Uluslararası İlişkiler Savaş Teorileri Bağlamında, İbn Haldun’un Felsefesinde Toplumları Mağlubiyet ve Galibiyete Götüren Nedenler

Abstract

Bu makalede İbn Haldûn düşüncesinde devletleri savaşa, yenilgiye ve zafere sürükleyen sebepler ele alınacaktır. İbn Haldun savaşları sosyal, tarihi, siyasi ve ekonomik faktörlerle birlikte açıklamaya yönelik bir yaklaşım benimsemiştir. Açıkçası İbn Haldun'un açıklamak istediği konuların tarihsel bağlamına dikkat çekmesi, geçmiş olayları ve savaşları analiz ederek gelecekteki olayları tahmin etmesi olgusal gerçekleri anlamanın ön şartıdır. Bu varsayıma dayanarak tarihsel gerçekleri analiz etmek onun metodolojisinin önemli bir parçasıdır. Onun yaklaşımında savaşlar sadece askeri strateji üzerinden değil aynı zamanda sosyal, tarihi, coğrafi, politik ve ekonomik bağlamları üzerinden de analiz ediliyor. Dolayısıyla bu makalede, savaşların karmaşıklığını uluslararası ilişkiler perspektifinden anlamamıza yardımcı olmak amacıyla, onun düşünceleri sadece devlet merkezli ve tek aktörlü bir yaklaşımla değil, medeniyet odaklı bir perspektiften de sunulmaktadır. Makalede öncelikle İbn Haldûn'un hayatındaki savaş tecrübesi üzerinde durulmaktadır. Daha sonra onun savaş teorisine göre toplumların savaşma nedenleri, ardından da zafer ve yenilginin nedenleri belirlenir. Son olarak İbn Haldun'un teorisi, düşünce tarihindeki klasik savaş teorileri ile modern savaş teorileri bağlamında karşılaştırılmaktadır.

Keywords

• Ibn Khaldûn
• Savaş
• Galibiyet
• Mağlubiyet
• Uluslararası İlişkiler

In the Context of War Theories in International Relations, the Causes of Societies' Defeat and Victory in Ibn Khaldûn's Philosophy

Abstract

In this article, the causes that lead states to war, defeat and triumph in Ibn Khaldun's thought will be discussed. Ibn Khaldun adopted an approach to explain wars with social, historical, political and economic factors. Frankly, it is a prerequisite for understanding factual facts that Ibn Khaldun draws attention to the historical context of the issues he wants to explain and predicts future events by analyzing past events and wars. Analyzing historical facts based on this assumption is an important part of his methodology. In his approach, wars are analyzed not only through military strategy but also through their social, historical, geographical, political and economic contexts. Therefore, in this article, his thoughts are presented not only from a state-centered and single-actor approach, but also from a civilization-oriented perspective, in order to help us understand the complexity of wars from the perspective of international relations. The article primarily focuses on the war experience in Ibn Khaldun's life. Then, according to his theory of war, the reasons why societies fight, and then the reasons for victory and defeat, are determined. Finally, Ibn Khaldun's theory is compared in the context of classical war theories in the history of thought and modern war theories.

Keywords

• Ibn Khaldûn
• War
• Victory
• Defeat
• International Relations

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