Araştırma Makalesi
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Balık Gametlerinin Moleküler ve Hücresel Özellikleri, Kalite Kriterleri ve Ölçüm Teknikleri

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 30 Sayı: 1, 7 - 14, 01.03.2018

Öz

Erkek ve dişi balıkların gamet kalitesi yavru balık üretiminde çok önemli bir
rol oynamaktadır. Üretimde kaliteli gametlerin kullanılması başarı oranını ve
verimliliği arttırmaktadır. Balıklarda gamet (yumurta ve sperma) kalitesini
belirlemede kullanılan bir çok kriter mevcuttur. Biyolojik olarak gamet
kalitesi, spermin dölleyebilme kapasitesi veya yumurtanın döllenebilme ve
normal bir embriyoya dönüşebilme yeteneğidir. Bu derlemede, balık gametlerinin
moleküler ve hücresel özellikleri, kalite kriterleri ve bunların ölçüm
metotları ele alınmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Munkittrick, R.K., Moccia, D.R. (1987). Seasonal changes in the quality of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) semen: effect of a delay ın stripping on spermatocrit, motility, volume and seminal plasma constituents. Aquaculture, 64(2): 147-156. 2. Bromage, N.R., Jones, J., Randall, C., Thrush, M., Davies, B., Springate, J.R.C., Duston, J., Barker, G. (1992). Broodstock management, fecundity, egg quality and the timing of egg production in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture, 100: 141-166. 3. Kjörsvik, E., Hoehne-Reitan, K., Reitan, K.I. (2003). Egg and larval quality criteria as predictive measures for juvenile production in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus, L.). Aquaculture, 227: 9-20. 4. Aegerter, S., Jalabert, B. (2004). Effects of post-ovulatory oocyte ageing and temperature on egg quality and on the occurrence of triploid fry in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquaculture, 231: 59-71. 5. Palace, V.P., Werner, J. (2006). Vitamins A and E in the maternal diet influence egg quality and early life stage development in fish: a review. Scientia Marina, 70: 41-57. 6. Mansour, N., Lahnsteiner, F., Patzer, R.A. (2007). Distribution of lipid droplets is an indicator of egg quality in brown trout, Salmo trutta fario. Aquaculture, 273: 744-747. 7. Crespel, A., Rime, H., Fraboulet, E., Bobe, J., Fauvel, C. (2008). Egg quality in domesticated and wild seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax): a proteomic analysis. Cybium, 32: 205. 8. Brooks, S., Tyler, C.R., Sumpter, J.P. (1997). Egg quality in fish: what makes a good egg? Revi. Fish Biol. Fish., 7: 387-416. 9. Bobe, J., Labbe, C. (2010). Egg and sperm quality in fish. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 165(3): 535-548. 10. Tata, J.R. (1986). Coordinated assembly of the developing egg. Bioessays, 4: 197-201. 11. Bonnet, E., Fostier, A., Bobe, J. (2007). Characterization of rainbow trout egg quality: a case study using four different breeding protocols, with emphasis on the incidence of embryonic malformations. Theriogenology, 67: 786-794. 12. Feist, G., Schreck, C.B., Fitzpatrick, M.S., Redding, J.M. (1990). Sex steroid profiles of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) during early development and sexual differentiation. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 80: 299-313. 13. Hwang, P.P., Wu, S.M., Lin, J.H., Wu, L.S. (1992). Cortisol content of eggs and larvae of teleosts. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 86: 189-196. 14. Pelegri, F. (2003). Maternal factors in zebrafish development. Dev. Dyn., 228: 535-554. 15. Kane, D.A., Kimmel, C.B. (1993). The zebrafish midblastula transition. Development, 119: 447-456. 16. Aegerter, S., Jalabert, B., Bobe, J. (2005). Large scale real-time PCR analysis of mRNA abundance in rainbow trout eggs in relationship with egg quality and postovulatory ageing. Mol. Reprod. Dev., 72: 377-385. 17. Bonnet, E., Fostier, A., Bobe, J. (2007). Microarray-based analysis of fish egg quality after natural or controlled ovulation. BMC Genomics,8: 55. 18. Howley, C., Ho, R.K. (2000). MRNA localization patterns in zebrafish oocytes. Mech. Dev.,92:305-309. 19. Burns, K.H., Viveiros, M.M., Ren, Y., Wang, P., DeMayo, F.J., Frail, D.E., Eppig, J.J., Matzuk, M.M. (2003). Roles of NPM2 in chromatin and nucleolar organization in oocytes and embryos. Science, 300: 633-636. 20. Mishra, S., Murphy, L.C., Murphy, L.J. (2006). The prohibitins: emerging roles in diverse functions. J. Cell Mol. Med., 10: 353-363. 21. Knoll-Gellida, A., Andre, M., Gattegno, T., Forgue, J., Admon, A., Babin, P.J. (2006). Molecular phenotype of zebrafish ovarian follicle by serial analysis of gene expression and proteomic profiling, and comparison with the transcriptomes of other animals. BMC Genomics 7: 46. 22. Kayalı, H., Satıroglu, G., Tasyürekli, M. (1992). The effects of fluctuating seasonal and constant water temperatures on the photoperiodic advancement of reproduction in female rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquaculture, 205: 193-204. 23. Lahnsteiner, F., Patzner, R.A. (2008). Sperm morphology and ultrastructure in fish. In: Alavi, S.M.H., Cosson, J.J., Coward, K., Rafiee, G. (Eds.), Fish Spermatology, Alpha Science International Ltd., Oxford, pp. 2-61. 24. Tubbs, C., Thomas, P. (2008). Functional characteristics of membrane progestin receptor alpha (mPRalpha) subtypes: a review with new data showing mPRalpha expression in sea trout sperm and its association with sperm motility. Steroids, 73(9-10): 935-41. 25. Beck, J.C., Fulcher, K.D., Beck, C.F., Cloud, J.G. [1992]. Sperm surface antigen required for fertility: identification on spermatozoa of rainbow trout by use of monoclonal antibodies. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., 121: 333-339. 26. Pustowka, C., McNiven, M.A., Richardson, G.F., Lall, S.P. (2000). Source of dietary lipid affects sperm plasma membrane integrity and fertility in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) after cryopreservation. Aquacult. Res., 31: 297-305. 27. Muller, K., Muller, P., Pincemy, G., Kurz, A., Labbe, C. (2008). Characterization of sperm plasma membrane properties after cholesterol modification: consequences for cryopreservation of rainbow trout spermatozoa. Biol. Reprod., 78: 390-399. 28. Billard, R. (1983). Ultrastructure of trout spermatozoa: changes after dilution and deepfreezing. Cell Tissue Res., 228: 205-218. 29. Ohta, T., Kato, K.H., Abe, T., Takeuchi, T. (1993). Sperm morphology and distribution of intramembranous particles in the sperm heads of selected freshwater teleosts. Tissue Cell, 25: 725-735. 30. Saperas, N., Lloris, D., Chiva, M. (1993). Sporadic appearance of histonesn histonelike proteins, and protamines in sperm chromatin of bony fish. J. Exp. Zool., 265: 575-586. 31. Christensen, M.E., Rattner, J.B., Dixon, G.H. (1984). Hyperacetylation of histone H4 promotes chromatin decondensation prior to histone replacement by protamines during spermatogenesis in rainbow trout. Nucleic Acids Res., 12: 4575-4592. 32. Morisawa, S., Morisawa, M. (1988). Induction of potential for sperm motility by bicarbonate and pH in rainbow trout and chum salmon. J. Exp. Biol., 136: 13-22. 33. Morisawa, S., Ishida, K., Okuno, M., Morisawa, M. (1993). Roles of pH and cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the acquisition of potential for sperm motility during migration from the sea to the river in chum salmon. Mol. Reprod. Dev., 34: 420-426. 34. Morisawa, M. (1994). Cell signaling mechanisms for sperm motility. Zoolog. Sci., 11: 647-662. 35. Morisawa, M., Suzuki, K. (1980). Osmolality and potassium ion: their roles in initiation of sperm motility in teleosts. Science, 210: 1145-1147. 36. Oda, S., Igarashi, Y., Manaka, K., Koibuchi, N., Sakai Sawada, M., Sakai, K., Morisawa, M., Ohtake, H., Shimizu, N. (1998). Sperm-activating proteins obtained from the herring eggs are homologous to trypsin inhibitors and synthesized in follicle cells. Dev. Biol., 204: 55-63. 37. Inaba, K., Morisawa, S., Morisawa, M. (1998). Proteasomes regulate the motility of salmonid fish sperm through modulation of cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of an outer arm dynein light chain. J. Cell Sci., 111: 1105-1115. 38. Inaba, K. (2008). Molecular mechanisms of the activation of flagellar motility in sperm. In: Alavi, S.M.H., Cosson, J.J., Coward, K., Rafiee, G. (Eds.), Fish spermatology, Alpha Science International Ltd., Oxford, pp. 267-279. 39. Okumuş, İ. (2003). Rainbow trout broodstock management and seed production in Turkey: Present practices, constraints and the future. Turkish J. Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 2: 41-56. 40. Shields, R.J., Brown, N.P., Bromage, N.R. (1997). Blastomere morphology as a predictive measure of fish egg viability. Aquaculture, 155: 1-12. 41. Kjorsvik, E., Hoehne-Reitan, K., Reitan, K.I. (2003). Egg and larval quality criteria as predictive measures for juvenile production in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). Aquaculture, 227: 9-20. 42. Avery, T.S., Brown, J.A. (2005). Investigating the relationship among abnormal patterns of cell cleavage, egg mortality and early larval condition in Limanda ferruginea. Journal of Fish Biology, 67: 890-896. 43. Sakai, K., Nomura, M., Takashima, F. (1985). Characteristics of naturally spawned eggs of red sea bream. Bull. Jpn. Soc. Sci. Fish, 51: 1395-1399. 44. Springate, J.R.C., Bromage, N.R., Elliott, J.A.K., Hudson, D.L. (1984). The timing of ovulation and stripping and their effects on the rates of fertilization and survival to eying, hatch and swim-up in the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri, R.). Aquaculture, 43: 313-322. 45. Bromage, N.R., Bruce, M., Basavaraja, N., Rana, K., Shields, R., Young, C., Dye, J., Smith, P., Gillespie, M., Gamble, J. (1994). Egg quality determinants in finfish: the role of overripening with special reference to the timing of stripping in the Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus. J. World Aquacult. Soc., 25: 13-21. 46. Kjörsvik, E., Mangor-Jensen, A., Homefjord, I. (1990). Egg quality in marine fishes. Adv. Marine Biol., 26: 71-113. 47. Bromage, N.R., Roberts, R.J. (1994). Broodstock Management and Egg and Larval Quality. Wiley-Blackwell, 436 p. 48. Köprücü, K., Gür, S. (1999). Gökkuşağı alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss, W.)’nın sperma ve yumurta kalitesinin dölverimi üzerine etkisi. Hayvancılık Araştırma Dergisi, 9 (1-2): 81-86. 49. Rurangwa, E., Volckaert, F.A., Huyskens, G., Kime, D.E., Ollevier, F. (2001). Quality control of refrigerated and cryopreserved semen using computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA), viable staining and standardized fertilization in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Theriogenology, 55: 751-769. 50. Rurangwa, E., Kime, D.E., Ollevier, F., Nash, J.P. (2004). The measurement of sperm motility and factors affecting sperm quality in cultured fish. Aquaculture, 234:1-28. 51. Aydım, İ. (2011). Kültür balıklarında sperm kalitesi: Kalite parametrelerinin ölçümü ve kaliteyi etkileyen faktörler. Yunus Araştırma Bülteni, 1: 8-13. 52. Cosson, J., Linhart, O., Mims, S.D., Shelton, W.L., Rodina, M. (2000). Analysis of motility parameters from paddlefish and shovelnose sturgeon spermatozoa. Journal of Fish Biology, 56: 1348-1367. 53. Yavuz, H. (2013). Balıklarda sperm ve yumurta kalitesini değerlendirme kriterleri. Eğirdir Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(2): 22-36. 54. Viveiros, A.T.M., Jatzkowski, A., Komen, J. (2003). Effects of oxytocin on semen release response in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Theriogenology, 59: 1905-1917. 55. Aas, G.H., Refstie, T., Gjerde, B. (1991). Evaluation of milt quality of Atlantic salmon. Aquaculture, 95: 125-132. 56. Boyer, S.P., Davis, R.O., Katz, D.F. (1989). Automated semen analysis. Current problems in obstetrics. Gynecol. Fertil. 12: 165-200. 57. Fauvel, C., Suquet, M., Cosson, J. (2010). Evaluation of fish sperm quality. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 2(5): 636-643.
Yıl 2018, Cilt: 30 Sayı: 1, 7 - 14, 01.03.2018

Öz

Kaynakça

  • 1. Munkittrick, R.K., Moccia, D.R. (1987). Seasonal changes in the quality of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) semen: effect of a delay ın stripping on spermatocrit, motility, volume and seminal plasma constituents. Aquaculture, 64(2): 147-156. 2. Bromage, N.R., Jones, J., Randall, C., Thrush, M., Davies, B., Springate, J.R.C., Duston, J., Barker, G. (1992). Broodstock management, fecundity, egg quality and the timing of egg production in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture, 100: 141-166. 3. Kjörsvik, E., Hoehne-Reitan, K., Reitan, K.I. (2003). Egg and larval quality criteria as predictive measures for juvenile production in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus, L.). Aquaculture, 227: 9-20. 4. Aegerter, S., Jalabert, B. (2004). Effects of post-ovulatory oocyte ageing and temperature on egg quality and on the occurrence of triploid fry in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquaculture, 231: 59-71. 5. Palace, V.P., Werner, J. (2006). Vitamins A and E in the maternal diet influence egg quality and early life stage development in fish: a review. Scientia Marina, 70: 41-57. 6. Mansour, N., Lahnsteiner, F., Patzer, R.A. (2007). Distribution of lipid droplets is an indicator of egg quality in brown trout, Salmo trutta fario. Aquaculture, 273: 744-747. 7. Crespel, A., Rime, H., Fraboulet, E., Bobe, J., Fauvel, C. (2008). Egg quality in domesticated and wild seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax): a proteomic analysis. Cybium, 32: 205. 8. Brooks, S., Tyler, C.R., Sumpter, J.P. (1997). Egg quality in fish: what makes a good egg? Revi. Fish Biol. Fish., 7: 387-416. 9. Bobe, J., Labbe, C. (2010). Egg and sperm quality in fish. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 165(3): 535-548. 10. Tata, J.R. (1986). Coordinated assembly of the developing egg. Bioessays, 4: 197-201. 11. Bonnet, E., Fostier, A., Bobe, J. (2007). Characterization of rainbow trout egg quality: a case study using four different breeding protocols, with emphasis on the incidence of embryonic malformations. Theriogenology, 67: 786-794. 12. Feist, G., Schreck, C.B., Fitzpatrick, M.S., Redding, J.M. (1990). Sex steroid profiles of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) during early development and sexual differentiation. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 80: 299-313. 13. Hwang, P.P., Wu, S.M., Lin, J.H., Wu, L.S. (1992). Cortisol content of eggs and larvae of teleosts. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 86: 189-196. 14. Pelegri, F. (2003). Maternal factors in zebrafish development. Dev. Dyn., 228: 535-554. 15. Kane, D.A., Kimmel, C.B. (1993). The zebrafish midblastula transition. Development, 119: 447-456. 16. Aegerter, S., Jalabert, B., Bobe, J. (2005). Large scale real-time PCR analysis of mRNA abundance in rainbow trout eggs in relationship with egg quality and postovulatory ageing. Mol. Reprod. Dev., 72: 377-385. 17. Bonnet, E., Fostier, A., Bobe, J. (2007). Microarray-based analysis of fish egg quality after natural or controlled ovulation. BMC Genomics,8: 55. 18. Howley, C., Ho, R.K. (2000). MRNA localization patterns in zebrafish oocytes. Mech. Dev.,92:305-309. 19. Burns, K.H., Viveiros, M.M., Ren, Y., Wang, P., DeMayo, F.J., Frail, D.E., Eppig, J.J., Matzuk, M.M. (2003). Roles of NPM2 in chromatin and nucleolar organization in oocytes and embryos. Science, 300: 633-636. 20. Mishra, S., Murphy, L.C., Murphy, L.J. (2006). The prohibitins: emerging roles in diverse functions. J. Cell Mol. Med., 10: 353-363. 21. Knoll-Gellida, A., Andre, M., Gattegno, T., Forgue, J., Admon, A., Babin, P.J. (2006). Molecular phenotype of zebrafish ovarian follicle by serial analysis of gene expression and proteomic profiling, and comparison with the transcriptomes of other animals. BMC Genomics 7: 46. 22. Kayalı, H., Satıroglu, G., Tasyürekli, M. (1992). The effects of fluctuating seasonal and constant water temperatures on the photoperiodic advancement of reproduction in female rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquaculture, 205: 193-204. 23. Lahnsteiner, F., Patzner, R.A. (2008). Sperm morphology and ultrastructure in fish. In: Alavi, S.M.H., Cosson, J.J., Coward, K., Rafiee, G. (Eds.), Fish Spermatology, Alpha Science International Ltd., Oxford, pp. 2-61. 24. Tubbs, C., Thomas, P. (2008). Functional characteristics of membrane progestin receptor alpha (mPRalpha) subtypes: a review with new data showing mPRalpha expression in sea trout sperm and its association with sperm motility. Steroids, 73(9-10): 935-41. 25. Beck, J.C., Fulcher, K.D., Beck, C.F., Cloud, J.G. [1992]. Sperm surface antigen required for fertility: identification on spermatozoa of rainbow trout by use of monoclonal antibodies. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., 121: 333-339. 26. Pustowka, C., McNiven, M.A., Richardson, G.F., Lall, S.P. (2000). Source of dietary lipid affects sperm plasma membrane integrity and fertility in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) after cryopreservation. Aquacult. Res., 31: 297-305. 27. Muller, K., Muller, P., Pincemy, G., Kurz, A., Labbe, C. (2008). Characterization of sperm plasma membrane properties after cholesterol modification: consequences for cryopreservation of rainbow trout spermatozoa. Biol. Reprod., 78: 390-399. 28. Billard, R. (1983). Ultrastructure of trout spermatozoa: changes after dilution and deepfreezing. Cell Tissue Res., 228: 205-218. 29. Ohta, T., Kato, K.H., Abe, T., Takeuchi, T. (1993). Sperm morphology and distribution of intramembranous particles in the sperm heads of selected freshwater teleosts. Tissue Cell, 25: 725-735. 30. Saperas, N., Lloris, D., Chiva, M. (1993). Sporadic appearance of histonesn histonelike proteins, and protamines in sperm chromatin of bony fish. J. Exp. Zool., 265: 575-586. 31. Christensen, M.E., Rattner, J.B., Dixon, G.H. (1984). Hyperacetylation of histone H4 promotes chromatin decondensation prior to histone replacement by protamines during spermatogenesis in rainbow trout. Nucleic Acids Res., 12: 4575-4592. 32. Morisawa, S., Morisawa, M. (1988). Induction of potential for sperm motility by bicarbonate and pH in rainbow trout and chum salmon. J. Exp. Biol., 136: 13-22. 33. Morisawa, S., Ishida, K., Okuno, M., Morisawa, M. (1993). Roles of pH and cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the acquisition of potential for sperm motility during migration from the sea to the river in chum salmon. Mol. Reprod. Dev., 34: 420-426. 34. Morisawa, M. (1994). Cell signaling mechanisms for sperm motility. Zoolog. Sci., 11: 647-662. 35. Morisawa, M., Suzuki, K. (1980). Osmolality and potassium ion: their roles in initiation of sperm motility in teleosts. Science, 210: 1145-1147. 36. Oda, S., Igarashi, Y., Manaka, K., Koibuchi, N., Sakai Sawada, M., Sakai, K., Morisawa, M., Ohtake, H., Shimizu, N. (1998). Sperm-activating proteins obtained from the herring eggs are homologous to trypsin inhibitors and synthesized in follicle cells. Dev. Biol., 204: 55-63. 37. Inaba, K., Morisawa, S., Morisawa, M. (1998). Proteasomes regulate the motility of salmonid fish sperm through modulation of cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of an outer arm dynein light chain. J. Cell Sci., 111: 1105-1115. 38. Inaba, K. (2008). Molecular mechanisms of the activation of flagellar motility in sperm. In: Alavi, S.M.H., Cosson, J.J., Coward, K., Rafiee, G. (Eds.), Fish spermatology, Alpha Science International Ltd., Oxford, pp. 267-279. 39. Okumuş, İ. (2003). Rainbow trout broodstock management and seed production in Turkey: Present practices, constraints and the future. Turkish J. Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 2: 41-56. 40. Shields, R.J., Brown, N.P., Bromage, N.R. (1997). Blastomere morphology as a predictive measure of fish egg viability. Aquaculture, 155: 1-12. 41. Kjorsvik, E., Hoehne-Reitan, K., Reitan, K.I. (2003). Egg and larval quality criteria as predictive measures for juvenile production in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). Aquaculture, 227: 9-20. 42. Avery, T.S., Brown, J.A. (2005). Investigating the relationship among abnormal patterns of cell cleavage, egg mortality and early larval condition in Limanda ferruginea. Journal of Fish Biology, 67: 890-896. 43. Sakai, K., Nomura, M., Takashima, F. (1985). Characteristics of naturally spawned eggs of red sea bream. Bull. Jpn. Soc. Sci. Fish, 51: 1395-1399. 44. Springate, J.R.C., Bromage, N.R., Elliott, J.A.K., Hudson, D.L. (1984). The timing of ovulation and stripping and their effects on the rates of fertilization and survival to eying, hatch and swim-up in the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri, R.). Aquaculture, 43: 313-322. 45. Bromage, N.R., Bruce, M., Basavaraja, N., Rana, K., Shields, R., Young, C., Dye, J., Smith, P., Gillespie, M., Gamble, J. (1994). Egg quality determinants in finfish: the role of overripening with special reference to the timing of stripping in the Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus. J. World Aquacult. Soc., 25: 13-21. 46. Kjörsvik, E., Mangor-Jensen, A., Homefjord, I. (1990). Egg quality in marine fishes. Adv. Marine Biol., 26: 71-113. 47. Bromage, N.R., Roberts, R.J. (1994). Broodstock Management and Egg and Larval Quality. Wiley-Blackwell, 436 p. 48. Köprücü, K., Gür, S. (1999). Gökkuşağı alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss, W.)’nın sperma ve yumurta kalitesinin dölverimi üzerine etkisi. Hayvancılık Araştırma Dergisi, 9 (1-2): 81-86. 49. Rurangwa, E., Volckaert, F.A., Huyskens, G., Kime, D.E., Ollevier, F. (2001). Quality control of refrigerated and cryopreserved semen using computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA), viable staining and standardized fertilization in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Theriogenology, 55: 751-769. 50. Rurangwa, E., Kime, D.E., Ollevier, F., Nash, J.P. (2004). The measurement of sperm motility and factors affecting sperm quality in cultured fish. Aquaculture, 234:1-28. 51. Aydım, İ. (2011). Kültür balıklarında sperm kalitesi: Kalite parametrelerinin ölçümü ve kaliteyi etkileyen faktörler. Yunus Araştırma Bülteni, 1: 8-13. 52. Cosson, J., Linhart, O., Mims, S.D., Shelton, W.L., Rodina, M. (2000). Analysis of motility parameters from paddlefish and shovelnose sturgeon spermatozoa. Journal of Fish Biology, 56: 1348-1367. 53. Yavuz, H. (2013). Balıklarda sperm ve yumurta kalitesini değerlendirme kriterleri. Eğirdir Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(2): 22-36. 54. Viveiros, A.T.M., Jatzkowski, A., Komen, J. (2003). Effects of oxytocin on semen release response in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Theriogenology, 59: 1905-1917. 55. Aas, G.H., Refstie, T., Gjerde, B. (1991). Evaluation of milt quality of Atlantic salmon. Aquaculture, 95: 125-132. 56. Boyer, S.P., Davis, R.O., Katz, D.F. (1989). Automated semen analysis. Current problems in obstetrics. Gynecol. Fertil. 12: 165-200. 57. Fauvel, C., Suquet, M., Cosson, J. (2010). Evaluation of fish sperm quality. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 2(5): 636-643.
Toplam 1 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm FBD
Yazarlar

Kenan Köprücü

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Mart 2018
Gönderilme Tarihi 30 Mart 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 30 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Köprücü, K. (2018). Balık Gametlerinin Moleküler ve Hücresel Özellikleri, Kalite Kriterleri ve Ölçüm Teknikleri. Fırat Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 30(1), 7-14.
AMA Köprücü K. Balık Gametlerinin Moleküler ve Hücresel Özellikleri, Kalite Kriterleri ve Ölçüm Teknikleri. Fırat Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. Mart 2018;30(1):7-14.
Chicago Köprücü, Kenan. “Balık Gametlerinin Moleküler Ve Hücresel Özellikleri, Kalite Kriterleri Ve Ölçüm Teknikleri”. Fırat Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 30, sy. 1 (Mart 2018): 7-14.
EndNote Köprücü K (01 Mart 2018) Balık Gametlerinin Moleküler ve Hücresel Özellikleri, Kalite Kriterleri ve Ölçüm Teknikleri. Fırat Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 30 1 7–14.
IEEE K. Köprücü, “Balık Gametlerinin Moleküler ve Hücresel Özellikleri, Kalite Kriterleri ve Ölçüm Teknikleri”, Fırat Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 30, sy. 1, ss. 7–14, 2018.
ISNAD Köprücü, Kenan. “Balık Gametlerinin Moleküler Ve Hücresel Özellikleri, Kalite Kriterleri Ve Ölçüm Teknikleri”. Fırat Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 30/1 (Mart 2018), 7-14.
JAMA Köprücü K. Balık Gametlerinin Moleküler ve Hücresel Özellikleri, Kalite Kriterleri ve Ölçüm Teknikleri. Fırat Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. 2018;30:7–14.
MLA Köprücü, Kenan. “Balık Gametlerinin Moleküler Ve Hücresel Özellikleri, Kalite Kriterleri Ve Ölçüm Teknikleri”. Fırat Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 30, sy. 1, 2018, ss. 7-14.
Vancouver Köprücü K. Balık Gametlerinin Moleküler ve Hücresel Özellikleri, Kalite Kriterleri ve Ölçüm Teknikleri. Fırat Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. 2018;30(1):7-14.