Green Building and Green Retrofitting in the Context of Sustainability: Green Retrofitting of Public Buildings

Abstract

Excessive use of natural resources, especially energy resources, and the release of large amounts of harmful gases into nature are among the main causes of the environmental problems we face. The areas where natural resources are used intensively are undoubtedly cities. Ever-growing cities are being built in an unsustainable manner in order to meet the building demand. This situation further deepens the already severe environmental crisis. Indeed, conventional buildings seriously damage the environment throughout their life cycle (planning, design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition). For this reason, green buildings, known as environmentally friendly buildings, are increasingly being promoted. However, when evaluated in terms of both public buildings and other buildings, the excess of existing building stock makes green retrofitting a better option than green building for now. In this context, the study was carried out by addressing the most emphasized topics (such as benefits, costs, certificates, and materials) of the research accessed from the ScienceDirect, Springer, and Taylor & Francis databases with the keywords green building and green retrofitting in relation to public buildings. The study focuses on the challenges facing the transformation of the building stock, especially public buildings, through environmentally friendly green retrofitting practices and strategies to combat these challenges. The study also briefly discusses the widely known green building certificates and the recently introduced YeS-TR green building certificates in Turkey. On the other hand, green building costs and green building materials, which affect the decisions in green building and green retrofitting, are discussed in the study due to their importance. As a result, the renovation of buildings, especially public buildings, with green retrofitting projects provides many benefits and also pays back the initial investment in a short time. For this reason, green retrofitting projects should be emphasized, especially in public buildings that consume a lot of energy and produce a lot of harmful emissions. It is also proposed to establish an administratively and financially autonomous central green empowerment administration and to organize it in the provinces.

Keywords

• Sustainability
• Green Building
• Green Building
• Green Retrofit
• Green Certification
• Public Buildings
• Cost

Sürdürülebilirlik Bağlamında Yeşil Bina ve Yeşil Güçlendirme: Kamu Binalarında Yeşil Güçlendirme

Öz

Enerji kaynakları başta olmak üzere doğal kaynakların aşırı kullanımı ve doğaya yüksek miktarda zararlı gazın salınması karşılaştığımız çevre sorunlarının temel sebepleri arasındadır. Doğal kaynakların yoğun bir şekilde kullanıldığı alanlar ise hiç şüphesiz şehirlerdir. Sürekli büyüyen şehirler ise yapı talebini karşılamak için sürdürülebilirlikten uzak bir şekilde yapılaşmaktadır. Bu durum ise zaten ağır bir şekilde yaşanan çevre krizini daha da derinleştirmektedir. Nitekim geleneksel binalar yaşam döngüsü boyunca (planlama, tasarım, inşaat, işletim, bakım, yenileme ve yıkım) çevreye ciddi şekilde zarar vermektedir. Bu nedenle çevre dostu yapılar olarak bilinen yeşil binalar giderek daha fazla teşvik edilmektedir. Ancak gerek kamu binaları bakımından gerek diğer binalar bakımından değerlendirme yapıldığında mevcut bina stokunun fazla olması yeşil güçlendirmeyi şimdilik yeşil binadan daha iyi bir seçenek olarak karşımıza çıkarmaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışma ScienceDirect, Springer ve Taylor&Francis veri tabanlarından yeşil bina ve yeşil güçlendirme anahtar kelimeleriyle ulaşılan araştırmaların en fazla üzerinde durdukları konuların (fayda, maliyet, sertifika, malzeme gibi) kamu binaları ile ilişkili bir şekilde ele alınmasıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma başta kamu binaları olmak üzere bina stokunun çevre dostu yeşil güçlendirme uygulamalarıyla dönüştürülmesinin önündeki zorluklara ve bu zorluklarla mücadele stratejilerine odaklanmaktadır. Ayrıca çalışmada yaygın olarak bilinen yeşil bina sertifikaları ve Türkiye’de henüz yeni uygulamaya konulan YeS-TR yeşil bina sertifikalarına da kısaca yer verilmektedir. Öte yandan yeşil bina ve yeşil güçlendirmede kararları en çok etkileyen yeşil bina maliyetleri ve yeşil yapı malzemeleri önemine binaen çalışmada ele alınmaktadır. Sonuçta başta kamu binaları olmak üzere binaların yeşil güçlendirme projeleriyle yenilenmesi birçok fayda sağlamakta aynı zamanda kısa sürede ilk yatırımı geri ödemektedir. Bu nedenle öncelikle çok fazla enerji tüketen ve buna bağlı olarak çok fazla zararlı emisyon üreten kamu binaları başta olmak üzere yeşil güçlendirme projelerine ağırlık verilmelidir. Ayrıca idari ve mali bakımdan özerk merkezi bir yeşil güçlendirme idaresi kurularak taşrada da teşkilatlanması önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sürdürülebilirlik
• Yeşil Bina
• Yeşil Güçlendirme
• Yeşil Sertifika
• Kamu Binaları
• Maliyet

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