Research Article

The Gender Impact of Trade on Employment in Least Developed Countries

Volume: 9 Number: 3 August 25, 2025
TR EN

The Gender Impact of Trade on Employment in Least Developed Countries

Abstract

Trade liberalization leads to changes in relative prices and the sectoral structure of an economy. These changes imply gendered employment effects mainly due to the unequal distribution of skills by gender in the labor market. It might also be the case that women workers are preferred over men in certain sectoral settings to take advantage of women’s relatively low wages as a source of competitiveness in international markets. Least developed countries (LDCs) consist of the most disadvantaged economies among developing countries. This paper investigates the gendered employment effects of trade openness in the case of LDCs. Specifically, the paper estimates the impact of trade openness measures (e.g., trade ratio, export ratio, import ratio) on the female share of employment in broad economic sectors (i.e., agriculture, industry, services) using panel data analysis covering the period of 2000-2022 for 28 LDCs for which balanced panel data is available. The findings of the empirical analysis show that export share has a statistically significant and negative association with women’s share of employment in agriculture and services. The adverse impact on the female intensity of employment in agriculture may be due to gender segregation by crop observed in most LDCs. There is a positive association between import share and female intensity of employment in services. Overall, income level and demographic factors such as fertility, population growth and urbanization play a more significant role than trade openness measures in explaining the female intensity of employment in broad economic sectors in LDCs.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Labor Economics , Developmental Economy - Micro

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

August 25, 2025

Submission Date

February 21, 2024

Acceptance Date

May 17, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 9 Number: 3

APA
Aydıner Avşar, N., & Yanık İlhan, B. (2025). The Gender Impact of Trade on Employment in Least Developed Countries. Fiscaoeconomia, 9(3), 1635-1649. https://doi.org/10.25295/fsecon.1440991
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