Araştırma Makalesi

A Robust and Explainable Deep Learning Pipeline with Hybrid Image Enhancement for Sickle Cell Detection

Cilt: 38 Sayı: 2 30 Eylül 2026
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A Robust and Explainable Deep Learning Pipeline with Hybrid Image Enhancement for Sickle Cell Detection

Öz

In this study, a hybrid image enhancement and explainable deep learning framework is proposed for the automatic detection of morphological features associated with sickle cell disease in microscopic peripheral blood smear images. The experimental dataset comprises 991 images and exhibits a pronounced class imbalance. To address this limitation, data integrity was strengthened through systematic duplicate and near-duplicate removal, followed by the implementation of a leakage-safe data splitting strategy. Preprocessing strategies were comprehensively evaluated to mitigate variations in contrast, illumination, and staining conditions, with particular emphasis on a controlled contrast enhancement approach. In parallel, multiple methodological components, including augmentation ablation experiments, a three-phase dynamic learning strategy, validation-based threshold optimization, region-of-interest masking, and weighted ensemble techniques, were systematically examined. Model performance was assessed using standard evaluation metrics, including ROC-AUC, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and F1-score, and further analyzed through Grad-CAM-based explainability and quantitative attention analysis. The results indicate that controlled contrast enhancement significantly improves discriminative performance; however, the selection of an appropriate operating point remains dependent on clinical priorities. Overall, the proposed framework provides a more robust and clinically interpretable decision-support pipeline for binary classification of microscopic images, highlighting the importance of data leakage prevention, error distribution analysis, and explainability in biomedical image analysis.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

  1. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Sickle cell disease. NHLBI, 2025.
  2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. About sickle cell disease. 2025.
  3. Piel FB, Steinberg MH, Rees DC. Sickle cell disease. N Engl J Med. 2017;376(16):1561-1573.
  4. World Health Organization. Sickle-cell anaemia: Report by the Secretariat. World Health Organization, 2006.
  5. Chase ML, Drews R, Zumberg MS, Ellis LR, Reid EG, Gerds AT, Lee AI, Hobbs GS ve diğerleri. Consensus recommendations on peripheral blood smear review: defining curricular standards and fellow competency. Blood Adv. 2023;7(13):3244-3252.
  6. N KT, Prasad K, Singh BMK. Analysis of red blood cells from peripheral blood smear images for anemia detection: a methodological review. Med Biol Eng Comput. 2022;60:2445-2462.
  7. Patel J, Muralikrishna H, Chadaga K, Thalengala A, Sampathila N. Sickle cell disease detection in low-resource conditions using transfer-learning and contrastive-learning coupled with XAI. Sci Rep. 2026.
  8. Tomasi C, Manduchi R. Bilateral filtering for gray and color images. Sixth International Conference on Computer Vision; 1998. p. 839-846.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Biyomedikal Görüntüleme

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

30 Eylül 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

18 Nisan 2026

Kabul Tarihi

6 Eylül 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 38 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA
Aşar, T., & Doğan, Y. (2026). A Robust and Explainable Deep Learning Pipeline with Hybrid Image Enhancement for Sickle Cell Detection. Fırat Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 38(2), 815-826. https://doi.org/10.35234/fumbd.1932194
AMA
1.Aşar T, Doğan Y. A Robust and Explainable Deep Learning Pipeline with Hybrid Image Enhancement for Sickle Cell Detection. Fırat Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 2026;38(2):815-826. doi:10.35234/fumbd.1932194
Chicago
Aşar, Tolga, ve Yahya Doğan. 2026. “A Robust and Explainable Deep Learning Pipeline with Hybrid Image Enhancement for Sickle Cell Detection”. Fırat Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 38 (2): 815-26. https://doi.org/10.35234/fumbd.1932194.
EndNote
Aşar T, Doğan Y (01 Eylül 2026) A Robust and Explainable Deep Learning Pipeline with Hybrid Image Enhancement for Sickle Cell Detection. Fırat Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 38 2 815–826.
IEEE
[1]T. Aşar ve Y. Doğan, “A Robust and Explainable Deep Learning Pipeline with Hybrid Image Enhancement for Sickle Cell Detection”, Fırat Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 38, sy 2, ss. 815–826, Eyl. 2026, doi: 10.35234/fumbd.1932194.
ISNAD
Aşar, Tolga - Doğan, Yahya. “A Robust and Explainable Deep Learning Pipeline with Hybrid Image Enhancement for Sickle Cell Detection”. Fırat Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 38/2 (01 Eylül 2026): 815-826. https://doi.org/10.35234/fumbd.1932194.
JAMA
1.Aşar T, Doğan Y. A Robust and Explainable Deep Learning Pipeline with Hybrid Image Enhancement for Sickle Cell Detection. Fırat Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 2026;38:815–826.
MLA
Aşar, Tolga, ve Yahya Doğan. “A Robust and Explainable Deep Learning Pipeline with Hybrid Image Enhancement for Sickle Cell Detection”. Fırat Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 38, sy 2, Eylül 2026, ss. 815-26, doi:10.35234/fumbd.1932194.
Vancouver
1.Tolga Aşar, Yahya Doğan. A Robust and Explainable Deep Learning Pipeline with Hybrid Image Enhancement for Sickle Cell Detection. Fırat Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 01 Eylül 2026;38(2):815-26. doi:10.35234/fumbd.1932194