Effects Of Economic, Political and Social Globalization On Ecological Footprint: The Case Of ASEAN-5 Countries

Abstract

In recent years, increasing economic, political and social interactions with the increasing effect of globalization have led to an increase in people's demands and it has been observed that different effects on the environmental quality of countries. In this study, the relationship between ecological footprint, energy consumption and economic, political and social globalization is examined in the ASEAN-5 country sample for the years 1986-2017. Panel cointegration, Augmented Mean Group (AMG) estimator and Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel causality tests were used in the analysis. According to the findings, the variables move together in the long run. In addition, it was obtained with the finding that energy consumption increases the ecological footprint in countries with significant results, and that all three globalization dimensions show different results from country to country. Finally, according to the results of the panel causality test, a bidirectional causality relationship was reached between ecological footprint and political and social globalization, and a unidirectional causality relationship towards energy consumption and economic globalization. There is a bidirectional causality relationship from energy consumption to political and social globalization, and a unidirectional causality relationship to economic globalization.

Keywords

• Ecological Footprint
• Globalization
• Panel Data Analysis

Ekonomik, Politik Ve Sosyal Küreselleşmenin Ekolojik Ayak İzi Üzerindeki Etkileri: ASEAN-5 Ülkeleri Örneği

Öz

Son yıllarda küreselleşmenin artan etkisiyle birlikte artan ekonomik, politik ve sosyal etkileşimler insanların taleplerinin artmasına neden olmakta ve ülkelerin çevre kalitelerinin üzerinde farklı etkiler ortaya çıkardığı gözlemlenmektedir. Bu çalışmada ekolojik ayak izi, enerji tüketimi ve ekonomik, politik ve sosyal küreselleşme arasındaki ilişki 1986-2017 yılları arası için ASEAN-5 ülke örnekleminde incelenmektedir. Analizde panel eşbütünleşme, Genişletilmiş Ortalama Grup (AMG) tahmincisi ve Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel nedensellik testleri kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre uzun dönemde değişkenler birlikte hareket etmektedirler. Ayrıca anlamlı sonuç elde edilen ülkelerde enerji tüketiminin ekolojik ayak izini artırdığı, üç küreselleşme boyutunun da ülke ülke farklı sonuçlar ortaya koyduğunu gösterir bulgula elde edilmiştir. Son olarak uygulanan panel nedensellik test sonuçlarına göre ise, ekolojik ayak izi ile politik ve sosyal küreselleşme arasında çift yönlü, enerji tüketimi ve ekonomik küreselleşmeye doğru ise tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkisine ulaşılmıştır. Enerji tüketiminden politik ve sosyal küreselleşmeye doğru çift yönlü, ekonomik küreselleşmeye doğru ise tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi bulunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ekolojik Ayak İzi
• Küreselleşme
• Panel Veri Analizi

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