Understanding the Distributional Characteristics of the Gender Net Income Gap in Türkiye

Abstract

This paper evaluates the gender income gap in Türkiye through an integrated analysis encompassing employment, wage, and occupational segmentation dimensions, as well as the effects of the tax-benefit system. Utilizing a microsimulation model combining a national tax-benefit framework with an income generation model, this study conducts counterfactual simulations to estimate gender income disparities absent market-related gaps. Findings reveal a significant gender gap of 71% in market income, narrowing to 67.5% when taxes and benefits are included. The redistributive effects of the tax-benefit system, though present, are limited. Occupational segregation and educational disparities, particularly among older and conservative populations, underscore persistent gaps. Addressing Türkiye’s gender gap will require transformative societal shifts in employment norms and sustained progress in educational attainment for women.

Keywords

• Gender Gap
• Türkiye
• Microsimulation

Türkiye'de Toplumsal Cinsiyet Temelli Net Gelir Farkının Gelir Dağılımı Açısından İncelenmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Türkiye'deki toplumsal cinsiyet gelir farkını istihdam, ücret ve mesleki segmentasyon boyutlarının yanı sıra vergi-fayda sisteminin etkilerini de kapsayan bütüncül bir analizle değerlendirmektedir. Ulusal bir vergi-fayda çerçevesini bir gelir yaratma modeliyle birleştiren bir mikro simülasyon modeli kullanan bu çalışma, piyasa ile ilgili boşlukların olmadığı cinsiyet gelir eşitsizliklerini tahmin etmek için karşı olgusal simülasyonlar yürütmektedir. Bulgular, piyasa gelirinde %71'lik önemli bir cinsiyet farkını ortaya koymakta, vergi ve yardımlar dahil edildiğinde bu fark %67,5'e düşmektedir. Vergi-fayda sisteminin yeniden dağıtıcı etkileri mevcut olsa da sınırlıdır. Mesleki ayrışma ve özellikle yaşlı ve muhafazakâr nüfus arasındaki eğitim eşitsizlikleri, kalıcı uçurumların altını çizmektedir. Türkiye'deki toplumsal cinsiyet uçurumunun giderilmesi için istihdam normlarında dönüştürücü toplumsal değişimler ve kadınların eğitim düzeylerinde sürekli ilerleme kaydedilmesi gerekmektedir.

Keywords

• Toplumsal Cinsiyet Farkı
• Türkiye
• Mikrosimülasyon

Supporting Institution

Destekleyen Kurum Yoktur

Ethical Statement

Etik Onay Yoktur.

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