Rethinking Homo Economicus: An Integrated Critique from Feminist and Behavioral Economics

Abstract

This article examines the foundational critique of homo economicus by integrating the perspectives of feminist and behavioral economics. Both schools challenge the neoclassical assumptions of instrumental rationality and methodological individualism by highlighting the socially embedded and psychologically complex nature of real economic agents. Feminist economics critiques the gender-blind, androcentric framing of economic theory, arguing that observed behavioral differences between men and women are shaped by gendered socialization and institutional structures, rather than innate characteristics. Behavioral economics, in turn, demonstrates that individuals deviate from pure rationality due to cognitive biases, social norms, and emotional factors. Despite differing theoretical origins, both approaches converge in rejecting the reductionist and ahistorical depiction of economic behavior in neoclassical models. This study examines how a synthesis of feminist and behavioral critiques can provide a more comprehensive and empirically grounded understanding of economic decision-making. It argues that incorporating the social construction of preferences and the contextual nature of behavior is essential for developing realistic and humane economic theories. Ultimately, the article contributes to a broader methodological rethinking of economics that centers on human complexity, interdependence, and social context.

Keywords

• Homo Economicus
• Instrumental Rationality
• Methodological Individualism
• Feminist Economics
• Behavioral Economics

Homo Economicus'u Yeniden Düşünmek: Feminist ve Davranışsal İktisatın Bütünleşik Eleştirisi

Abstract

Bu makale, feminist ve davranışsal iktisat perspektiflerini birleştirerek homo economicus kavramına yönelik temel eleştirileri incelemektedir. Her iki okul da gerçek ekonomik eyleyenlerin sosyal olarak yerleşik ve psikolojik olarak karmaşık doğasını vurgulayarak, araçsal rasyonalite ve metodolojik bireycilik gibi neoklasik varsayımlara meydan okumaktadır. Feminist iktisat, ekonomik teorinin cinsiyet körü ve erkek merkezli çerçevesini eleştirerek, erkekler ve kadınlar arasında gözlemlenen davranış farklılıklarının doğuştan gelen özelliklerden ziyade cinsiyete dayalı sosyalleşme ve kurumsal yapılar tarafından şekillendirildiğini savunmaktadır. Davranışsal iktisat ise, bireylerin bilişsel yanlılıklar, sosyal normlar ve duygusal faktörler nedeniyle saf rasyonellikten saptığını gösterir. Teorik kökenleri farklı olsa da her iki yaklaşım da neoklasik modellerde ekonomik davranışın indirgemeci ve tarihsel olmayan tasvirini reddetme konusunda birleşmektedir. Bu çalışma, feminist ve davranışsal eleştirilerin sentezinin ekonomik karar verme sürecine nasıl daha kapsamlı ve ampirik temelli bir anlayış sağlayabileceğini incelemektedir. Tercihlerin sosyal inşası ve davranışların bağlamsal doğasının dahil edilmesinin, gerçekçi ve insani ekonomi teorileri geliştirmek için gerekli olduğunu savunmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, bu makale, insanın karmaşıklığını, karşılıklı bağımlılığını ve sosyal bağlamını merkeze alan, ekonominin metodolojik olarak daha geniş bir şekilde yeniden düşünülmesine katkıda bulunmaktadır.

Keywords

• Homo Economicus
• Araçsal Rasyonalite
• Metodolojik Bireycilik
• Feminist İktisat
• Davranışsal İktisat

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