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Dynamic vs. Static-stretching Warm-up Protocol: The Effect on Physical Performance

Year 2022, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 27 - 38, 24.03.2022
https://doi.org/10.31680/gaunjss.1084408

Abstract

This study aimed to compare the effects of dynamic and static stretching warm-ups protocols on physical performance. Twenty healthy recreationally active male participants between 18-22 years of age were recruited in this study. Participants were randomized to 1 of 2 groups: dynamic stretching warm-up (DWU, n=10) and static stretching warm-up (SWU, n=10) groups. Before the intervention, Illinois agility, velocity, and vertical jump tests were conducted to measure participants' baseline physical performance. Afterward, the participants performed the dynamic or static warm-up protocol according to their groups after 10 minutes of jogging. Each warm-up exercise was done for 30 seconds. A 5-second rest was given after each movement. After completing 1 set of 5 movements, 3 sets in total, a 2-minute rest was given. Then 4-min resting were given and physical performance testing procedures were repeated. There was no significant difference between the DWU and SWU in the vertical jump (p=0.22), velocity (p=0.99), and agility (p=0.24) performances after the intervention. In conclusion, this study indicates no difference between SWU and DWU effects on physical performance.

Thanks

The authors gratefully appreciate to all volunteer participants.

References

  • Alipasali, F., Papadopoulou, S. D., Gissis, I., Komsis, G., Komsis, S., Kyranoudis, A., ... & Nikolaidis, P. T. (2019). The effect of static and dynamic stretching exercises on sprint ability of recreational male volleyball players. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(16), 2835.
  • Behm, D. G., & Chaouachi, A. (2011). A review of the acute effects of static and dynamic stretching on performance. European journal of applied physiology, 111(11), 2633-2651.
  • Blazevich, A. J., Gill, N. D., Kvorning, T., Kay, A. D., Goh, A. M., Hilton, B., ... & Behm, D. G. (2018). No effect of muscle stretching within a full, dynamic warm-up on athletic performance. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 50(6), 1258-1266.
  • Bourne, G. (1992). The physiological basis of the warm-up. Mod Athlete Coach, 30, 36-38.
  • Burnley, M., & Jones, A. M. (2007). Oxygen uptake kinetics as a determinant of sports performance. European Journal of Sport Science, 7(2), 63-79.
  • Ceylan, H. İ., Saygın, Ö., & Yıldız, M. (2014). Acute effects of different warm-up procedures on 30m. sprint, slalom dribbling, vertical jump and flexibility performance in women futsal players. Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(1), 19-28.
  • Cornwell, A. (2001). Acute effects of muscle stretching on vertical jump performance. J Hum Mov Studies, 40, 307-324.
  • Curry, B. S., Chengkalath, D., Crouch, G. J., Romance, M., & Manns, P. J. (2009). Acute effects of dynamic stretching, static stretching, and light aerobic activity on muscular performance in women. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 23(6), 1811-1819.
  • Gelen, E. (2010). Acute effects of different warm-up methods on sprint, slalom dribbling, and penalty kick performance in soccer players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 24(4), 950-956.
  • Gray, S. R., Soderlund, K., Watson, M., & Ferguson, R. A. (2011). Skeletal muscle ATP turnover and single fibre ATP and PCr content during intense exercise at different muscle temperatures in humans. Pflügers Archiv-European Journal of Physiology, 462(6), 885-893.
  • Homoud, M. N. A. (2015). Relationships between Illinois agility test and reaction time in male athletes. The Swedish Journal of Scientific Research, 2(3), 28-33.
  • Hough, P. A., Ross, E. Z., & Howatson, G. (2009). Effects of dynamic and static stretching on vertical jump performance and electromyographic activity. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 23(2), 507-512.
  • Topçu, H. (2017). Farklı Isınma Protokollerinin Sporcu Performansına Akut Etkileri (Doctoral dissertation, Bursa Uludag University (Turkey)).
  • Fakazlı, A. E., & Kolayiş, İ. E. (2018). Farklı ısınma aktivitelerinin 50 m yüzme performansı üzerine etkisi. Online Türk Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(3), 125-134.
  • Keskin, K., Birinci, Y. Z., Topçu, H., & Pancar, S. The Effects of Different Passive Rest Periods On Submaximal Running Performance. The Journal of Eurasia Sport Sciences and Medicine, 3(1), 41-49.
  • Pancar, S. (2020) The Effect of Branched Chain Amino Acids Intake Before and After Exercise on Physical Performance and Recovery. Ambient Science, 2020: Vol. 07(Sp1); 243-246
  • Sale, D. G. (2002). Postactivation potentiation: role in human performance. Exercise and sport sciences reviews, 30(3), 138-143.
  • Smith, C. A. (1994). The warm-up procedure: to stretch or not to stretch. A brief review. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 19(1), 12-17.
  • Turki, O., Dhahbi, W., Padulo, J., Khalifa, R., Ridène, S., Alamri, K., ... & Chamari, K. (2019). Warm-up with dynamic stretching: positive effects on match-measured change of direction performance in young elite volleyball players. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 15(4), 528-533.
  • Kubo, K., Kanehisa, H., & Fukunaga, T. (2001). Is passive stiffness in human muscles related to the elasticity of tendon structures?. European journal of applied physiology, 85(3), 226-232.
  • Lin, W. C., Lee, C. L., & Chang, N. J. (2020). Acute effects of dynamic stretching followed by vibration foam rolling on sports performance of badminton athletes. Journal of sports science & medicine, 19(2), 420.
  • Little T, Williams AG. (2006). Effects of differential stretching protocols during warm-ups on high-speed motor capacities in professional soccer players. J Strength Cond Res. 20(1):203-7.
  • McNeal, J. R., & Sands, W. A. (2003). Acute static stretching reduces lower extremity power in trained children. Pediatric Exercise Science, 15(2), 139-145.
  • McMillian, D. J., Moore, J. H., Hatler, B. S., & Taylor, D. C. (2006). Dynamic vs. static-stretching warm up: the effect on power and agility performance. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 20(3), 492-499.
  • Samson, M., Button, D. C., Chaouachi, A., & Behm, D. G. (2012). Effects of dynamic and static stretching within general and activity specific warm-up protocols. Journal of sports science & medicine, 11(2), 279–285.
  • Torres, E. M., Kraemer, W. J., Vingren, J. L., Volek, J. S., Hatfield, D. L., Spiering, B. A., ... & Maresh, C. M. (2008). Effects of stretching on upper-body muscular performance. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 22(4), 1279-1285.
  • Young, W., & Elliott, S. (2001). Acute effects of static stretching, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching, and maximum voluntary contractions on explosive force production and jumping performance. Research quarterly for exercise and sport, 72(3), 273-279.
  • Zmijewski, P., Lipinska, P., Czajkowska, A., Mróz, A., Kapuściński, P., & Mazurek, K. (2020). Acute effects of a static vs. a dynamic stretching warm-up on repeated-sprint performance in female handball players. Journal of human kinetics, 72(1), 161-172.

Dynamic vs. Static-stretching Warm-up Protocol: The Effect on Physical Performance

Year 2022, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 27 - 38, 24.03.2022
https://doi.org/10.31680/gaunjss.1084408

Abstract

Bu çalışma, dinamik ve statik germe ısınma protokollerinin fiziksel performans üzerindeki etkilerini karşılaştırmayı amaçlamıştır. Bu çalışmaya 18-22 yaşları arasında 20 sağlıklı, rekreasyonel olarak aktif erkek katılımcı dahil edilmiştir. Katılımcılar 2 gruptan birine randomize şekilde yerleştirildi: dinamik germe ısınma (DGI, n=10) ve statik germe ısınma (SGI, n=10) grupları. Deneysel müdahaleden önce, katılımcıların temel fiziksel performansını ölçmek için Illinois çeviklik, sürat ve dikey sıçrama testleri yapıldı. Daha sonra katılımcılar, 10 dakikalık koşunun ardından gruplarına göre dinamik veya statik ısınma protokolünü uygulamışlardır. Her ısınma hareketi 30 saniye boyunca yapıldı. Her hareketten sonra 5 saniye dinlenme verildi. Katılımcıların, 1 set 5 hareket olmak üzere, setler arası 2 dakikalık dinleme verilerek 3 seti tamamlamaları sağlanmıştır. Ardından 4 dakika dinlenme verilerek fiziksel performans test işlemleri tekrarlanmıştır. Deneysel müdahale sonrası dikey sıçrama (p=0.22), sürat (p=0.99) ve çeviklik (p=0.24) performanslarında DGI ve SGI arasında anlamlı bir fark saptanmamıştır. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışma dinamik germe ve statik germe ısınma protokollerinin fiziksel performansa etkileri arasında bir fark olmadığını göstermektedir.

References

  • Alipasali, F., Papadopoulou, S. D., Gissis, I., Komsis, G., Komsis, S., Kyranoudis, A., ... & Nikolaidis, P. T. (2019). The effect of static and dynamic stretching exercises on sprint ability of recreational male volleyball players. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(16), 2835.
  • Behm, D. G., & Chaouachi, A. (2011). A review of the acute effects of static and dynamic stretching on performance. European journal of applied physiology, 111(11), 2633-2651.
  • Blazevich, A. J., Gill, N. D., Kvorning, T., Kay, A. D., Goh, A. M., Hilton, B., ... & Behm, D. G. (2018). No effect of muscle stretching within a full, dynamic warm-up on athletic performance. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 50(6), 1258-1266.
  • Bourne, G. (1992). The physiological basis of the warm-up. Mod Athlete Coach, 30, 36-38.
  • Burnley, M., & Jones, A. M. (2007). Oxygen uptake kinetics as a determinant of sports performance. European Journal of Sport Science, 7(2), 63-79.
  • Ceylan, H. İ., Saygın, Ö., & Yıldız, M. (2014). Acute effects of different warm-up procedures on 30m. sprint, slalom dribbling, vertical jump and flexibility performance in women futsal players. Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(1), 19-28.
  • Cornwell, A. (2001). Acute effects of muscle stretching on vertical jump performance. J Hum Mov Studies, 40, 307-324.
  • Curry, B. S., Chengkalath, D., Crouch, G. J., Romance, M., & Manns, P. J. (2009). Acute effects of dynamic stretching, static stretching, and light aerobic activity on muscular performance in women. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 23(6), 1811-1819.
  • Gelen, E. (2010). Acute effects of different warm-up methods on sprint, slalom dribbling, and penalty kick performance in soccer players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 24(4), 950-956.
  • Gray, S. R., Soderlund, K., Watson, M., & Ferguson, R. A. (2011). Skeletal muscle ATP turnover and single fibre ATP and PCr content during intense exercise at different muscle temperatures in humans. Pflügers Archiv-European Journal of Physiology, 462(6), 885-893.
  • Homoud, M. N. A. (2015). Relationships between Illinois agility test and reaction time in male athletes. The Swedish Journal of Scientific Research, 2(3), 28-33.
  • Hough, P. A., Ross, E. Z., & Howatson, G. (2009). Effects of dynamic and static stretching on vertical jump performance and electromyographic activity. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 23(2), 507-512.
  • Topçu, H. (2017). Farklı Isınma Protokollerinin Sporcu Performansına Akut Etkileri (Doctoral dissertation, Bursa Uludag University (Turkey)).
  • Fakazlı, A. E., & Kolayiş, İ. E. (2018). Farklı ısınma aktivitelerinin 50 m yüzme performansı üzerine etkisi. Online Türk Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(3), 125-134.
  • Keskin, K., Birinci, Y. Z., Topçu, H., & Pancar, S. The Effects of Different Passive Rest Periods On Submaximal Running Performance. The Journal of Eurasia Sport Sciences and Medicine, 3(1), 41-49.
  • Pancar, S. (2020) The Effect of Branched Chain Amino Acids Intake Before and After Exercise on Physical Performance and Recovery. Ambient Science, 2020: Vol. 07(Sp1); 243-246
  • Sale, D. G. (2002). Postactivation potentiation: role in human performance. Exercise and sport sciences reviews, 30(3), 138-143.
  • Smith, C. A. (1994). The warm-up procedure: to stretch or not to stretch. A brief review. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 19(1), 12-17.
  • Turki, O., Dhahbi, W., Padulo, J., Khalifa, R., Ridène, S., Alamri, K., ... & Chamari, K. (2019). Warm-up with dynamic stretching: positive effects on match-measured change of direction performance in young elite volleyball players. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 15(4), 528-533.
  • Kubo, K., Kanehisa, H., & Fukunaga, T. (2001). Is passive stiffness in human muscles related to the elasticity of tendon structures?. European journal of applied physiology, 85(3), 226-232.
  • Lin, W. C., Lee, C. L., & Chang, N. J. (2020). Acute effects of dynamic stretching followed by vibration foam rolling on sports performance of badminton athletes. Journal of sports science & medicine, 19(2), 420.
  • Little T, Williams AG. (2006). Effects of differential stretching protocols during warm-ups on high-speed motor capacities in professional soccer players. J Strength Cond Res. 20(1):203-7.
  • McNeal, J. R., & Sands, W. A. (2003). Acute static stretching reduces lower extremity power in trained children. Pediatric Exercise Science, 15(2), 139-145.
  • McMillian, D. J., Moore, J. H., Hatler, B. S., & Taylor, D. C. (2006). Dynamic vs. static-stretching warm up: the effect on power and agility performance. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 20(3), 492-499.
  • Samson, M., Button, D. C., Chaouachi, A., & Behm, D. G. (2012). Effects of dynamic and static stretching within general and activity specific warm-up protocols. Journal of sports science & medicine, 11(2), 279–285.
  • Torres, E. M., Kraemer, W. J., Vingren, J. L., Volek, J. S., Hatfield, D. L., Spiering, B. A., ... & Maresh, C. M. (2008). Effects of stretching on upper-body muscular performance. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 22(4), 1279-1285.
  • Young, W., & Elliott, S. (2001). Acute effects of static stretching, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching, and maximum voluntary contractions on explosive force production and jumping performance. Research quarterly for exercise and sport, 72(3), 273-279.
  • Zmijewski, P., Lipinska, P., Czajkowska, A., Mróz, A., Kapuściński, P., & Mazurek, K. (2020). Acute effects of a static vs. a dynamic stretching warm-up on repeated-sprint performance in female handball players. Journal of human kinetics, 72(1), 161-172.
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Sports Medicine
Journal Section Hareket ve Antrenman Bilimleri
Authors

Yakup Birinci 0000-0002-1772-6014

Tuncay Öcal 0000-0001-8440-6769

Hüseyin Topçu 0000-0003-0623-883X

Kadir Keskin 0000-0002-7458-7225

Publication Date March 24, 2022
Submission Date March 8, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Birinci, Y., Öcal, T., Topçu, H., Keskin, K. (2022). Dynamic vs. Static-stretching Warm-up Protocol: The Effect on Physical Performance. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(1), 27-38. https://doi.org/10.31680/gaunjss.1084408

ISSN: 2536-5339

Gaziantep Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi

16157

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