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Rethinking the Nexus Between Stock Market Development and Macroeconomic Factors: An Analysis on Türkiye

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 4, 2112 - 2125, 27.11.2025
https://doi.org/10.25295/fsecon.1681711

Abstract

The investigation of the relationship between economic growth and financial development began with Walter Bagehot's work in 1873. Although research on the relationship between the two variables later focused on financial development in the context of stock or capital markets, the pertinent literature was also separated into two categories: supply-leading hypothesis and demand-following hypothesis. Using yearly data for the years 1993–2022, this study aims to empirically measure the impact of real gross domestic product per capita and the proportion of total savings in gross domestic product on stock market development for case of Türkiye. The demand-following hypothesis forms the basis of the investigation in this regard. Both short-term and long-term empirical relationships between variables were analyzed using the error correction model and ARDL bounds testing. According to the empirical findings, the stock markets development is not statistically impacted over the long term by the amount of real gross domestic product per capita or the proportion of savings in gross domestic product. The proportion of savings in gross domestic product, on the other hand, has a negative, albeit significant, impact on stock markets development in the short term, whereas the level of real gross domestic product per capita has a positive and significant impact.

References

  • Algaeed, A. H. (2021). Capital market development and economic growth: an ARDL approach for Saudi Arabia, 1985–2018. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 22(2), 388-409.
  • Bagehot, W. (1873). Lombard street: A description of the money market. Henry S. King and Co.: London.
  • Bonser‐Neal, C., & Dewenter, K. L. (1999). Does financial market development stimulate savings? Evidence from emerging stock markets. Contemporary Economic Policy, 17(3), 370-380.
  • Boshkovska, D., Djambaska, E., Petkovski, V., & Svrtinov, V. G. (2016). Market capitalization and factors of its determination–The case of republic of Macedonia. Annals of the University of Petroşani Economics, 16(1), 41-52.
  • Chikwira, C., & Mohammed, J. I. (2023). The impact of the stock market on liquidity and economic growth: Evidence of volatile market. Economies, 11(6), 1-19.
  • Demirgüç-Kunt, A., & Levine, R. (1996). Stock markets, corporate finance and economic growth: an overview. The World Bank Economic Review, 10(2), 223-239.
  • Field, A. (2009). Discovering statistics using SPSS (Third Edition). Sage Publications.
  • Gözbaşi, O. (2015). Hisse senedi piyasası gelişimi ve ekonomik büyüme etkileşimi: Gelişmekte olan ülkeler örneği. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(2), 269-284.
  • Levine, R., & Zervos, S. (1998). Stock markets, banks, and economic growth. American Economic Review, 88(3), 537-558.
  • McKinnon, R.L. (1973). Money and capital in economic development. The Brookings Institution: Washington, D.C.
  • Müslümov, A., & Aras, G. (2002). Sermaye piyasası gelişmesi ve ekonomik büyüme arasında nedensellik ilişkisi: OECD ülkeleri örneği. İktisat İşletme ve Finans, 17(198), 90-100.
  • Nguyeh, P. D., & Minh, T. T. N. (2025). Determinants of market capitalization of listed firms: evidence from an emerging country. Journal of Economics and Development, 27(1), 38-55.
  • Nneka, U. J., Ngong, C. A., Ugoada, O. A., & Onwumere, J. U. J. (2025). Effect of bond market development on economic growth of selected developing countries. Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences, 41(1), 132-148.
  • Owiredu, A., Oppong, M., & Asomaning, S. A. (2016). Macroeconomic determinants of stock market development in Ghana. International Finance and Banking, 3(2), 33-48.
  • Perry, J. W., Keown, A. J., Scott Jr, D. F., & Martin, J. D. (1993). Basic financial management (Sixth Edition). Prentice Hall.
  • Phuong, L. C. M., Quynh, T. T., Vi, H. L. T., & Truc, D. T. K. (2023). Impact of macro factors on stock market capitalization. VNU University of Economics and Business, 3(2), 60-68.
  • Raza, S. A., & Jawaid, S. T. (2014). Foreign capital inflows, economic growth and stock market capitalization in Asian countries: an ARDL bound testing approach. Quality & Quantity, 48, 375-385.
  • Regmi, U. R. (2012). Stock market development and economic growth: Empirical evidence from Nepal. Administration and Management Review, 24(1), 1-28.
  • Şahin, D., & Temelli, F. (2018). APEC ülkelerinde hisse senedi piyasasinin gelişimin makroekonomik ve kurumsal belirleyicileri üzerine bir analiz. Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi, (Prof. Dr. Harun Terzi Özel Sayısı), 257-270. https://doi.org/10.18092/ulikidince.432961.
  • Shahbaz, M., Rehman, I. U., & Afza, T. (2016). Macroeconomic determinants of stock market capitalization in an emerging market: Fresh evidence from cointegration with unknown structural breaks. Macroeconomics and Finance in Emerging Market Economies, 9(1), 75-99.
  • Shaw, E.S. (1973). Financial deepening in economic development. Oxford University Press: New York
  • Singh, A. (1997). Financial liberalisation, stockmarkets and economic development. The Economic Journal, 107(442), 771-782.
  • Tan, Y. L.; Mohamad Shafi, R. (2021). Capital market and economic growth in Malaysia: The role of ṣukūk and other sub-components. ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance, 13(1), 102-117.
  • Van-Home, J. C. (1989). Fundamentals of financial management (Seventh Edition). Prentice Hall.
  • World Bank, (2025), World Development Indicators. https://data.worldbank.org/, Access: 20.03.2025.
  • Yartey, C. A. (2008). The determinants of stock market development in emerging economies: is South Africa different?. IMF Working Paper, WP/08/32.
  • Yartey, C. A. (2010). The institutional and macroeconomic determinants of stock market development in emerging economies. Applied Financial Economics, 20(21), 1615-1625.

Hisse Senedi Piyasası Gelişimi ile Makroekonomik Faktörler Arasındaki Bağlantının Yeniden Düşünülmesi: Türkiye Üzerine Bir Analiz

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 4, 2112 - 2125, 27.11.2025
https://doi.org/10.25295/fsecon.1681711

Abstract

Finansal gelişme ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki etkileşimin incelenmesi, 1873 yılında Walter Bagehot tarafından yayınlanan çalışmaya kadar uzanmaktadır. İki değişken arasındaki ilişkiyi ele alan çalışmalar sonraki süreçte finansal gelişmişliği daha spesifik olarak sermaye piyasaları ya da hisse senedi piyasaları çerçevesinde ele alırken, aynı zamanda ilgili literatür arz öncülü hipotezi ve talep takipli hipotez olmak üzere ikiye ayrılmıştır. Bu çalışma, 1993-2022 dönemine ait yıllık verilerden hareketle kişi başına düşen reel gayrisafi yurtiçi hasıla düzeyi ve toplam tasarrufların gayrisafi yurtiçi hasıladaki payının hisse senedi piyasalarının gelişmişliği üzerindeki etkisini ampirik olarak ölçmeye çalışmaktadır. Çalışma bu açıdan talep takipli hipotezi temel almaktadır. Değişkenler arasındaki kısa ve uzun dönemli ampirik ilişkilerin analizinde ARDL sınır testi ve hata düzeltme modelinden yararlanılmıştır. Elde edilen ampirik sonuçlar; uzun dönemde kişi başına düşen reel gayrisafi yurtiçi hasıla düzeyi ve tasarrufların gayrisafi yurtiçi hasıladaki payının hisse senedi piyasalarının gelişmişliği üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir etki doğurmadığını göstermiştir. Diğer taraftan kısa dönemde ise, kişi başına düşen reel gayrisafi yurtiçi hasıla düzeyi hisse senedi piyasalarının gelişmişlik düzeyini pozitif ve anlamlı bir biçimde etkilerken, tasarrufların gayrisafi yurtiçi hasıladaki payının ise hisse senedi piyasalarının gelişmişliği üzerindeki etkisi anlamlı olmasına rağmen negatiftir.

References

  • Algaeed, A. H. (2021). Capital market development and economic growth: an ARDL approach for Saudi Arabia, 1985–2018. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 22(2), 388-409.
  • Bagehot, W. (1873). Lombard street: A description of the money market. Henry S. King and Co.: London.
  • Bonser‐Neal, C., & Dewenter, K. L. (1999). Does financial market development stimulate savings? Evidence from emerging stock markets. Contemporary Economic Policy, 17(3), 370-380.
  • Boshkovska, D., Djambaska, E., Petkovski, V., & Svrtinov, V. G. (2016). Market capitalization and factors of its determination–The case of republic of Macedonia. Annals of the University of Petroşani Economics, 16(1), 41-52.
  • Chikwira, C., & Mohammed, J. I. (2023). The impact of the stock market on liquidity and economic growth: Evidence of volatile market. Economies, 11(6), 1-19.
  • Demirgüç-Kunt, A., & Levine, R. (1996). Stock markets, corporate finance and economic growth: an overview. The World Bank Economic Review, 10(2), 223-239.
  • Field, A. (2009). Discovering statistics using SPSS (Third Edition). Sage Publications.
  • Gözbaşi, O. (2015). Hisse senedi piyasası gelişimi ve ekonomik büyüme etkileşimi: Gelişmekte olan ülkeler örneği. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(2), 269-284.
  • Levine, R., & Zervos, S. (1998). Stock markets, banks, and economic growth. American Economic Review, 88(3), 537-558.
  • McKinnon, R.L. (1973). Money and capital in economic development. The Brookings Institution: Washington, D.C.
  • Müslümov, A., & Aras, G. (2002). Sermaye piyasası gelişmesi ve ekonomik büyüme arasında nedensellik ilişkisi: OECD ülkeleri örneği. İktisat İşletme ve Finans, 17(198), 90-100.
  • Nguyeh, P. D., & Minh, T. T. N. (2025). Determinants of market capitalization of listed firms: evidence from an emerging country. Journal of Economics and Development, 27(1), 38-55.
  • Nneka, U. J., Ngong, C. A., Ugoada, O. A., & Onwumere, J. U. J. (2025). Effect of bond market development on economic growth of selected developing countries. Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences, 41(1), 132-148.
  • Owiredu, A., Oppong, M., & Asomaning, S. A. (2016). Macroeconomic determinants of stock market development in Ghana. International Finance and Banking, 3(2), 33-48.
  • Perry, J. W., Keown, A. J., Scott Jr, D. F., & Martin, J. D. (1993). Basic financial management (Sixth Edition). Prentice Hall.
  • Phuong, L. C. M., Quynh, T. T., Vi, H. L. T., & Truc, D. T. K. (2023). Impact of macro factors on stock market capitalization. VNU University of Economics and Business, 3(2), 60-68.
  • Raza, S. A., & Jawaid, S. T. (2014). Foreign capital inflows, economic growth and stock market capitalization in Asian countries: an ARDL bound testing approach. Quality & Quantity, 48, 375-385.
  • Regmi, U. R. (2012). Stock market development and economic growth: Empirical evidence from Nepal. Administration and Management Review, 24(1), 1-28.
  • Şahin, D., & Temelli, F. (2018). APEC ülkelerinde hisse senedi piyasasinin gelişimin makroekonomik ve kurumsal belirleyicileri üzerine bir analiz. Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi, (Prof. Dr. Harun Terzi Özel Sayısı), 257-270. https://doi.org/10.18092/ulikidince.432961.
  • Shahbaz, M., Rehman, I. U., & Afza, T. (2016). Macroeconomic determinants of stock market capitalization in an emerging market: Fresh evidence from cointegration with unknown structural breaks. Macroeconomics and Finance in Emerging Market Economies, 9(1), 75-99.
  • Shaw, E.S. (1973). Financial deepening in economic development. Oxford University Press: New York
  • Singh, A. (1997). Financial liberalisation, stockmarkets and economic development. The Economic Journal, 107(442), 771-782.
  • Tan, Y. L.; Mohamad Shafi, R. (2021). Capital market and economic growth in Malaysia: The role of ṣukūk and other sub-components. ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance, 13(1), 102-117.
  • Van-Home, J. C. (1989). Fundamentals of financial management (Seventh Edition). Prentice Hall.
  • World Bank, (2025), World Development Indicators. https://data.worldbank.org/, Access: 20.03.2025.
  • Yartey, C. A. (2008). The determinants of stock market development in emerging economies: is South Africa different?. IMF Working Paper, WP/08/32.
  • Yartey, C. A. (2010). The institutional and macroeconomic determinants of stock market development in emerging economies. Applied Financial Economics, 20(21), 1615-1625.
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Econometric and Statistical Methods, Macroeconomic Theory, Financial Markets and Institutions
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Orkun Bayram 0000-0001-9958-7822

Ömer Faruk Biçen 0000-0003-1021-5198

Publication Date November 27, 2025
Submission Date April 22, 2025
Acceptance Date August 8, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 9 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Bayram, O., & Biçen, Ö. F. (2025). Rethinking the Nexus Between Stock Market Development and Macroeconomic Factors: An Analysis on Türkiye. Fiscaoeconomia, 9(4), 2112-2125. https://doi.org/10.25295/fsecon.1681711

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