Fiziksel Aktivite ve Sağlıklı Beslenme ile Obeziteyi Önleme: Ebeveyn ve Çocuk Yeme Algılarının Niteliksel Bir Çalışması
Year 2023,
Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 280 - 297, 25.09.2023
Neslihan Akçay
,
Hilal Doğan Güney
,
Kadir Keskin
,
Pınar Göbel
Abstract
Çocukluk çağı obezitesi ileride erişkin obezitesi olarak devam etmesi, komplikasyonlara bağlı morbidite ve mortalitede ciddi artışlar yaşanmasından dolayı çocuklukta obeziteyi sebep olan nedenlerin ve engelleyici faktörlerin belirlenmesi önem kazanmaktadır. Bu bağlamda bu çalışmanın amacı; çocuklarda obeziteyi önleme programları, sağlıklı beslenme programı ve fiziksel aktivite uyum becerilerinin önündeki engelleri, kolaylaştırıcıları ortaya çıkarmak ve ebeveyn görüşleri ile birlikte değerlendirmek amacıyla planlanmıştır. Çalışma grubunu, Karabük ilinde Sağlık Bakanlığı’na bağlı bir Obezite Polikliniğine başvuran katılımcıların 9-15 yaş arası yaş ortalaması 13.7±0.7 olan 35 çocuk (13 kız, 22 erkek) ve yaş ortalaması 44.3±2.3 olan 35 ebeveyn (27 kadın, 8 erkek) katılımcı oluşturmuştur. Çocuk katılımcıların vücut ağırlığı ortalaması 66.2±9 kg; boy uzunluğu ortalaması 155.7±5 cm; ebeveynlerin ise vücut ağırlığı ortalaması 84.3±13 kg; boy uzunluğu ortalaması 168.3±6 cm olarak bulunmuştur. Ebeveynlerin BKİ ortalamasına göre %37.2’si fazla kilolu ve obez grubunda iken; çocukların BKİ-Z skor ortalamasına göre %46.2 si fazla kilolu ve obez grubundadır. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yaklaşımı temel alınarak yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme yöntemi kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda, çocuğun yaşı ve cinsiyeti gibi özelliklerinin yanı sıra fiziksel inaktivite, hane halkı ve anne-babaya ait bazı faktörlerin fazla kilolu olma ile ilişkili olduğu bulunmuştur. Tüm bu sonuçlar sağlıklı besin tüketimi ve fiziksel aktivite konusunda çocukluk çağından başlayarak bilincin artırılması yönünde devlet, sivil toplum örgütleri ve sağlık çalışanlarının ortak çalışmasının gerekliliğini göstermektedir.
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Kurspahić-Mujčić, A., & Mujčić, A. (2020). Factors associated with overweight and obesity in preschool children. Med. Glas, 17, 538-543.
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- Mittal, M. ve Jain, V. (2021). Çocuklarda ve ergenlerde obezite ve komplikasyonlarının yönetimi. Indian Journal of Pediatrics , 88 (12), 1222-1234.
- Nisar N. (2018). Childhood obesity: A major public health challenge of 21st century. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons—Pakistan, 28(11), 815–816.
- Özcebe H, Bağcı AT, Keskinkılıç B, Yardım N, Çelikay N, Çelikcan E. Çocukluk Çağı Obezite Araştırması (COSI-TR) Ön Rapor [Internet]. Ankara, Türkiye; 2013. Available from: http://www.diabetcemiyeti.org/var/cdn/a/f/cosi-tr-sonuclari.pdf (İndirme tarihi: 10.08.2023).
- Pacific, R., Martin, H. D., Kulwa, K., & Petrucka, P. (2020). Contribution of home and school environment in children's food choice and overweight/obesity prevalence in african context: evidence for creating enabling healthful food environment. Pediatric Health, Medicine and Therapeutics, 11, 283–295.
- Rankin, J., Matthews, L., Cobley, S., Han, A., Sanders, R., Wiltshire, H. D., & Baker, J. S. (2016). Psychological consequences of childhood obesity: Psychiatric comorbidity and prevention. Adolescent Health, medicine and Therapeutics, 7, 125–146.
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Year 2023,
Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 280 - 297, 25.09.2023
Neslihan Akçay
,
Hilal Doğan Güney
,
Kadir Keskin
,
Pınar Göbel
References
- Aceves-Martins, M., López-Cruz, L., García-Botello, M., Godina-Flores, N. L., Gutierrez-Gómez, Y. Y., & Moreno-García, C. F. (2022). Cultural factors related to childhood and adolescent obesity in Mexico: A systematic review of qualitative studies. Obesity Reviews : An Official Journal of the International Association for The Study of Obesity, 23(9), e13461.
- Afshin, A., Sur, P. J., Fay, K. A., Cornaby, L., Ferrara, G., Salama, J. S., & Murray, C. J. (2019). Health effects of dietary risks in 195 countries, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet, 393(10184), 1958-1972.
- Allender, S., Brown, A. D., Bolton, K. A., Fraser, P., Lowe, J., & Hovmand, P. (2019). Translating systems thinking into practice for community action on childhood obesity. Obesity Reviews, 20, 179-184.
- Bar-Or, O., Grenier, D., Issenman, R.M., Leblanc, C., Nieman, P., Pavilanis, A., Pencharz, P., Siemens, R., Smith, T. and Westwood, M. (2002). Healthy activite living for children and youth. Paediatrics and Child Health, 7(5): 339-345.
- Başkan, A.H ve Başkan, A.H (2022). Z kuşağında yer alan öğrencilerin spora yönelik tutumları ve buna etki eden faktörler. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi. 9 (4), 365-386.
- Benedict, L., Hong, S. A., Winichagoon, P., Tejativaddhana, P., & Kasemsup, V. (2021). Double burden of malnutrition and its association with infant and young child feeding practices among children under-five in Thailand. Public Health Nutrition, 24(10), 3058-3065.
- Carducci, B., Oh, C., Roth, D. E., Neufeld, L. M., Frongillo, E. A., L'Abbe, M. R., Fanzo, J., Herforth, A., Sellen, D. W., & Bhutta, Z. A. (2021). Gaps and priorities in assessment of food environments for children and adolescents in low- and middle-income countries. Nature Food, 2(6), 396–403.
- Cartanyà-Hueso, À., Lidón-Moyano, C., Martín-Sánchez, J. C., González-Marrón, A., Pérez-Martín, H., & Martínez-Sánchez, J. M. (2022). Association between recreational screen time and excess weight and obesity assessed with three sets of criteria in Spanish residents aged 2–14 years. Anales de Pediatría (English Edition), 97(5), 333-341.
- Chen, J., Chen, W., Zeng, G., & Li, G. (2016). Secular trends in growth and nutritional outcomes of children under five years old in Xiamen, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13(11), 1104.
- Compaoré, A., Ouedraogo, K., Boua, P. R., Watson, D., Kehoe, S. H., Newell, M. L., & Sorgho, H. (2021). ‘Men are not playing their roles’, maternal and child nutrition in Nanoro, Burkina Faso. Public Health Nutrition, 24(12), 3780-3790.
- DeLacey, E., Hilberg, E., Allen, E., Quiring, M., Tann, C. J., Groce, N. E., ... & Kerac, M. (2021). Nutritional status of children living within institution-based care: a retrospective analysis with funnel plots and control charts for programme monitoring. BMJ open, 11(12), e050371.
- El-Gamal, F. M., Babader, R., Al-Shaikh, M., Al-Harbi, A., Al-Kaf, J., & Al-Kaf, W. (2020). Study determinants of increased Z-Score of Body Mass Index in preschool-age children. BMC Research Notes, 13(1), 1-5.
Ford, N.D.; Patel, S.A.; Narayan, K.M.V. Obesity in low- and middle-ıncome countries: Burden, drivers, and emerging challenges. Annu. Rev. Public Health 2017, 38, 145–164.
- Gago, C. M., Wynne, J. O., Moore, M. J., Cantu-Aldana, A., Vercammen, K., Zatz, L. Y., & Kenney, E. L. (2022). Caregiver perspectives on underutilization of WIC: A qualitative study. Pediatrics, 149(2), e2021053889.
- Garde, A., Curtis, J., & De Schutter, O. (2020). Ending childhood obesity: Introducing the issues and the legal challenge. In Ending Childhood Obesity (pp. 1-28). Edward Elgar Publishing.
- Guerrero, M. D., Barnes, J. D., Chaput, J. P., & Tremblay, M. S. (2019). Screen time and problem behaviors in children: exploring the mediating role of sleep duration. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 16(1), 1-10.
- Güneş, S. C. (2022). Ortaokul öğrencilerinin fiziksel aktivite, beslenme ve vücut kitle indeksleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi (Doctora Tezi, Marmara Universitesi, İstanbul, Türkiye).
Hamurcu P. (2014). Obez bireylerde benlik saygısı ve beden algısının değerlendirilmesi (Yüksek Lisans Tezi İstanbul Bilim Üniversitesi; Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul,Türkiye).
- Hawkes, C., Ruel, M. T., Salm, L., Sinclair, B., & Branca, F. (2020). Double-duty actions: seizing programme and policy opportunities to address malnutrition in all its forms. The Lancet, 395(10218), 142-155.
- Kalkim, A., Özsoy, S.A., & Sert, Z.E. (2020). İlkokul çağındaki çocuklarda obezite görülme sıklığı. Sürekli Tıp Eğitimi Dergisi, 29(1), 38-37.
- Görçin Karaketir, Ş., Lüleci, N. E., Eryurt, M. A., Emecen, A. N., Haklıdır, M., & Hıdıroğlu, S. (2023). Overweight and obesity in preschool children in Turkey: A multilevel analysis. Journal of Biosocial Science, 55(2), 344–366.
Kurspahić-Mujčić, A., & Mujčić, A. (2020). Factors associated with overweight and obesity in preschool children. Med. Glas, 17, 538-543.
- Leandro, C. G., Fonseca, E. V. D. S. D., de Lim, C. R., Tchamo, M. E., & Ferreira-E-Silva, W. T. (2019). Barriers and enablers that influence overweight/obesity/obesogenic behavior in adolescents from lower-middle income countries: A systematic review. Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 40(4), 562–571.
- Mittal, M. ve Jain, V. (2021). Çocuklarda ve ergenlerde obezite ve komplikasyonlarının yönetimi. Indian Journal of Pediatrics , 88 (12), 1222-1234.
- Nisar N. (2018). Childhood obesity: A major public health challenge of 21st century. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons—Pakistan, 28(11), 815–816.
- Özcebe H, Bağcı AT, Keskinkılıç B, Yardım N, Çelikay N, Çelikcan E. Çocukluk Çağı Obezite Araştırması (COSI-TR) Ön Rapor [Internet]. Ankara, Türkiye; 2013. Available from: http://www.diabetcemiyeti.org/var/cdn/a/f/cosi-tr-sonuclari.pdf (İndirme tarihi: 10.08.2023).
- Pacific, R., Martin, H. D., Kulwa, K., & Petrucka, P. (2020). Contribution of home and school environment in children's food choice and overweight/obesity prevalence in african context: evidence for creating enabling healthful food environment. Pediatric Health, Medicine and Therapeutics, 11, 283–295.
- Rankin, J., Matthews, L., Cobley, S., Han, A., Sanders, R., Wiltshire, H. D., & Baker, J. S. (2016). Psychological consequences of childhood obesity: Psychiatric comorbidity and prevention. Adolescent Health, medicine and Therapeutics, 7, 125–146.
- Sahoo, K., Sahoo, B., Choudhury, A. K., Sofi, N. Y., Kumar, R., & Bhadoria, A. S. (2015). Childhood obesity: Causes and consequences. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 4(2), 187–192.
- Simmonds, M., Llewellyn, A., Owen, C. G., & Woolacott, N. (2016). Predicting adult obesity from childhood obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obesity reviews: An Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 17(2), 95–107.
- Smythe, T., Zuurmond, M., Tann, C. J., Gladstone, M., & Kuper, H. (2021). Early intervention for children with developmental disabilities in low and middle-income countries–the case for action. International Health, 13(3), 222-231.
- Trübswasser, U., Verstraeten, R., Salm, L., Holdsworth, M., Baye, K., Booth, A., Feskens, E. J. M., Gillespie, S., & Talsma, E. F. (2021). Factors influencing obesogenic behaviours of adolescent girls and women in low- and middle-income countries: A qualitative evidence synthesis. Obesity reviews : An Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 22(4), e13163.
- Tylavsky, F. A., Ferrara, A., Catellier, D. J., Oken, E., Li, X., Law, A., & Trasande, L. (2020). Understanding childhood obesity in the US: the NIH environmental influences on child health outcomes (ECHO) program. International Journal of Obesity, 44(3), 617-627.
- Twenge, J. M., Hisler, G. C., & Krizan, Z. (2019). Associations between screen time and sleep duration are primarily driven by portable electronic devices: Evidence from a population-based study of US children ages 0–17. Sleep Medicine, 56, 211-218.
- Yılmaz, A. ve Kocataş, S. (2019). Ortaokul öğrencilerinin büyütme doğumlarından, beslenme alanlarından ve fiziksel aktivite havalandırmalarından algılaması. Halk Sağlığı Hemşireliği Dergisi, 1 (3), 66-83.
- WHO (2020a) Obesity. World Health Organization. Geneva. URL: https://www.who.int/healthtopics/obesity#tab=tab_2 (indirme tarihi: 10 Haziran, 2023).
WHO (2020b) Obesity and overweight. World Health Organization, Geneva. URL:https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and overweight (indirme tarihi: 10 Haziran, 2023).