ABD-Çin Rekabeti Bağlamında Kuşak ve Yol İnisiyatifi ve Denizcilik Sektörü

Öz

Günümüzde dünya ekonomisi ve uluslararası entegrasyon biçimleri hızla değişmekte, buna bağlı olarak uluslararası ticarette de hızlı değişimler meydana gelmektedir. Küreselleşme döneminde Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti (Çin) ekonomik olarak çok hızlı yükselmiş ancak 2008 küresel krizinin şiddetli etkileri önemli kırılmalara yol açmıştır. 2008 sonrası Çin’in attığı ulusal ve uluslararası adımlar Batı’da, özellikle ABD’de, artan tepkiyle karşılanmıştır. Eski haliyle küreselleşme sona ermiş görünmekte ancak yerine neyin geçmekte olduğu belirsizliğini korumaktadır. Uluslararası ticarette yaşanan bu kritik değişimler, uluslararası ticaretin önemli bir bileşeni olan denizcilik sektöründe de önemli etkiler yaratmaktadır. Dolayısıyla bu çalışmada, giderek artan ABD-Çin rekabetinin getirdiği belirsizliklerin hem genelde hem de denizcilik sektörü özelinde anlaşılmasına katkı sağlanması amaçlanmaktadır. Ekonomik ve jeopolitik yönleri olan bu rekabet, eleştirel bir uluslararası ekonomi politik yaklaşımıyla ele alınmakta ve denizcilik sektörüne etkileri Kuşak ve Yol İnisiyatifi (KYİ) örnek olayıyla, geniş bir kaynak taraması ve ikincil veriler kullanılarak incelenmektedir. Çalışma, Asya’dan Avrupa’ya ve Güney Amerika’ya uzanan altyapı yatırımlarıyla KYİ‘nin, denizcilik sektörü açısından yaratabileceği risk ve fırsatları tartışarak sonuçlandırılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• ABD-Çin Rekabeti
• Kuşak ve Yol İnisiyatifi
• Denizcilik Sektörü
• Eleştirel Uluslararası Ekonomi Politik

The Belt and Road Initiative and the Maritime Sector in the Context of US-China Rivalry

Abstract

Today, the global economy and forms of international integration are undergoing rapid transformation, leading to significant changes in international trade. During the era of globalization, the People’s Republic of China (China) experienced a remarkable economic rise, and the severe impact of the 2008 global financial crisis caused notable disruptions. In the aftermath of the crisis, China’s domestic and international initiatives have increasingly faced criticism, particularly from the West and the United States. While the previous phase of globalization appears to have come to an end, what will replace it remains uncertain. These critical shifts in international trade have also generated significant implications for the maritime industry, a vital component of global commerce. Accordingly, this study aims to contribute to the understanding of the uncertainties arising from the intensifying U.S.-China rivalry, both in general and specifically within the maritime sector. This study adopts a critical international political economy perspective to analyze economic and geopolitical competition, focusing on its effects on the maritime industry through the case study of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Utilizing an extensive literature review and secondary data, the study concludes by discussing the potential risks and opportunities that the BRI’s infrastructure investments—spanning from Asia to Europe and South America—may present for the maritime sector.

Keywords

• US-China Rivalry
• Belt and Road Initiative
• Maritime Industry
• Critical International Political Economy

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