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The Impact Of Global Clımate Change On Irregular Mıgratıon In The World

Year 2025, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 38 - 55, 15.08.2025
https://doi.org/10.70972/gad.1633015

Abstract

Migration, which increased significantly in the first quarter of the 21st century, has positive and negative consequences, as well as different reasons. A significant part of the migrations, some of which are voluntary, are due to necessity. In addition to economic activities, wars, conflicts and natural disasters, problems arising from global climate change affect the living conditions of millions of people. Situations such as increasing temperatures and drought due to global climate change, rising sea levels, decreasing water resources and decreasing agricultural productivity can make the places where people live uninhabitable, and this is an important reason for migration.
The research reveals that migration caused by climate change creates security and development problems for communities and countries as well as individuals. Meeting the basic needs of immigrants such as nutrition, shelter and health services requires local governments and international organizations to act in cooperation. In this context, it is recommended to strengthen adaptation policies, increase resilience to disasters and implement sustainable development goals in the fight against global climate change.
As a result, the impact of global climate change on irregular migration should be considered as a multidimensional and complex process; It should be managed with long-term planning and comprehensive policies. The study aims to contribute to the development of more effective strategies by drawing attention to the main problems that arise in this process.

References

  • ADB (Asian Development Bank). (2012). Addressing Climate Change and Migration in Asia and the Pacific-Final Report. Mandaluyong City, Philippines 2012.
  • Afifi, T. & Jäger, J. (eds.). (2010). Environment, Forced Migration and Social Vulnerability. Heidelberg: Springer. Akın, G. (2013). Yüzyılımızın temel sorunlarından biri; buzulların erimesi. Antropoloji, (25), 9-27.
  • Bilben, M. S. I. (2019). Dünyadan örnekler ışığında iklim değişikliği kaynaklı göçleri anlamak. Akdeniz İnsani Bilimler Dergisi, 9(2), 335-355.
  • Bremner, J. & Hunter, L. M. (2014). Migration and the environment. Population Bulletin 69/1, 1-16.
  • Cameron, M. P. (2018). Climate change, internal migration, and the future spatial distribution of population: A case study of New Zealand. Population and Environment 3, 239-260.
  • Chatty, D. & Sternberg, T., (2015). Climate effects on nomadic pastoralist societies. Forced Migration Review 49/25.
  • CRED (Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disaster). (2016). What Is the Human Cost of Weather-Related Disasters (1995-2015)? Credcruch, Issue No: 42, Brussels.
  • Çetinkaya Eroğlu, G. ve Varol, N. (2021). Türkiye’deki Suriyeli Göçmen Nüfus İçin Yaşam Alanı Seçimi. Afet ve Risk Dergisi, 4(2), 319-330.
  • Displacement Monitoring Centre, Switzerland 2018. IDMC. (2018). Global Report on Internal Displacement. Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, Switzerland.
  • Erder, S. (1986). Refah Toplumunda “Getto” ve Türkler. İstanbul: Teknografik Matbaacılık.
  • Erian, W., Katlan, B., Assad N. & Ibrahim, S. F. (GAR) (2015). Effects Of Drought and Land Degradation on Vegetation Losses: In Africa, Arab Region, Drought and Conflict in Syria, Drylands in South America and Forests of Amazon and Congo Rivers Basins. Background Paper Prepared for the 2015 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction.
  • Faist, T., & Schade, J. (2013). Disentangling migration and climate change. methodologies, political discourses and human rights. Springer, New York. https://doi. org/10, 1007, 978-94.
  • Gemenne, F., Brücker P. & Lonesco, D. (2014). The State of Environmental Migration 2014-A Review of 2013. International Organization for Migration, SciencePo 2014.
  • Huang, C. C. & Su, H., (2009). Climate Change and Zhou Relocations in Early Chinese History. Journal of Historical Geography 35/2, 297-310.
  • IDMC (Global Internal Displacement Database). (2016). Briefing Paper. Seizing the Momentum. Displacement on The Global Climate Change Agenda. Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, Switzerland.
  • IDMC (Global Internal Displacement Database). (2016). GRID-2016-Global Report on Internal Displacement. Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, Switzerland 2016.
  • IDMC (Global Internal Displacement Database). (2017). Africa Report on Internal Displacement. Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, Switzerland.
  • IDMC (Global Internal Displacement Database). (2018). Thematic Series-No Matter of Choice: Displacement in a Changing Climate. Internal.
  • IOM (International Organization for Migration). (2009). Compendium of IOM's Activities in Migration, Climate Change and the Environment, https://www.iom.int/jahia/webdav/shared/shared/mainsite/activities/env_degradation/ compendium_climate_change.pdf.
  • IOM (International Organization for Migration). (2009). Compendium of IOM's Activities in Migration, Climate Change and the Environment.
  • IOM (International Organization for Migration). (2017). Assessing Climate Change, Environmental Degradation and Migration Nexus in South Asia. International Organization for Migration Bangladesh.<https://publications.iom.int/system/ files/pdf/environmental_degradation_nexus_in_south_asia.pdf>.
  • IPCC (İntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). (2025), Impacts of 1.5°C of global warming on natural and human systems. https://www.ipcc.ch/.
  • Islam, M. M., Sallu, S., Hubacek, K., & Paavola, J. (2014). Migrating to Tackle Climate Variability and Change? Insights From Coastal Fishing Communities in Bangladesh. Climatic Change, 124 (4), 733-746.
  • İzol, B., Yetmen, H., ve Benek, S. (2023). İklim değişikliğinin ve Değişebilirliğinin Yerel Göç ve Çatışmalardaki Rolü: Siverek-Diyarbakır (Karacadağ Yöresi) örneği. Coğrafya Dergisi, (46), 67-80.
  • Juncker, J. C. (2015). State of the Union 2015: Time for honesty, unity and solidarity. European Commission. https://ec.europa.eu/.
  • Kadıoğlu, M. (2007). Küresel İklim Değişikliği. Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Khatun, M. (2013). Climate Change and Migration in Bangladesh: Golden Bengal to Land of Disasters. Bangladesh e-journal of Sociology (2), 64-79.
  • Kwadijk, J. C., Haasnoot M., Mulder J. P., Hoogvliet M. M., Jeuken A. B., van der Krogt R. A., ... & de Wit M. J. (2010). Using Adaptation Tipping Points to Prepare for Climate Change and Sea Level Rise: A Case Study in The Netherlands. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change 1(5), 729-740.
  • Lindley, A. (2014). Questioning “Drought Displacement”: Environment, Politics and Migration in Somalia. Forced Migration Review 45.
  • Locke, J. T. (2009). Climate Change-Induced Migration in The Pacific Region: Sudden Crisis and Long- Term Developments. The Geographical Journal 175 (3), 171-180.
  • Mastrorillo, M., Licker R., Bohra-Mishra P., Fagiolo G., Estes L. D. & Oppenheimer M. (2016). The Influence of Climate Variability on Internal Migration Flows in South Africa. Global Environmental Change 39, 155-169.
  • McLeman, R. (2017). Migration and Displacement in a Changing Climate. (Eds. Caitlin E. Werrell- Francesco Femia). Epicenters of Climate and Security: The New Geostrategic Landscape of the Anthropocene. The Center for Climate and Security. 100-107.
  • MGM (Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü). (2015). Yeni Senaryolar ile Türkiye İklim Projeksiyonları ve İklim Değişikliği, TR2015-CC, MGM Yayınları.
  • Oğuz, C. U. (2009). İklim Değişikliğinin Ekolojik Bir Süreç Olarak Küresel Ölçekte İncelenmesi. Doktora Tezi. Akdeniz Üniversitesi, Antalya.
  • Oudry, G., Pak, K. & Chea, C. (2016). Assessing Vulnerabilities and Responses to Environmental Changes in Cambodia. International Organization for Migration, Phnom Penh.
  • Özel, R. (2021). İklim Değişikliği ve İklim Göçmenliği. International Academic Social Resources Journal Open Access Refereed E-Journal & Indexed & Publishing, 6(25), 910-915. E-ISSN: 2636- 7637, https://doi.org/10.31569/ASRJOURNAL.251.
  • Özel, R. (2024). İklim Değişikliği ve İklim Göçmenliği. Academic Social Resources Journal, 6(25), 910-915.
  • Pamukçu, K., (2001). Küresel Isınma Örneğinde Uluslararası Ekolojik Yaklaşım-Uluslararası Politikada Yeni Bir Bakış. Harp Akademileri Bülteni (198), 180-195.
  • Piguet, E. & Laczko, F. (2014). People on the Move in a Changing Climate. The Regional Impact of Environmental Change on Migration. Dordrecht.
  • Sakdapolrak, P. (2014). Building Resilience Through Trans locality. Climate Change, Migration and Social Resilience of Rural Communities in Thailand. TransRe Working Paper, No. 1, Department of Geography, University of Bonn.
  • Stabinsky, D. & Hoffmaister J. P. (2012) Loss and Damage: Defining Slow Onset Events. Briefing Paper on Loss and Damage. Asia and Eastern Europe Regional Meeting 27-29 August 2012, Bangkok, Third World Network.
  • Statista (2025). Number of internal displacements worldwide due to natural disasters in 2023, by type. https://www.statista.com/statistics/987173/number-people-displaced-disasters-worldwide-type/.
  • UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees) (2025). Climate crisis fuels flooding and deepens displacement. https://www.unhcr.org/news/stories/climate-crisis-fuels-flooding-and-deepens-displacement?
  • Üstün, Y. M. (2019). Antropojenik iklim değişikliğine bağlı deniz seviyesi değişiminin Sinop Yarımadası’na olası etkileri. Afet ve Risk Dergisi, 2(2), 64-79.
  • Weinthal, E., Zawahri N. & Sowers J. (2015). Securitizing Water, Climate, and Migration in Israel, Jordan, and Syria. International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, 15 (3), 293-307.
  • Wester, P., Mishra, A., Mukherji, A. & Shrestha, A. B. (eds), (2019). The Hindu Kush Himalaya Assessment-Mountains, Climate Change, Sustainability and People. Springer Nature.
  • Wodon, Q., Liverani, A., Joseph, G. & Bougnoux, N. (2014). Climate Change and Migration: Evidence from the Middle East and North Africa. Middle East- North Africa.
  • WMO (World Meteorological Organization). (2025). https://wmo-int.translate.goog/?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=tr&_x_tr_pto=tc.
  • Yalçın, C. (2004). Göç Sosyolojisi, Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Yıldız, İ. (2018). Türkiye’ye uluslararası göçler ve Türkiye’nin göç politikası. Ankara: Kırmızı Çatı Yayınları.
  • Yıldız, İ. (2023). Türkiye’de ve Dünyada Göç ve Bütünleştirme Politikaları, Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi.
  • Yılmaz, F. H. ve Navruz, M. (2019). Küresel iklim Değişikliği, İklim Mültecileri ve Güvenlik. ASSAM Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi, 13, 255-270.

Küresel İklim Değişikliğinin Dünyada Düzensiz Göçler Üzerindeki Yeri

Year 2025, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 38 - 55, 15.08.2025
https://doi.org/10.70972/gad.1633015

Abstract

21. yüzyılın ilk çeyreğinde önemli düzeyde artış gösteren göçlerin olumlu ve olumsuz sonuçları olduğu gibi birbirinden farklı nedenleri de bulunmaktadır. Bir kısmı gönüllü gerçekleşen göçlerin önemli bir kısmı da zorunluluktan kaynaklanmaktadır. Ekonomik faaliyetler, savaşlar, çatışmalar ve doğal afetlerin yanında küresel iklim değişikliğinden kaynaklanan sorunlar milyonlarca insanın yaşam koşullarını etkilemektedir. Küresel iklim değişikliği ile artan sıcaklıklar ve kuraklık, deniz seviyesinin yükselmesi, su kaynaklarının azalması ve tarımsal verimliliğin düşmesi gibi durumlar insanların içinde bulundukları mekânları yaşanmaz hale getirebilmekte, bu durum önemli bir göç nedeni olmaktadır.
Araştırma, iklim değişikliği kaynaklı göçlerin bireylerin yanında topluluklar ve ülkeler açısından da güvenlik ve kalkınma sorunları doğurduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Göçmenlerin beslenme, barınma ve sağlık hizmetleri gibi temel ihtiyaçlarının karşılanması, yerel yönetimlerin ve uluslararası kuruluşların iş birliği içinde hareket etmesini gerektirmektedir. Bu bağlamda, küresel iklim değişikliği ile mücadelede uyum politikalarının güçlendirilmesi, afetlere karşı dayanıklılığın artırılması ve sürdürülebilir kalkınma hedeflerinin uygulanması önerilmektedir.
Sonuç olarak, küresel iklim değişikliğinin düzensiz göçler üzerindeki etkisi, çok boyutlu ve karmaşık bir süreç olarak ele alınmalı; uzun vadeli planlamalar ve kapsamlı politikalarla yönetilmelidir. Çalışma, bu süreçte ortaya çıkan temel sorunlara dikkat çekerek, daha etkin stratejilerin geliştirilmesine katkı sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır.

References

  • ADB (Asian Development Bank). (2012). Addressing Climate Change and Migration in Asia and the Pacific-Final Report. Mandaluyong City, Philippines 2012.
  • Afifi, T. & Jäger, J. (eds.). (2010). Environment, Forced Migration and Social Vulnerability. Heidelberg: Springer. Akın, G. (2013). Yüzyılımızın temel sorunlarından biri; buzulların erimesi. Antropoloji, (25), 9-27.
  • Bilben, M. S. I. (2019). Dünyadan örnekler ışığında iklim değişikliği kaynaklı göçleri anlamak. Akdeniz İnsani Bilimler Dergisi, 9(2), 335-355.
  • Bremner, J. & Hunter, L. M. (2014). Migration and the environment. Population Bulletin 69/1, 1-16.
  • Cameron, M. P. (2018). Climate change, internal migration, and the future spatial distribution of population: A case study of New Zealand. Population and Environment 3, 239-260.
  • Chatty, D. & Sternberg, T., (2015). Climate effects on nomadic pastoralist societies. Forced Migration Review 49/25.
  • CRED (Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disaster). (2016). What Is the Human Cost of Weather-Related Disasters (1995-2015)? Credcruch, Issue No: 42, Brussels.
  • Çetinkaya Eroğlu, G. ve Varol, N. (2021). Türkiye’deki Suriyeli Göçmen Nüfus İçin Yaşam Alanı Seçimi. Afet ve Risk Dergisi, 4(2), 319-330.
  • Displacement Monitoring Centre, Switzerland 2018. IDMC. (2018). Global Report on Internal Displacement. Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, Switzerland.
  • Erder, S. (1986). Refah Toplumunda “Getto” ve Türkler. İstanbul: Teknografik Matbaacılık.
  • Erian, W., Katlan, B., Assad N. & Ibrahim, S. F. (GAR) (2015). Effects Of Drought and Land Degradation on Vegetation Losses: In Africa, Arab Region, Drought and Conflict in Syria, Drylands in South America and Forests of Amazon and Congo Rivers Basins. Background Paper Prepared for the 2015 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction.
  • Faist, T., & Schade, J. (2013). Disentangling migration and climate change. methodologies, political discourses and human rights. Springer, New York. https://doi. org/10, 1007, 978-94.
  • Gemenne, F., Brücker P. & Lonesco, D. (2014). The State of Environmental Migration 2014-A Review of 2013. International Organization for Migration, SciencePo 2014.
  • Huang, C. C. & Su, H., (2009). Climate Change and Zhou Relocations in Early Chinese History. Journal of Historical Geography 35/2, 297-310.
  • IDMC (Global Internal Displacement Database). (2016). Briefing Paper. Seizing the Momentum. Displacement on The Global Climate Change Agenda. Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, Switzerland.
  • IDMC (Global Internal Displacement Database). (2016). GRID-2016-Global Report on Internal Displacement. Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, Switzerland 2016.
  • IDMC (Global Internal Displacement Database). (2017). Africa Report on Internal Displacement. Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, Switzerland.
  • IDMC (Global Internal Displacement Database). (2018). Thematic Series-No Matter of Choice: Displacement in a Changing Climate. Internal.
  • IOM (International Organization for Migration). (2009). Compendium of IOM's Activities in Migration, Climate Change and the Environment, https://www.iom.int/jahia/webdav/shared/shared/mainsite/activities/env_degradation/ compendium_climate_change.pdf.
  • IOM (International Organization for Migration). (2009). Compendium of IOM's Activities in Migration, Climate Change and the Environment.
  • IOM (International Organization for Migration). (2017). Assessing Climate Change, Environmental Degradation and Migration Nexus in South Asia. International Organization for Migration Bangladesh.<https://publications.iom.int/system/ files/pdf/environmental_degradation_nexus_in_south_asia.pdf>.
  • IPCC (İntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). (2025), Impacts of 1.5°C of global warming on natural and human systems. https://www.ipcc.ch/.
  • Islam, M. M., Sallu, S., Hubacek, K., & Paavola, J. (2014). Migrating to Tackle Climate Variability and Change? Insights From Coastal Fishing Communities in Bangladesh. Climatic Change, 124 (4), 733-746.
  • İzol, B., Yetmen, H., ve Benek, S. (2023). İklim değişikliğinin ve Değişebilirliğinin Yerel Göç ve Çatışmalardaki Rolü: Siverek-Diyarbakır (Karacadağ Yöresi) örneği. Coğrafya Dergisi, (46), 67-80.
  • Juncker, J. C. (2015). State of the Union 2015: Time for honesty, unity and solidarity. European Commission. https://ec.europa.eu/.
  • Kadıoğlu, M. (2007). Küresel İklim Değişikliği. Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Khatun, M. (2013). Climate Change and Migration in Bangladesh: Golden Bengal to Land of Disasters. Bangladesh e-journal of Sociology (2), 64-79.
  • Kwadijk, J. C., Haasnoot M., Mulder J. P., Hoogvliet M. M., Jeuken A. B., van der Krogt R. A., ... & de Wit M. J. (2010). Using Adaptation Tipping Points to Prepare for Climate Change and Sea Level Rise: A Case Study in The Netherlands. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change 1(5), 729-740.
  • Lindley, A. (2014). Questioning “Drought Displacement”: Environment, Politics and Migration in Somalia. Forced Migration Review 45.
  • Locke, J. T. (2009). Climate Change-Induced Migration in The Pacific Region: Sudden Crisis and Long- Term Developments. The Geographical Journal 175 (3), 171-180.
  • Mastrorillo, M., Licker R., Bohra-Mishra P., Fagiolo G., Estes L. D. & Oppenheimer M. (2016). The Influence of Climate Variability on Internal Migration Flows in South Africa. Global Environmental Change 39, 155-169.
  • McLeman, R. (2017). Migration and Displacement in a Changing Climate. (Eds. Caitlin E. Werrell- Francesco Femia). Epicenters of Climate and Security: The New Geostrategic Landscape of the Anthropocene. The Center for Climate and Security. 100-107.
  • MGM (Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü). (2015). Yeni Senaryolar ile Türkiye İklim Projeksiyonları ve İklim Değişikliği, TR2015-CC, MGM Yayınları.
  • Oğuz, C. U. (2009). İklim Değişikliğinin Ekolojik Bir Süreç Olarak Küresel Ölçekte İncelenmesi. Doktora Tezi. Akdeniz Üniversitesi, Antalya.
  • Oudry, G., Pak, K. & Chea, C. (2016). Assessing Vulnerabilities and Responses to Environmental Changes in Cambodia. International Organization for Migration, Phnom Penh.
  • Özel, R. (2021). İklim Değişikliği ve İklim Göçmenliği. International Academic Social Resources Journal Open Access Refereed E-Journal & Indexed & Publishing, 6(25), 910-915. E-ISSN: 2636- 7637, https://doi.org/10.31569/ASRJOURNAL.251.
  • Özel, R. (2024). İklim Değişikliği ve İklim Göçmenliği. Academic Social Resources Journal, 6(25), 910-915.
  • Pamukçu, K., (2001). Küresel Isınma Örneğinde Uluslararası Ekolojik Yaklaşım-Uluslararası Politikada Yeni Bir Bakış. Harp Akademileri Bülteni (198), 180-195.
  • Piguet, E. & Laczko, F. (2014). People on the Move in a Changing Climate. The Regional Impact of Environmental Change on Migration. Dordrecht.
  • Sakdapolrak, P. (2014). Building Resilience Through Trans locality. Climate Change, Migration and Social Resilience of Rural Communities in Thailand. TransRe Working Paper, No. 1, Department of Geography, University of Bonn.
  • Stabinsky, D. & Hoffmaister J. P. (2012) Loss and Damage: Defining Slow Onset Events. Briefing Paper on Loss and Damage. Asia and Eastern Europe Regional Meeting 27-29 August 2012, Bangkok, Third World Network.
  • Statista (2025). Number of internal displacements worldwide due to natural disasters in 2023, by type. https://www.statista.com/statistics/987173/number-people-displaced-disasters-worldwide-type/.
  • UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees) (2025). Climate crisis fuels flooding and deepens displacement. https://www.unhcr.org/news/stories/climate-crisis-fuels-flooding-and-deepens-displacement?
  • Üstün, Y. M. (2019). Antropojenik iklim değişikliğine bağlı deniz seviyesi değişiminin Sinop Yarımadası’na olası etkileri. Afet ve Risk Dergisi, 2(2), 64-79.
  • Weinthal, E., Zawahri N. & Sowers J. (2015). Securitizing Water, Climate, and Migration in Israel, Jordan, and Syria. International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, 15 (3), 293-307.
  • Wester, P., Mishra, A., Mukherji, A. & Shrestha, A. B. (eds), (2019). The Hindu Kush Himalaya Assessment-Mountains, Climate Change, Sustainability and People. Springer Nature.
  • Wodon, Q., Liverani, A., Joseph, G. & Bougnoux, N. (2014). Climate Change and Migration: Evidence from the Middle East and North Africa. Middle East- North Africa.
  • WMO (World Meteorological Organization). (2025). https://wmo-int.translate.goog/?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=tr&_x_tr_pto=tc.
  • Yalçın, C. (2004). Göç Sosyolojisi, Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Yıldız, İ. (2018). Türkiye’ye uluslararası göçler ve Türkiye’nin göç politikası. Ankara: Kırmızı Çatı Yayınları.
  • Yıldız, İ. (2023). Türkiye’de ve Dünyada Göç ve Bütünleştirme Politikaları, Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi.
  • Yılmaz, F. H. ve Navruz, M. (2019). Küresel iklim Değişikliği, İklim Mültecileri ve Güvenlik. ASSAM Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi, 13, 255-270.
There are 52 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Migration, Asylum and Refugee Law, Migration, Demography (Other), Sociology of Migration, Ethnicity and Multiculturalism, International Migration
Journal Section Review Articles
Authors

İbrahim Yıldız 0000-0002-4440-837X

Publication Date August 15, 2025
Submission Date February 4, 2025
Acceptance Date July 1, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 11 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Yıldız, İ. (2025). Küresel İklim Değişikliğinin Dünyada Düzensiz Göçler Üzerindeki Yeri. Göç Araştırmaları Dergisi, 11(1), 38-55. https://doi.org/10.70972/gad.1633015