The Effect of the Entrepreneur's Individual Entrepreneurial Capital Types on the Venture Success (A Study in TR42 Region)

Abstract

Entrepreneurship has become an increasingly important concept due to the role it plays in the economic growth and development of countries and in increasing social welfare. In order to develop entrepreneurship in Türkiye, some state institutions aim to increase the number and success rates of entrepreneurs with financial and managerial training and support. When we look at the average data of the last ten years, 28 businesses are closed compared to 100 businesses opened annually in Türkiye. It can be said that there are problems in terms of the survival of enterprises in Türkiye where the number of enterprises is not low. Based on these data, the main problem of our study is what kind of resources (capital) entrepreneurs need in order for the enterprises to be successful. In order to contribute to the solution of this problem, the main purpose of this paper has been determined as "to determine which of the types of entrepreneur's capital has the most positive effect on the success of enterprises and to develop suggestions in this regard." In order to achieve this aim, the survey method with a high return speed and rate was preferred. Data were obtained from entrepreneurs operating in the TR42 region (Bolu, Düzce, Sakarya, Kocaeli and Yalova provinces) by survey method. The 407 answered questionnaires were analyzed with statistical methods and tools. As a result of the analysis, it has been determined that the type of capital that has the most impact on enterprise success is the entrepreneur's individual human capital. It has been determined that the financial capital of the entrepreneur and the social capital of the entrepreneur have a positive effect on the success of the enterprise, respectively. However, it can be said that the positive effect of these types of capital on the human capital of the entrepreneur is more than the positive effect on the success of the enterprise. Seen from this perspective, all three types of individual capital we examined are crucial to enterprise success. The majority (65.8%) of those who applied to State institutions in supporting the entrepreneurial process received support. However, the rate of those who did not apply at all (70.5%) was very high.

Keywords

• Entrepreneur
• Entrepreneurship
• Entrepreneurial Capital
• Human Capital
• Social Capital
• Financial Capital
• Venture Success

Girişimcinin Sahip Olduğu Bireysel Girişimci Sermayesi Türlerinin Girişim Başarısına Etkisi (TR42 Bölgesinde Bir Araştırma)

Öz

Girişimcilik, ülkelerin ekonomik büyümesinde, kalkınmasında ve toplumsal refahın artmasında oynadığı rolden ötürü zamanla daha da önem kazanan bir kavram haline gelmiştir. Türkiye’deki bazı devlet kurumları, girişimciliğin geliştirilmesi için verdiği finansal destekler, girişimciliğe dönük eğitimler ve çeşitli teşviklerle, ülkedeki girişimci miktarını ve girişimlerin performanslarını daha yüksek düzeye çıkarmayı hedeflemektedir. Son on yılın ortalama verilerine bakıldığında, Türkiye’de yılda açılan 100 işletmeye karşılık 28 işletme kapanmaktadır. Girişim sayılarının az olmamasına rağmen Türkiye’de, girişimlerin hayatta kalması açısından sorun yaşandığı söylenebilir. Bu verilerden yola çıkarak, çalışmanın temel problemi, girişimlerin başarılı olması için girişimcilerin ne tür kaynaklara (sermayelere) ihtiyacı olduğudur. Bu problemin çözümüne katkı sağlamak amacıyla, bu makalenin temel amacı, “girişimci sermaye türlerinden hangisinin girişimlerin başarısı için daha çok olumlu etkiye sahip olduğunu saptayabilmek ve bu konuda öneriler geliştirmek” olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu amaca ulaşabilmek için geriye dönüş hızı ve oranı yüksek olan anket metodu tercih edilmiştir. TR42 bölgesinde (Bolu, Düzce, Sakarya, Kocaeli ve Yalova illeri) faaliyet yürüten girişimcilerden anket metodu ile veri toplanmıştır. Elde edilen 407 cevaplandırılmış anket, istatistiksel yöntemler ve araçlarla analiz edilmiştir. Analizler sonucunda, girişim başarısına en fazla etkisi olan sermaye türünün, girişimcinin insan sermayesi olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sırasıyla girişimcinin finansal sermayesi ve girişimcinin sosyal sermayesinin de girişim başarısı üzerinde olumlu etkisi olduğu saptanmıştır. Ancak bu sermaye türlerinin girişimcinin insan sermayesi üzerindeki olumlu etkisinin, girişimin başarısı üzerindeki olumlu etkisinden daha fazla olduğu söylenebilir. Bu açıdan bakıldığında, incelenen üç bireysel sermaye türü de girişim başarısı için çok önemlidir. Girişimcilik sürecinin desteklenmesinde Devlet kurumlarına başvuranların çoğunluğu (%65,8) destek almıştır. Ancak hiç başvuru yapmayanların oranı (%70,5) çok yüksek çıkmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Girişimci
• Girişimcilik
• Girişimci Sermayesi
• İnsan Sermayesi
• Sosyal Sermaye
• Finansal Sermaye
• Girişim Başarısı

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