Amartya Sen: Kapasite Yaklaşımı ve Özgürlükle Kalkınma Sorunu

Öz

Her kriz döneminde artan ekonomik eşitsizlikler ekonomide hakkaniyetli bir bölüşümün nasıl olması gerektiği üzerine yapılan tartışmaların artmasına da neden olmaktadır. Bu amaçla da bu konuda düşünsel çaba harcayan düşünürlerin görüşleri tekrar ele alınmaktadır. Bu düşünürlerden birisi de önemli bir iktisat felsefecisi ve/ya sosyoloğu olan Amartya Sen'dir. Biz bu çalışmada Amartya Sen'in geliştirdiği kapasite yaklaşımı ile özgürlükle kalkınma arasındaki ilişkiyi nasıl ele aldığını irdeleyeceğiz.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Politik İktisat
• Ekonomik Metodoloji
• Amartya Sen
• Eşitlik
• Adalet
• Eşitsizlik

Amartya Sen: The Capacity Approach and the Problem of Freedom and Development

Abstract

Increasing economic inequalities in each crisis period also causes an increase in the discussions on how a fair distribution in the economy should be. For this purpose, the views of thinkers who have made intellectual efforts on this subject are discussed again. One of these thinkers is Amartya Sen, an important economic philosopher and/or sociologist. In this study, we will examine the capacity approach developed by Amartya Sen and how he deals with the relationship between freedom and development.

Keywords

• Political Economy
• Economic Methodology
• Amartya Sen
• Equity
• Juctice
• Inequality

References

1. Alexander, M. John, 2016, Capabilities and social justice the political philosophy of Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbuam, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.
2. Boz, Çiğdem, 2012, “Adam Smith ve Amartya Sen”, Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 14/3.
3. Çakmak, Hatice Karaçay, 2008, “Sen’in Yetenek Yaklaşımı Anaakım İktisada Alternatif Bir Paradigma Sunmakta Mıdır?”, Ekonomik Yaklaşım, Cilt : 19, Sayı : 68.
4. Daniels, Norman (ed), 1989, Reading Rawls: Critical Studies on Rawls' A Theory of Justice-Stanford University Press.
5. Daniels, Norman, 1989, “Equal Liberty and Unequal Worth of Liberty”, içinde Daniels, Norman (ed), 1989, Reading Rawls: Critical Studies on Rawls' A Theory of Justice-Stanford University Press.
6. Gilardone, Muriel, 2015, “Rawls’s influence and counter-influence on Sen: post-welfarism and impartiality”, European Journal of the History of Economic Thought, Taylor & Francis (Routledge), 2015, 22 (2).
7. Hahnel, Robin, 2002, "AMARTYA SEN: The Late Twentieth Century's Greatest Political Economist?" içinde Douglas Dowd (edit), Understanding Capitalism: Critical Analysis from Karl Marx to Amartya Sen, Pluto Press, London.
8. Kirmanoğlu, Hülya, 2005, “Amartya Sen’in Özgürlük Ve Kalkınma Üzerine Düşüncelerine Bir Bakış”, İstanbul Üniversitesi İktisat Fakültesi Maliye Araştırma Merkezi Konferansları, 47. Seri.

9. Martins, Nuno, 2007, "Ethics, Ontology and Capabilities", Review of Political Economy, 19:1.
10. Metin, Banu, 2014, “Yoksullukla Mücadeleye İnsan Hakları Açısından Bakmak: Amartya Sen’in Kapasite (Capability) Yaklaşımı Temelinde Bir Değerlendirme”, Journal of Yasar University, 2014 9(36).
11. Nicholas Garnham, 1997, “Amartya Sen’s ‘Capabilities’ Approach to the Evaluation of Welfare: Its Application to Communications”, Javnost - The Public, 4:4.
12. Nussbaum, Martha and Sen, Amartya (edit), 1993, The Quality of Life, Wider Studies in Development Economics, Oxford University Press, USA.
13. Pagliari, Carmen, Bucciarelli, Edgardo and Michele Alessi, 2011,"From Adam Smith to Amartya Sen: global market as a possible instrument to promote socio-economic development", Investigación Económica , octubre-diciembre de 2011, Vol. 70, No. 278.
14. Quinn, Michael, 2019, “‘The First Article to Look to is Power’: Bentham, Happiness and the Capability Approach” içinde Georgios Varouxakis and Mark Philp (edit), Happiness and Utility, UCL Press, London.
15. Rawls, John, 2005, A Theory of Justice Original Edition, The Belknap Press, England.
16. Rawls, John, 2019, Siyasal Liberalizm, çev. Mehmet F. Bilgin, Bilgi Üniversitesi Yay., İstanbul.
17. Rawls, John, 2020b, Hakkaniyet Olarak Adalet, çev. Osman Baş, Pinhan Yayınları, İstanbul.
18. Sen, Amartya, “Well-Being, Agency, and Freedom”, The Journal of Philosophy , Apr., 1985, Vol. 82, No. 4.
19. Sen, Amartya, 1977, “Rational fools: A critique of the behavioural foundations of economic theory”, Philosophy and Public Affairs, vol. 6.
20. Sen, Amartya, 1983, ‘Poor, relatively speaking’, Oxford Economic Papers, vol 35, no 2.
21. Sen, Amartya, 1988, “Freedom of Choice: Concept and Content” European Economic Review Volume 32, Issues 2–3, March 1988.
22. Sen, Amartya, 1990, “Justice: Means Versus Freedoms.” Philosophy and Public Affairs Vol. 19, No.2 (Spring 1990)
23. Sen, Amartya, 1993, "Capability and Well-Being" içinde Nussbaum, Martha and Sen, Amartya (edit), 1993, The Quality of Life, Wider Studies in Development Economics, Oxford University Press, USA.
24. Sen, Amartya, 1997, "Inequality, Unemployment and Contemporary Europe", in International Labour Review ,Vol. 136, No. 2, Summer 1997.
25. Sen, Amartya, 1999, Commodities and Capabilities, Oxford Press, UK.
26. Sen, Amartya, 2004, Özgürlükle Kalkınma, çev. Yavuz Alogan, Ayrıntı Yayınları, İstanbul.
27. Sen, Amartya, 2009, “Equality of Capacity”, https://philpapers.org/rec/SENEOC
28. Sen, Kumar Amartya, 1979, "Equality of What” in The Tanner Lectures on Human Values.
29. Sen, Kumar Amartya, 1992, Inequality Reexamined, Clarendon Press, Oxford.
30. Wells, Thomas, “Sen’s Capability Approach as an organising framework for open evaluation”, www.google.com
31. Yurdakul, Funda, 2010, “Amartya Sen’in Yoksulluk Üzerine Düşünceleri ve Sen Yoksulluk İndeksi: Türkiye Uygulaması”, e-Journal of New World Sciences Academy, Vol:5(Number:3).