Is Gender Inequality Affected by Climate Change? Evidence from the Fragile Five Countries

Abstract

Over the past 20 years, there has been an enormous rise in knowledge about climate change and its consequences for gender inequality. At the exact same time, economies face greater uncertainty, which may have an impact on gender inequality. Using a balanced panel of the Fragile Five Economies from 1990 to 2023, this study seeks to empirically investigate the impact of climate change on gender disparity within this structure. The calculated models additionally take into account the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic, economic growth, globalization, and education spending. A significant long-term connection among the study's variables is determined employing the panel cointegration tests. Additionally, the AMG (Augmented Mean Group) calculates the technique's long-term findings, and it demonstrates that pandemics and climate change exacerbated gender gaps. The findings also show that economic growth, globalization, and educational spending are important factors in reducing gender inequality. The results of the causation test revealed a one-way association between gender disparity and climate change. To guarantee that women have equitable opportunities for resources, education, and decision-making processes, policymakers should incorporate a gender perspective into policies for climate change adaptation and mitigation. Furthermore, providing women in marginalized groups with focused assistance might make them more resilient to the hazards associated with climate change.

Keywords

• Climate Change
• Gender Inequality
• Fragile Five Countries

İklim Değişikliğinin Cinsiyet Eşitsizliği Üzerinde Etkisi Var mıdır? Kırılgan Beşli Ülkeler Örneği

Öz

İklim değişikliğine yönelik ilgi, son yirmi yılda ivme kazanmış ve cinsiyet eşitsizliği üzerindeki dolaylı etkisine önemli ölçüde vurgu yapılmıştır. Aynı zamanda, ekonomiler artan belirsizlik ortamına yakalanmış olup, bu da potansiyel olarak cinsiyet eşitsizlikleri üzerinde etki yaratmaktadır. Bu çerçevede, bu çalışma 1990-2023 yılları arasında Kırılgan Beş Ekonominin dengeli bir panelini kullanarak iklim değişikliğinin cinsiyet eşitsizliği üzerindeki etkilerini ampirik olarak araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Tahmin edilen modeller ayrıca küreselleşmenin, ekonomik büyümenin, eğitim harcamalarının ve COVID-19 pandemisinin etkilerini de kontrol etmektedir. Panel eşbütünleşme testleri, çalışmanın değişkenleri arasında önemli bir uzun vadeli ilişki kurmaktadır. Dahası, AMG (Artırılmış Ortalama Grup) tahmin tekniğinin uzun vadeli sonuçları, iklim değişikliğinin ve pandemi etkisinin cinsiyet eşitsizliğini artırdığını göstermektedir. Ek olarak, sonuçlar küreselleşmenin, ekonomik büyümenin ve eğitim harcamalarının cinsiyet eşitsizliğini azaltmada önemli roller oynadığını ortaya koymaktadır. Gerçekleştirilen nedensellik testinde ise iklim değişiklinden cinsiyet eşitsizliğine doğru tek yönlü bir ilişki elde edilmiştir. Karar vericiler, iklim değişikliğiyle mücadele ve uyum politikalarına toplumsal cinsiyet bakış açısını entegre ederek kadınların kaynaklara, eğitime ve karar alma süreçlerine eşit erişimini sağlamalıdır. Ayrıca, kırılgan topluluklardaki kadınlara yönelik hedefli destekler, iklimle ilgili risklere karşı dirençlerini artırabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İklim Değişikliği
• Cinsiyet Eşitsizliği
• Kırılgan Beşli Ülkeler

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