Görsel Tabakalaşma: Birleşik Krallık Medyasında Göçmen ve Mülteci Kadınların Temsilleri

Abstract

Bu makale, Birleşik Krallık medyasındaki göçmen ve mülteci kadınların görsel çerçevelenmesini sistematik olarak incelemektedir. Çalışma kapsamında BBC, Daily Mail, Financial Times ve Metro gibi dört önemli medya kuruluşunda yer alan görseller, siyasi olarak hassas dönemlere denk gelen 20 aylık bir süreç boyunca analiz edilmiştir. Literatürde, göçmen kadınların temsiline yönelik çalışmalarda genellikle mağduriyet ya da güçlenme gibi ikili karşıtlıklar öne çıkarılsa da milliyet, hukuki statü ve ırksallaştırılmış hiyerarşiler gibi kesişimsel farklılıklar büyük ölçüde göz ardı edilmiştir. Bu eksikliği gidermek amacıyla, feminist, postkolonyal ve eleştirel medya teorilerinden beslenen titiz bir görsel içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılarak, görsel çerçevelerin farklı gruplar arasında kırılganlığı nasıl ırksallaştırdığı, ahlaki tanınmayı nasıl dağıttığı ve sosyal tanınırlığı nasıl kodladığı incelenmiştir. 3.647 görselden oluşan veri setine dayalı analiz, önemli farklılıklar ortaya koymuştur: Ukraynalı kadınlar, genellikle entegrasyon ve aidiyet çağrıştıran normalleştirici görsel çerçevelerle sunulurken, Afgan, Filistinli ve Rohingyalı kadınlar ise daha çok kimliksizleştirilmiş veya mağduriyet vurgusu içeren temsillerle sembolik dışlanmaya maruz kalmaktadır. Regresyon analizi, milliyet, görsel çerçeve seçimi ve siyasi bağlamın zaman içerisindeki değişiminin, kadınların yüzlerinin görünür olup olmadığını anlamlı biçimde belirlediğini ortaya koymuştur. Bu çalışma, görünürde insancıl olan temsillerin aslında nasıl ırksallaştırılmış eşitsizlikleri ve politik görünmezliği yeniden üretebildiğini göstererek, görsel tabakalaşmaya ilişkin akademik anlayışı zenginleştirmektedir. Gelecek çalışmaların bu görsel çerçevelerin toplumdaki etkilerini daha iyi anlamak amacıyla izleyici alımlamasına odaklanması önerilmektedir.

Keywords

• Görsel Çerçeveleme
• Göçmen Kadınlar
• Mülteci Temsilleri
• Kesişimsellik

Supporting Institution

TÜBİTAK

Thanks

Bu çalışma, TÜBİTAK 2219 burs programı kapsamında Sussex Üniversitesi’nde yürütülen araştırmaya dayanmaktadır. Desteklerinden dolayı TÜBİTAK’a teşekkür ederim.

Visual Stratification: Representations of Immigrant and Refugee Women in UK Media

Abstract

This article systematically investigates the visual framing of immigrant and refugee women in four major UK media outlets (BBC, Daily Mail, Financial Times, and Metro) over a twenty-month period spanning politically charged events. While existing literature has identified recurrent visual tropes depicting migrant women primarily through binaries of victimhood or empowerment, it frequently overlooks intersectional nuances of nationality, legal status, and racialized hierarchies. Addressing this gap, this study employs a rigorous visual content analysis informed by feminist, postcolonial, and critical media theories, emphasizing how visual frames differentially racialize vulnerability, distribute moral recognition, and code social legibility across groups. The analysis, based on a dataset of 3,647 images, reveals significant disparities: Ukrainian women are often portrayed through normalizing frames that suggest integration and belonging, whereas Afghan, Palestinian, and Rohingya women frequently appear in anonymized or victimized representations, reinforcing symbolic exclusion. Regression modeling indicates that nationality, visual framing choices, and temporal political contexts significantly predict whether migrant women’s faces are visible. This article enhances the scholarly understanding of visual stratification by demonstrating how ostensibly humanitarian imagery can reproduce racialized inequalities and political invisibility. Future research is encouraged to explore audience reception of these visual frames to elucidate their societal implications further.

Keywords

• Visual Framing
• Migrant Women
• Refugee Representation
• Intersectionality

Supporting Institution

TÜBİTAK

Thanks

This study is based on research conducted at the University of Sussex with support from the TÜBİTAK 2219 fellowship. I thank TÜBİTAK for its support.

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