Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırım Girişlerinde Beşerî Sermayenin Rolü: ECOWAS Ülkeleri Üzerine Bir Panel Çalışması

Öz

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, ECOWAS (Batı Afrika Devletleri Ekonomik Topluluğu) ülkelerinde Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırım (DYY) girişleri üzerinde beşerî sermayenin rolünü ampirik olarak araştırmaktır. DYY, bir ülkedeki ekonomik büyümeyi, istihdamı, teknoloji transferini ve para girişlerini teşvik eden en önemli araçlardan biri olarak görülmektedir. Birçok Afrika ülkesinde, uygulanan reformlara rağmen, DYY girişleri nispeten düşük olmaya devam etmektedir. Afrika ülkelerinde DYY girişlerinin temel belirleyicilerini değerlendiren birçok çalışma, en önemli belirleyicilerden birinin beşerî sermaye olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Ancak, birçok Afrika ülkesinde beşerî sermaye, dünyanın en az gelişmişleri arasındadır. Bu nedenle, bu çalışmada ECOWAS ülkeleri üzerine DYY girişlerinde beşerî sermayenin rolünü araştırmak için ampirik bir analiz gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu amaçla, 1991-2015 dönemi için, ECOWAS ülkelerinin on dört üye ülkesi üzerine beşerî sermayenin hem yetişkin okuryazarlık oranı hem de özgürlük derecesi tarafından temsil edildiği bir panel veri seti kullanılmıştır. Ampirik bulgular, yetişkin okuryazarlık oranının istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olmadığını ortaya koyarken, özgürlük derecesinin DYY girişlerinde beşerî sermayenin ana temsilcisi olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırım
• Beşeri sermaye
• ECOWAS ülkeleri
• panel

The Role of Human Capital in FDI Inflows: A Panel Study on ECOWAS Countries

Abstract

The main purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the role of human capital on the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows toward ECOWAS countries (Economic Community of West African States). FDI is seen as one of the most important tools that promote economic growth, employment, technology transfer and currencies’ inflows in a country. In many African countries, despite reforms implemented, FDI inflows continue to be relatively low. Many studies evaluating the main determinants of FDI in African countries have revealed that one of the most important determinants is human capital. However, in many African countries, human capital is among the least developed in the world. Therefore, an empirical analysis is conducted to investigate the role of human capital in the inflows of FDI of ECOWAS countries. For this purpose, a panel data is used for the fourteen members of ECOWAS countries over the period 1991-2015 where human capital is proxied by both adult literacy rate and degree of freedom. The empirical findings revealed that the degree of freedom is the main proxy for the human capital while the adult literacy rate is not statistically significant.

Keywords

• foreign direct investment
• human capital
• ecowas countries
• panel study

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