Çörek Otu Posasının Aktif Karbon Üretiminde Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 33 Sayı: 1, 193 - 201, 15.02.2021

Sibel Aslan

https://doi.org/10.35234/fumbd.777876

Öz

Çörek otu posası; çörek otundan yağ ekstrakte edildikten sonra geriye kalan kalıntıdır. Bu çalışmada zirai endüstriyel bir atık olan çörek otu posası aktif karbon üretimi amacıyla öncül madde olarak kullanılmıştır. Aktif karbon üretiminde kimyasal aktivasyon işlemi uygulanmıştır. Aktifleştirici madde olarak ZnCl2 kullanılmıştır. Farklı ZnCl2 emdirme oranlarında (1:1 ve 2:1) ve 500 oC’lik aktivasyon sıcaklığında aktif karbon üretimi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen aktif karbon örneklerinin yapısal ve morfolojik karakterizasyonu BET, FTIR, XRD ve pHpzc analizleri ile yapılmıştır. 1:1 (AK1) ve 1:2 (AK2) emdirme oranlarında elde edilen aktif karbon örneklerinin yüzey alanları sırasıyla 505.073 m2/g ve 276.563 m2/g olarak bulunmuştur. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar çörek otu posasının aktif karbon üretimi için uygun bir öncül madde olduğunu göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çörek otu posası, aktif karbon, kimyasal aktivasyon, çinko klorür

Kaynakça

• [1] Aljundi IH, Jarrah N. A study of characteristics of activated carbon produced from Jordanian olive cake. J Anal Appl Pyrol 2008; 81: 33–36.
• [2] Rezma S, Birot M, Hafiane A, Deleuze H. Physically activated microporous carbon from a new biomass source: Date palm petioles. CR Chim 2017; 20: 881–887.
• [3] Kumar A, Jena HM. Preparation and characterization of high surface area activated carbon from Fox nut (Euryale ferox) shell by chemical activation with H3PO4. Results Phys 2016; 6: 651–658.
• [4] Annab H, Fiol N, Villaescusa I, Essamri A. A proposal for the sustainable treatment and valorisation of olive mill wastes. J Environ Chem Eng 2019; 7: 102803.
• [5] Bansal RC, Goyal M. Activated Carbon Adsorption. Boca Raton, Florida, USA: Taylor & Francis Group, CRC Press, 2005.
• [6] Saleem J, Shadid UB, Hijab M, Mackey H, McKay G. Production and applications of activated carbons as adsorbents from olive stones. Biomass Convers Biorefin 2019; 9: 775–802.
• [7] Yakout SM, El-Deen GS. Characterization of activated carbon prepared by phosphoric acid activation of olive stones. Arab J Chem 2016; 9: S1155–S1162.
• [8] Molina-Sabio M, Rodríguez-Reinoso F. Role of chemical activation in the development of carbon porosity. Colloid Surface A 2004; 241: 15–25.
• [9] Abdel Rahman, HH, Moustafa AHE, Kassem MG. Black cumin (Nigella sativa) as low cost biosorbent for the removal of toxic Cu (II) and Pb (II) from aqueous solutions. Int J Eng Technol IJET-IJENS 2015; 15(02): 46–66.
• [10] Ahmad A, Husain A, Mujeeb M, Khan SA, Najmi AK, Siddique NA, Damanhouri ZA, Anwar F. A review on therapeutic potential of Nigella sativa: A miracle herb. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2013; 3(5): 337–352.
• [11] Bacak Güllü E, Avcı G. Timokinon: Nigella Sativa’nın biyoaktif komponenti. Kocatepe Vet J 2013; 6(1): 51–61.
• [12] Ahmad R, Haseeb S. Black cumin seed (BCS): A non conventional adsorbent for the removal of Cu (II) from aqueous solution. Desalin Water Treat 2014; 56(9): 1–10.
• [13] Rezaei-Chiyaneh E, Seyyedi SM, Ebrahimian E, Moghaddam SS, Damalas CA. Exogenous application of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) alleviates the effect of water deficit stress in black cumin (Nigella sativa L.). Ind Crop Prod 2018; 112: 741–748.
• [14] Al-Kayssi AW, Shihab RM, Mustafa SH. Impact of soil water stress on Nigellone oil content of black cumin seeds grown in calcareous-gypsifereous soils. Agr Water Manage 2011; 100: 46–57.
• [15] Siddiqui SI, Rathi G, Chaudhry SA. Acid washed black cumin seed powder preparation for adsorption of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution: Thermodynamic, kinetic and isotherm studies. J Mol Liq 2018; 264: 275–284.
• [16] Thabede PM, Shooto ND, Xaba T, Naidoo EB. Sulfuric activated carbon of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seeds for the removal of cadmium(II) and methylene blue dye. Asian J Chem 2020a; 32(6): 1361–1369.
• [17] Abdel-Ghani NT, El-Chaghaby GA, Rawwash E-SA, Lima EC. Magnetic activated carbon nanocomposite from Nigella sativa L. waste (MNSA) for the removal of Coomassie brilliant blue dye from aqueous solution: Statistical design of experiments for optimization of the adsorption conditions. J Adv Res 2019; 17: 55–63.
• [18] Thabede PM, Shooto ND, Naidoo EB. Removal of methylene blue dye and lead ions from aqueous solution using activated carbon from black cumin seeds. S Afr J Chem Eng 2020b; 33: 39–50.
• [19] Rakass S, Mohmoud A, Hassani HO, Abboudi M, Kooli F, Wadaani FA. Modified Nigella sativa seeds as a novel efficient natural adsorbent for removal of methylene blue dye. Molecules 2018; 23: 23081950.
• [20] Uğurlu M, Gürses A, Doğar Ç. Adsorption studies on the treatment of textile dyeing effluent by activated carbon prepared from olive stone by ZnCl2 activation. Color Technol 2007; 123: 106–114.
• [21] El Aboudi I, Annab H, Mdarhri A, Amjoud M, Servant L. Activated carbon synthesis using Moroccan dates stones as precursor and application for wastewater treatment. J Mater Environ Sci 2017; 8(4): 1483–1481.
• [22] Sing KSW, Everett DH, Haul RAW, Moscou L, Pierotti RA, Rouquérol J, Siemieniewska, T. Reporting physisorption data for gas/solid systems with special reference to the determination of surface area and porosity. Pure Appl Chem 1985; 57(4): 603–619.
• [23] Thommes M, Kaneko K, Neimark AV, Olivier JP, Rodriguez-Reinoso F, Rouquerol J, Rouquerol J, Sing KSW. Physisorption of gases, with special reference to the evaluation of surface area and pore size distribution (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure Appl Chem 2015; 87 (9–10): 1051–1069.
• [24] Oliveira RN, Mancini MC, Oliveira FCS, Passos TM, Quilty B, Thire RMS, McGuinness GB. FTIR analysis and quantification of phenols and flavonoids of five commercially available plants extracts used in wound healing. Matéria (Rio de Janeiro) 2016; 21: 767–779.
• [25] Siddiqui SI, Chaudhry SA. Nigella sativa plant based nanocomposite-MnFe2O4/BC: An antibacterial material for water purification. J Clean Prod 2018; 200: 996–1008.