/JA29TU89EF.

EndNote

Aykan R (July 1, 2026) The Role of Tannin Content in the Ammonia Reaction Process: A Comparative Analysis of the Physical, Mechanical, and Surface Properties of Beech and Chestnut Wood. Forest and Wood Science 2 1 32–44.

IEEE

[1]R. Aykan, “The Role of Tannin Content in the Ammonia Reaction Process: A Comparative Analysis of the Physical, Mechanical, and Surface Properties of Beech and Chestnut Wood”, FOWS, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 32–44, July 2026, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA29TU89EF

ISNAD

Aykan, Recep. “The Role of Tannin Content in the Ammonia Reaction Process: A Comparative Analysis of the Physical, Mechanical, and Surface Properties of Beech and Chestnut Wood”. Forest and Wood Science 2/1 (July 1, 2026): 32-44. https://izlik.org/JA29TU89EF.

JAMA

1.Aykan R. The Role of Tannin Content in the Ammonia Reaction Process: A Comparative Analysis of the Physical, Mechanical, and Surface Properties of Beech and Chestnut Wood. FOWS. 2026;2:32–44.

MLA

Aykan, Recep. “The Role of Tannin Content in the Ammonia Reaction Process: A Comparative Analysis of the Physical, Mechanical, and Surface Properties of Beech and Chestnut Wood”. Forest and Wood Science, vol. 2, no. 1, July 2026, pp. 32-44, https://izlik.org/JA29TU89EF.

Vancouver

1.Recep Aykan. The Role of Tannin Content in the Ammonia Reaction Process: A Comparative Analysis of the Physical, Mechanical, and Surface Properties of Beech and Chestnut Wood. FOWS [Internet]. 2026 Jul. 1;2(1):32-44. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA29TU89EF