Grid-Connected PV Carport Feasibility at a University Campus: Techno-Economic and Environmental Assessment with 3D Near-Shading Analysis

Öz

Despite growing institutional interest in solar carports as land-efficient alternatives to ground-mounted photovoltaics, existing feasibility studies rarely combine zone-resolved three-dimensional near-shading modelling with comprehensive techno-economic and environmental assessment, particularly in developing-economy contexts marked by tariff volatility and fossil-fuel import dependency. This study addresses this gap through a simulation-based pre-feasibility assessment of a proposed 734 kWp grid-connected PV carport system for Kastamonu University, Türkiye, using PVsyst (v7.4) with dual-zone three-dimensional near-shading modeling. Annual energy production was projected at 982,115 kWh (specific yield: 1,338 kWh/kWp/year) with a Performance Ratio of 77.25%, despite near-shading losses of 12.56%. The Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) was $0.066/kWh, near-grid-parity with the current tariff of $0.0615/kWh, with full parity projected within 3–5 years given Türkiye's upward tariff trajectory. Net Present Value, Return on Investment, Internal Rate of Return, and discounted payback period were $210,187.79, 41.90%, 14.45%, and 11.9 years, respectively, over a 20-year plant life. A five-parameter sensitivity analysis confirmed NPV remains positive under all moderate adverse scenarios. Environmental life cycle analysis revealed a net CO₂ reduction of approximately 7,442 tonnes and a 2.7-year carbon payback period. These results provide a replicable framework confirming solar carports as scalable, land-efficient solutions for institutional energy planners in developing economies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• solar carport
• photovoltaic feasibility
• near-shading analysis
• techno-economic assessment
• life cycle CO₂ assessment

Destekleyen Kurum

Kastamonu University

Etik Beyan

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Teşekkür

No specific acknowledgements were necessary for the completion of this work.

Üniversite Yerleşkesinde Şebeke Bağlantılı Fotovoltaik Otopark Fizibilitesi: 3 Boyutlu Yakın Gölgeleme Analizi ile Tekno-Ekonomik ve Çevresel Değerlendirme

Öz

Güneş enerjili araç park sistemlerine yönelik kurumsal ilginin artmasına karşın, mevcut fizibilite çalışmaları bölge çözünürlüklü üç boyutlu yakın gölgeleme modellemesini kapsamlı tekno-ekonomik ve çevresel değerlendirmeyle nadiren bir araya getirmektedir; bu durum özellikle tarife oynaklığı ve fosil yakıt ithalat bağımlılığıyla karakterize edilen gelişmekte olan ekonomilerde belirginleşmektedir. Bu çalışma, PVsyst (v7.4) ve çift bölgeli üç boyutlu yakın gölgeleme modellemesi kullanılarak Kastamonu Üniversitesi'nde önerilen 734 kWp şebeke bağlantılı fotovoltaik araç park sistemi için simülasyon tabanlı ön fizibilite değerlendirmesi gerçekleştirerek bu boşluğu gidermektedir. Yıllık enerji üretimi %12,56 gölgeleme kaybına karşın 982.115 kWh, Performans Oranı %77,25 olarak öngörülmüştür. Normalize edilmiş enerji maliyeti 0,066 $/kWh olup mevcut 0,0615 $/kWh tarifesiyle neredeyse şebeke paritesindedir; Türkiye'nin yukarı yönlü tarife eğilimi dikkate alındığında tam parite 3-5 yıl içinde beklenmektedir. Yirmi yıllık işletme süresinde Net Bugünkü Değer, Yatırım Getirisi, İç Verim Oranı ve iskontolu geri ödeme süresi sırasıyla 210.187,79 $, %41,90, %14,45 ve 11,9 yıl olarak hesaplanmıştır. Beş parametreli duyarlılık analizi NPV'nin tüm ılımlı olumsuz senaryolarda pozitif kaldığını doğrulamıştır. Çevresel yaşam döngüsü analizi yaklaşık 7.442 ton net CO2 azaltımı ve 2,7 yıllık karbon geri ödeme süresi ortaya koymuştur. Bu sonuçlar, güneş enerjili araç park sistemlerinin gelişmekte olan ekonomilerdeki kurumsal enerji planlamacıları için ölçeklenebilir ve arazi tasarruflu çözümler olduğunu doğrulayan tekrarlanabilir bir çerçeve sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• güneş otoparkı
• fotovoltaik fizibilite
• yakın gölgeleme analizi
• tekno-ekonomik değerlendirme
• yaşam döngüsü CO2 değerlendirmesi

Destekleyen Kurum

Kastamonu Üniversitesi

Etik Beyan

Yazarlar, herhangi bir çıkar çatışması olmadığını beyan ederler.

Teşekkür

Bu çalışmanın tamamlanması için herhangi bir özel teşekkür beyanı gerekmemiştir.

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