İşsizlik ve Sağlık Göstergeleri: Türkiye Örneği

Ece H. Güleryüz; Tekin Köse

İşsizlik ve Sağlık Göstergeleri: Türkiye Örneği

Year 2017, Issue: 633, 27 - 39, 01.11.2017

Abstract

Bu çalışma, işsizlik oranlarındaki değişimler ve sağlık göstergeleri arasındaki ilişkiyi, ulusal ve bölgesel düzeyde veriler kullanarak, Türkiye için incelemektedir. Ulusal verilere dayalı zaman serisi modelleri ve bölgesel veri setine bağlı sabit etkiler modelleri farklı sağlık göstergeleri için tahmin edilmektedir. 1960-2015 yıllarını kapsayan zaman serisi analiz sonuçlarına göre işsizlik oranı ile farklı sağlık göstergeleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı korelasyonlar bulunmuştur. İşsizlik oranı ile yaşam beklentisi arasında negatif ve konjonktür yanlısı bir ilişki gözlemlenirken işsizlik oranı ile doğum oranı, kaba ölüm oranı ve bebek ölüm oranı arasında pozitif ve konjonktür karşıtı ilişkiler olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Zaman serisi analizinde ortaya çıkan bulgularla işsizlik oranı ile bebek ölüm oranı, doğum oranı ve ekonomik nedenlere bağlı intihar sayısı arasında pozitif ve konjonktür karşıtı ilişkiler bulunmuştur ve bu ilişkiler istatistiksel olarak anlamlıdır. İşsizlik oranı ile kaba ölüm oranı arasında negatif ve konjonktür yanlısı bir korelasyon gözlemlenmiştir, ancak bu korelasyon istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmamıştır.

Keywords

İşsizlik, Sağlık Çıktıları, Türkiye, Zaman Serileri Analizi, Panel Veri Modelleri

References

ANDRES, Antonio Rodriguez; (2005), “Income inequality, unemployment, and suicide: a panel data analysis of 15 European countries”, Applied Economics, 37(4), pp. 439-451.
ÁSGEIRSDÓTTIR, Tinna L., Hope CORMON, Kelly NOONAN, Pórhildur ÓLAFSDÓTTIR and Nancy REICHMAN; (2014), “Was the Economic Crisis of 2008 Good for Icelanders? Impact on Health Behaviors”, Economics and Human Biology, 13, pp. 1-19.
BJÖRKLUND, Anders and Tor ERİKSSON; (1998), “Unemployment and mental health: evidence from research in the Nordic countries”, International Journal of Social Welfare, 7(3), pp. 219-235.
BRAINERD, Elizabeth and David CUTLER; (2005), “Autopsy on An Empire: Understanding Mortality in Russia and the Former Soviet Union”, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 19(1), pp. 107-130.
BRENNER, M. Harvey; (1971), “Economic Changes and Heart Disease Mortality”, American Journal of Public Health, 61(3), pp. 606-611.
BRENNER, M. Harvey; (1979), “Mortality and the National Economy”, The Lancet, 314(8142), pp. 568-73.
BRENNER, M. Harvey; (1987a), “Economic instability, unemployment rates, behavioral, and mortality rates in Scotland, 1952-1983”, International Journal of Health Services, 17(3), pp. 475-87.
BRENNER, M. Harvey; (1987b), “Economic change, alcohol consumption and heart disease mortality in nine industrialized countries”, Social Science&Medicine, 25(2), pp. 119-32.
BRENNER, M. Harvey; (1987c), “Relation of economic change to Swedish health and social well-being, 1950-1980”, Social Science&Medicine, 25(2), pp. 183-95.
BRENNER, M. Harvey; (2005), “Comentary: economic growth is the basis of mortality rate decline in the 20th century – experience of the United States 1901-2000”, International Journal of Epidemiology, 34(6), pp. 1214-21.
BRENNER, M. Harvey and Anne MOONEY; (1983), “Unemployment and health in the context of economic change”, Social Science&Medicine, 17(16), pp. 1125-1138.
BUCHMUELLER, Tom, Michel GRIGNON and Flrence JUSOT; (2007), “Unemployment and Mortality in France, 1982-2002”, Center for Health Economics and Policy Analysis Working Paper, 07-04, McMaster University.
DOOLEY, David, Jonathan FIELDING and Lennart LEVI; (1996), “Health and Unemployment”, Annual review of public health, 17(1), pp. 449-465.
Dünya Bankası; (2016), “World Development Indicators”, http:// databank.worldbank.org/data/reports.aspx?source=world-development-indicators, 03.12.2016. EDWARDS, Ryan; (2011), “American Time Use Over the Business Cycle”, Mimeo, City University of New York.
ETTNER, Susan L.; (1997), “Measuring the human cost of a weak economy: does unemployment lead to alcohol abuse?”, Social Science&Medicine, 44(2), pp. 251–60.
EuroStat; (2016), “European Commission, Eurostat Database”, http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database, 06.07.2016.
EVANS, William and John D. GRAHAM; (1988), “Traffic safety and the business cycle”, Alcohol, Drugs, and Driving, 4(1), pp. 31–8.
FORBES, John F. and Alan MCGREGOR; (1984), “Unemployment and Mortality in Post-War Scotland”, Journal of Health Economics, 3(3), pp. 239-57.
GERDTHAM, Ulf-G and Magnus JOHANNESSON; (2005), “Business Cycles and Mortality: Results from Swedish Microdata”, Social Science&Medicine, 60(1), pp. 205-218.
GERDTHAM, Ulf-G and Christopher J. RUHM; (2006), “Deaths Rise in Good Economic Times: Evidence from the OECD”, Economics and Human Biology, 43(3), pp. 298-316.
GRANADOS, Jose A. Tapia; (2005), “Increasing mortality during the expansions of the US economy, 1900-1996”, International Journal of Epidemiology, 34(6), pp. 1194-1202.
GRUBER, Jonathan and Michael FRAKES; (2006), “Does falling smoking lead to rising obesity?”, Journal of Health Economics, 25(2), pp. 183–97.
JIN, Robert L., Chandrakant P. SHAH and Tomislav J. SVOBODA; (1995), “The impact of unemployment on health: a review of the evidence”, CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal, 153(5), pp. 529-540.
JOHANSSON, Edvard; (2004), “A note on the impact of hours worked on mortality in the OECD”, European Journal of Health Economics, 5(4), pp. 335–40.
JOHANSSON, Edvard, Petri BÖCKERMAN, Ritva PRÄTTÄLÄ and Antti UUTELA; (2006), “Alcohol- related mortality, drinking behavior and business cycles”, European Journal of Health Economics, 7(3), pp. 215–20.
JOYCE, Theodore J. and H. Naci MOCAN; (1993), “Unemployment and Infant Health: Time-Series Evidence from the State of Tennessee”, Journal of Human Resources, 28(1), pp. 185- 203.
KAYA, Burhanettin; (2007), “Depresyon: Sosyo-ekonomik ve kültürel pencereden bakış”, Klinik Psikiyatri, 10(6), pp. 11-20.
LAPORTE, Audrey; (2004), “Do Economic Cycles Have a Permanent Effect on Population Health? Revisiting the Brenner Hypothesis”, Health Economics, 13(8), pp. 767-79.
LIN, Shin-Jong; (2009), “Economic Fluctuations and Health Outcome: A Panel Analysis of Asia- Pacific Countries”, Applied Economics, 41(4), pp. 519-530.
MCAVINCHEY, Ian D.; (1988), “A comparison of unemployment, income and mortality interaction for five European countries”, Applied Economics, 20(4), pp. 453–71.
MCINERNEY, Melissa and Jennifer M. MELLOR; (2012), “Recessions and Seniors’ Health, Health Behaviors, and Healthcare Use: Analysis of the Medicare Beneficiary Survey”, Journal of Health Economics, 31(5), pp. 744-751.
MILLER, Douglas L., Marianne E. PAGE, Ann Huff STEVENS, and Mateusz FILIPSKI; (2009), “Why Are Recessions Good for Your Health?”, American Economic Review, 99(2), pp. 122- 127.
NEUMAYER, Eric; (2004), “Recessions Lower (Some) Mortality Rates”, Social Science&Medicine, 58(6), pp. 1037-1047.
PAUL, Karsten I. and Klaus MOSER; (2009), “Unemployment impairs mental health: Meta-analyses”, Journal of Vocational behavior, 74(3), pp. 264-282.
RUHM, Christopher J.; (1995), “Economic conditions and alcohol problems”, Journal of Health Economics, 14(5), pp. 583–603.
RUHM, Christopher J.; (2000), “Are recessions good for your health?”, the Quarterly Journal of Economics, 115(2), pp. 617- 50.
RUHM, Christopher J.; (2003), “Good times make you sick”, Journal of Health Economics, 22(4), pp. 637-58.
RUHM, Christopher J.; (2005), “Commentary: mortality increases during economic upturns”, International Journal of Epidemiology, 34(6), pp. 1206- 11.
RUHM, Christopher J.; (2012), “Understanding the Relationship Between Macroeconomic Conditions and Health”, Andrew
M. JONES (Ed.), Elgar Companion to Health Economics, 2nd Edition, Cheltenham, UK, Edward Elgar, pp. 5-14.
RUHM, Christopher J.; (2015), “Recessions, Healthy No More?”, Journal of Health Economics, 42, pp. 17-28.
RUHM, Christopher J.; (2016), “Health effects of economic crises”, Health Economics, 25(S2), pp. 6-24.
RUHM, Christopher J. and William E. BLACK; (2002), “Does drinking really decrease in bad times?”, Journal of Health Economics, 21(4), pp. 659–78.
STEVENS, Ann Huff, Douglas L. MILLER, Marianne PAGE and Mateusz FILIPSKI; (2015), “The Best of Times, The Worst of Times: Understanding Procyclical Mortality”, American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 7(4), pp. 279-311.
SUBAŞI ERTEKİN, Meriç, Betül YÜCE DURAL, ve Mustafa KIRCA; (2016), “TÜRKİYE’DE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME VE İŞSİZLİĞİN BEBEK ÖLÜMLERİNE ETKİSİ”, Gümüshane University Electronic Journal of the Institute of Social Science/ Gümüshane Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Elektronik Dergisi, 7(17), pp. 123-140.
TOFFOLUTTİ, Veronica and Marc SUHCKE; (2014), “Assessing the Short Term Health Impact of the Great Recession in the European Union: A Cross-County Panel Analysis”, Preventive Medicine, 64, pp. 54-62.
Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK); (2016), “Bölgesel İstatistikler”, https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/bolgeselistatistik/anaSayfa.do?dil=en, 05.07.2016.
UK Data Service (UKDS); (2017), “Turkey Time Series Statistics”, https://discover.ukdataservice.ac.uk/, 23.02.2017.
VAN GOOL, Kees and Mark PEARSON; (2014), “Health, Austerity and Economic Crisis: Assessing the Short-term Impact in OECD Countries”, OECD Health Working Papers, 76, 0_4.
XU, Xin; (2013), “The business cycle and health behaviors”, Social Science&Medicine, 77, pp. 126-136.
YANG, Bijou and David LESTER; (1995), “Suicide, homicide and unemployment”, Applied Economics Letters, 2(8), pp. 278- 279.

Unemployment and Health Indicators: Case of Turkey

Year 2017, Issue: 633, 27 - 39, 01.11.2017

Ece H. Güleryüz , Tekin Köse

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between unemployment rate and health indicators for Turkey by using data at national and regional levels. Time series models and fixed effects models are estimated for different health indicators. According to time series analysis results covering 1960-2015, statistically significant correlations are revealed between unemployment rate and different health indicators. We have observed that there was a negative and procyclical relationship between unemployment rate and life expectancy, while there is a positive and countercyclical relationship between unemployment rate and the birth rate, mortality rate and infant mortality rate. The findings in the time series analysis show positive and countercyclical relationships between unemployment rate and infant mortality rate, birth rate and suicide number due to economic reasons and these relationships are statistically significant. A negative and procyclical correlation between unemployment rate and mortality rate is observed, but this correlation is not statistically significant

Keywords

Unemployment, Health Outcomes, Turkey, Time Series Analysis, Panel Data Models

References

ANDRES, Antonio Rodriguez; (2005), “Income inequality, unemployment, and suicide: a panel data analysis of 15 European countries”, Applied Economics, 37(4), pp. 439-451.
ÁSGEIRSDÓTTIR, Tinna L., Hope CORMON, Kelly NOONAN, Pórhildur ÓLAFSDÓTTIR and Nancy REICHMAN; (2014), “Was the Economic Crisis of 2008 Good for Icelanders? Impact on Health Behaviors”, Economics and Human Biology, 13, pp. 1-19.
BJÖRKLUND, Anders and Tor ERİKSSON; (1998), “Unemployment and mental health: evidence from research in the Nordic countries”, International Journal of Social Welfare, 7(3), pp. 219-235.
BRAINERD, Elizabeth and David CUTLER; (2005), “Autopsy on An Empire: Understanding Mortality in Russia and the Former Soviet Union”, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 19(1), pp. 107-130.
BRENNER, M. Harvey; (1971), “Economic Changes and Heart Disease Mortality”, American Journal of Public Health, 61(3), pp. 606-611.
BRENNER, M. Harvey; (1979), “Mortality and the National Economy”, The Lancet, 314(8142), pp. 568-73.
BRENNER, M. Harvey; (1987a), “Economic instability, unemployment rates, behavioral, and mortality rates in Scotland, 1952-1983”, International Journal of Health Services, 17(3), pp. 475-87.
BRENNER, M. Harvey; (1987b), “Economic change, alcohol consumption and heart disease mortality in nine industrialized countries”, Social Science&Medicine, 25(2), pp. 119-32.
BRENNER, M. Harvey; (1987c), “Relation of economic change to Swedish health and social well-being, 1950-1980”, Social Science&Medicine, 25(2), pp. 183-95.
BRENNER, M. Harvey; (2005), “Comentary: economic growth is the basis of mortality rate decline in the 20th century – experience of the United States 1901-2000”, International Journal of Epidemiology, 34(6), pp. 1214-21.
BRENNER, M. Harvey and Anne MOONEY; (1983), “Unemployment and health in the context of economic change”, Social Science&Medicine, 17(16), pp. 1125-1138.
BUCHMUELLER, Tom, Michel GRIGNON and Flrence JUSOT; (2007), “Unemployment and Mortality in France, 1982-2002”, Center for Health Economics and Policy Analysis Working Paper, 07-04, McMaster University.
DOOLEY, David, Jonathan FIELDING and Lennart LEVI; (1996), “Health and Unemployment”, Annual review of public health, 17(1), pp. 449-465.
Dünya Bankası; (2016), “World Development Indicators”, http:// databank.worldbank.org/data/reports.aspx?source=world-development-indicators, 03.12.2016. EDWARDS, Ryan; (2011), “American Time Use Over the Business Cycle”, Mimeo, City University of New York.
ETTNER, Susan L.; (1997), “Measuring the human cost of a weak economy: does unemployment lead to alcohol abuse?”, Social Science&Medicine, 44(2), pp. 251–60.
EuroStat; (2016), “European Commission, Eurostat Database”, http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database, 06.07.2016.
EVANS, William and John D. GRAHAM; (1988), “Traffic safety and the business cycle”, Alcohol, Drugs, and Driving, 4(1), pp. 31–8.
FORBES, John F. and Alan MCGREGOR; (1984), “Unemployment and Mortality in Post-War Scotland”, Journal of Health Economics, 3(3), pp. 239-57.
GERDTHAM, Ulf-G and Magnus JOHANNESSON; (2005), “Business Cycles and Mortality: Results from Swedish Microdata”, Social Science&Medicine, 60(1), pp. 205-218.
GERDTHAM, Ulf-G and Christopher J. RUHM; (2006), “Deaths Rise in Good Economic Times: Evidence from the OECD”, Economics and Human Biology, 43(3), pp. 298-316.
GRANADOS, Jose A. Tapia; (2005), “Increasing mortality during the expansions of the US economy, 1900-1996”, International Journal of Epidemiology, 34(6), pp. 1194-1202.
GRUBER, Jonathan and Michael FRAKES; (2006), “Does falling smoking lead to rising obesity?”, Journal of Health Economics, 25(2), pp. 183–97.
JIN, Robert L., Chandrakant P. SHAH and Tomislav J. SVOBODA; (1995), “The impact of unemployment on health: a review of the evidence”, CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal, 153(5), pp. 529-540.
JOHANSSON, Edvard; (2004), “A note on the impact of hours worked on mortality in the OECD”, European Journal of Health Economics, 5(4), pp. 335–40.
JOHANSSON, Edvard, Petri BÖCKERMAN, Ritva PRÄTTÄLÄ and Antti UUTELA; (2006), “Alcohol- related mortality, drinking behavior and business cycles”, European Journal of Health Economics, 7(3), pp. 215–20.
JOYCE, Theodore J. and H. Naci MOCAN; (1993), “Unemployment and Infant Health: Time-Series Evidence from the State of Tennessee”, Journal of Human Resources, 28(1), pp. 185- 203.
KAYA, Burhanettin; (2007), “Depresyon: Sosyo-ekonomik ve kültürel pencereden bakış”, Klinik Psikiyatri, 10(6), pp. 11-20.
LAPORTE, Audrey; (2004), “Do Economic Cycles Have a Permanent Effect on Population Health? Revisiting the Brenner Hypothesis”, Health Economics, 13(8), pp. 767-79.
LIN, Shin-Jong; (2009), “Economic Fluctuations and Health Outcome: A Panel Analysis of Asia- Pacific Countries”, Applied Economics, 41(4), pp. 519-530.
MCAVINCHEY, Ian D.; (1988), “A comparison of unemployment, income and mortality interaction for five European countries”, Applied Economics, 20(4), pp. 453–71.
MCINERNEY, Melissa and Jennifer M. MELLOR; (2012), “Recessions and Seniors’ Health, Health Behaviors, and Healthcare Use: Analysis of the Medicare Beneficiary Survey”, Journal of Health Economics, 31(5), pp. 744-751.
MILLER, Douglas L., Marianne E. PAGE, Ann Huff STEVENS, and Mateusz FILIPSKI; (2009), “Why Are Recessions Good for Your Health?”, American Economic Review, 99(2), pp. 122- 127.
NEUMAYER, Eric; (2004), “Recessions Lower (Some) Mortality Rates”, Social Science&Medicine, 58(6), pp. 1037-1047.
PAUL, Karsten I. and Klaus MOSER; (2009), “Unemployment impairs mental health: Meta-analyses”, Journal of Vocational behavior, 74(3), pp. 264-282.
RUHM, Christopher J.; (1995), “Economic conditions and alcohol problems”, Journal of Health Economics, 14(5), pp. 583–603.
RUHM, Christopher J.; (2000), “Are recessions good for your health?”, the Quarterly Journal of Economics, 115(2), pp. 617- 50.
RUHM, Christopher J.; (2003), “Good times make you sick”, Journal of Health Economics, 22(4), pp. 637-58.
RUHM, Christopher J.; (2005), “Commentary: mortality increases during economic upturns”, International Journal of Epidemiology, 34(6), pp. 1206- 11.
RUHM, Christopher J.; (2012), “Understanding the Relationship Between Macroeconomic Conditions and Health”, Andrew
M. JONES (Ed.), Elgar Companion to Health Economics, 2nd Edition, Cheltenham, UK, Edward Elgar, pp. 5-14.
RUHM, Christopher J.; (2015), “Recessions, Healthy No More?”, Journal of Health Economics, 42, pp. 17-28.
RUHM, Christopher J.; (2016), “Health effects of economic crises”, Health Economics, 25(S2), pp. 6-24.
RUHM, Christopher J. and William E. BLACK; (2002), “Does drinking really decrease in bad times?”, Journal of Health Economics, 21(4), pp. 659–78.
STEVENS, Ann Huff, Douglas L. MILLER, Marianne PAGE and Mateusz FILIPSKI; (2015), “The Best of Times, The Worst of Times: Understanding Procyclical Mortality”, American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 7(4), pp. 279-311.
SUBAŞI ERTEKİN, Meriç, Betül YÜCE DURAL, ve Mustafa KIRCA; (2016), “TÜRKİYE’DE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME VE İŞSİZLİĞİN BEBEK ÖLÜMLERİNE ETKİSİ”, Gümüshane University Electronic Journal of the Institute of Social Science/ Gümüshane Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Elektronik Dergisi, 7(17), pp. 123-140.
TOFFOLUTTİ, Veronica and Marc SUHCKE; (2014), “Assessing the Short Term Health Impact of the Great Recession in the European Union: A Cross-County Panel Analysis”, Preventive Medicine, 64, pp. 54-62.
Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK); (2016), “Bölgesel İstatistikler”, https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/bolgeselistatistik/anaSayfa.do?dil=en, 05.07.2016.
UK Data Service (UKDS); (2017), “Turkey Time Series Statistics”, https://discover.ukdataservice.ac.uk/, 23.02.2017.
VAN GOOL, Kees and Mark PEARSON; (2014), “Health, Austerity and Economic Crisis: Assessing the Short-term Impact in OECD Countries”, OECD Health Working Papers, 76, 0_4.
XU, Xin; (2013), “The business cycle and health behaviors”, Social Science&Medicine, 77, pp. 126-136.
YANG, Bijou and David LESTER; (1995), “Suicide, homicide and unemployment”, Applied Economics Letters, 2(8), pp. 278- 279.

There are 51 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	Turkish
Journal Section	Research Article
Authors	Ece H. Güleryüz Tekin Köse
Publication Date	November 1, 2017
Published in Issue	Year 2017 Issue: 633

Cite

APA	Güleryüz, E. H., & Köse, T. (2017). İşsizlik ve Sağlık Göstergeleri: Türkiye Örneği. Finans Politik Ve Ekonomik Yorumlar(633), 27-39.
AMA	Güleryüz EH, Köse T. İşsizlik ve Sağlık Göstergeleri: Türkiye Örneği. FPEYD. November 2017;(633):27-39.
Chicago	Güleryüz, Ece H., and Tekin Köse. “İşsizlik Ve Sağlık Göstergeleri: Türkiye Örneği”. Finans Politik Ve Ekonomik Yorumlar, no. 633 (November 2017): 27-39.
EndNote	Güleryüz EH, Köse T (November 1, 2017) İşsizlik ve Sağlık Göstergeleri: Türkiye Örneği. Finans Politik ve Ekonomik Yorumlar 633 27–39.
IEEE	E. H. Güleryüz and T. Köse, “İşsizlik ve Sağlık Göstergeleri: Türkiye Örneği”, FPEYD, no. 633, pp. 27–39, November 2017.
ISNAD	Güleryüz, Ece H. - Köse, Tekin. “İşsizlik Ve Sağlık Göstergeleri: Türkiye Örneği”. Finans Politik ve Ekonomik Yorumlar 633 (November 2017), 27-39.
JAMA	Güleryüz EH, Köse T. İşsizlik ve Sağlık Göstergeleri: Türkiye Örneği. FPEYD. 2017;:27–39.
MLA	Güleryüz, Ece H. and Tekin Köse. “İşsizlik Ve Sağlık Göstergeleri: Türkiye Örneği”. Finans Politik Ve Ekonomik Yorumlar, no. 633, 2017, pp. 27-39.
Vancouver	Güleryüz EH, Köse T. İşsizlik ve Sağlık Göstergeleri: Türkiye Örneği. FPEYD. 2017(633):27-39.

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