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Does skill level affect plantar pressure distribution in air pistol shooters?

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 4, 309 - 318, 26.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.31680/gaunjss.1366822

Abstract

In order to achieve optimal shooting performance, athletes need to make postural stability adjustments at an optimal level. The aim of this study was to investigate plantar pressure distributions of shooters during shooting performance. Twelve air pistol shooters (Elite, n=6; Novice, n=6) volunteered to participate in the study. Plantar pressure assessments [total foot, forefoot, midfoot, and hind foot maximal force (MF)(N), peak pressure (PP)(kPa), and mean pressure (MP)(kPa) during 10 shots were examined using the PEDAR® insole system. It was found that right total foot MF, MP and hind foot PP values of the novice group were higher than elite group. In left foot, elite group’s left total foot, forefoot and hind foot PP; left forefoot MF and MP values were higher than novice group’s (p <.05). The elite group's left total foot MF and hind foot PP values were higher from the right foot and also right forefoot and midfoot MF, and MP and right midfoot PP values were higher from the left foot. In novice group, right total, forefoot and midfoot PP, MP, forefoot, midfoot and hind foot MF values were significantly higher than left foot (p<.05). Finally, elite shooters transferred their body weight to left hind foot and right forefoot during shots, resulting in higher scores, while novices actively used their right total foot and had significantly lower scores compared to the elite group. Coaches should incorporate athlete-specific postural stability exercises in training programs to teach athletes to distribute their body weights more evenly between both feet.

References

  • Aalto, H., Pyykkö, I., Ilmarinen, R., Kähkönen, E., & Starck, J. (1990). Postural stability in shooters. Orl, 52(4), 232-238.
  • Ball, K., Best, R., & Wrigley, T. (2003). Body sway, aim point fluctuation and performance in rifle shooters: inter-and intra-individual analysis. Journal of sports sciences, 21(7), 559-566.
  • Chadefaux, D., Valdes-Tamayo, L., Moreno Flores, R., Poulet, Y., Herrera Altamira, G., Hybois, S., ... & Thoreux, P. (2020). A preliminary study of stability in elite and novice 10 meter air pistol shooters. Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 23(sup1), S61-S62.
  • Era, P., Konttinen, N., Mehto, P., Saarela, P., & Lyytinen, H. (1996). Postural stability and skilled performance—a study on top-level and naive rifle shooters. Journal of biomechanics, 29(3), 301-306.
  • Goonetilleke, R. S., Hoffmann, E. R., & Lau, W. C. (2009). Pistol shooting accuracy as dependent on experience, eyes being opened and available viewing time. Applied ergonomics, 40(3), 500-508.
  • Hawkins, R. N., & Sefton, J. M. (2011). Effects of stance width on performance and postural stability in national-standard pistol shooters. Journal of sports sciences, 29(13), 1381-1387.
  • Herpin, G., Gauchard, G. C., Lion, A., Collet, P., Keller, D., & Perrin, P. P. (2010). Sensorimotor specificities in balance control of expert fencers and pistol shooters. Journal of electromyography and kinesiology, 20(1), 162-169.
  • Ihalainen, S., Kuitunen, S., Mononen, K., & Linnamo, V. (2016). Determinants of elite‐level air rifle shooting performance. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 26(3), 266-274.
  • ISSF. (2023). General Technical Rules. https://www.issfsports.org/theissf/rules_and _regulations/general_technical_rules.ashx (Erişim tarihi: 23.09.2023)
  • Joo, D. Y., & Kim, M. G. (2004). Effect of the physical stability of players of air-gun in aiming shooting. Korea sport research, 15(2), 551-566.
  • Kim, S. E. (2019). The influence of shoe on posture and performance of rifle shooters-a comparative study. Int. J. Eng. Res. Technol, 12, 1205-1209.
  • Konttinen, N., Lyytinen, H., & Era, P. (1999). Brain slow potentials and postural sway behavior during sharpshooting performance. Journal of motor behavior, 31(1), 11-20.
  • Konttinen, N., Lyytinen, H., Viitasalo, J., Iilo Nttin En, N. K., Lyytin En, H. I., & Ka Viitasalo, J. K. (1998). Preparatory heart rate patterns in competitive rifle shooting. Journal of Sports Sciences, 16(3), 235–242.
  • Mon, D., Zakynthinaki, M., Cordente, C., Barriopedro, M., & Sampedro, J. (2014). Body sway and performance at competition in male pistol and rifle Olympic shooters. Biomedical Human Kinetics, 6(1).
  • Mononen, K., Konttinen, N., Viitasalo, J., & Era, P. (2007). Relationships between postural balance, rifle stability and shooting accuracy among novice rifle shooters. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 17(2), 180-185. Ortega, E., & Wang, C. J. K. (2018). Pre-performance physiological state: Heart rate variability as a predictor of shooting performance. Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback, 43, 75-85.
  • Pellegrini, B., & Schena, F. (2005). Characterization of arm-gun movement during air pistol aiming phase. Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness, 45(4), 467.
  • Reinkemeier, H., & Bühlmann, G. (2013). Pistol Shooting-the Olympic Disciplines: Technique, Training, Tactics, Psychology, Guns. Verlag MEC.
  • Sağıroğlu, İ., Erdoğan, M., Ada, M., Kamuk, U., & Ateş, O. (2016). Ateşli ve havalı silahlar atıcılarında postural statik denge ve vücut kütle indeksi arasındaki ilişkinin araştırılması. İstanbul Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(1), 33-40.
  • Stambolieva, K., Otzetov, M., Petrova, D., Ikonomov, R., & Gatev, P. (2015). Postural stability during static upright stance in archers. In Posture, Balance and the Brain International Workshop Proceedings (pp. 29-35). Sofia, Bulgaria: Procon Ltd.
  • Viitasalo, J. T., Era, P., Konttinen, N., Mononen, H., Mononen, K., & Norvapalo, K. (2001). Effects of 12‐week shooting training and mode of feedback on shooting scores among novice shooters. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 11(6), 362-368.
  • Viitasalo, J. T., Era, P., Konttinen, N., Mononen, H., Mononen, K., & Norvapalo, K. (2001). Effects of 12‐week shooting training and mode of feedback on shooting scores among novice shooters. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 11(6), 362-368.

Havalı tabanca atıcılarında beceri düzeyi plantar basınç dağılımını etkiler mi?

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 4, 309 - 318, 26.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.31680/gaunjss.1366822

Abstract

İyi bir atış performansı için sporcunun postural stabilite ayarlamalarını optimal düzeyde gerçekleştirmesi gerekmektedir. Mevcut çalışmada farklı deneyim düzeyine sahip 10 m havalı tabanca atıcılarının atış performansları sırasında sergiledikleri plantar basınç dağılımlarının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. On iki havalı tabanca atıcısı (Elit, n=6; Acemi, n=6) çalışmaya gönüllü olarak dahil edilmiştir. Atıcıların 10 atış sırasında sergiledikleri ayak plantar basınç değerlendirmeleri total ayak, ön ayak, orta ayak ve topuk maksimal kuvvet [MK(N)], pik basınç [PB(kPa)] ve ortalama basınç [OB(kPa)] değerleri PEDAR® ayakkabı tabanlığı sistemi (Novel Gmbh, Münih, Almanya) ile incelenmiştir. Acemi grubun sağ total ayak MK, OB ve topuk PB değerlerinin elit gruptan daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Elit grubun ise sol total ayak, ön ayak ve topuk PB; sol ön ayak MK ve OB değerlerinin acemi gruptan daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir (p<.05). Sağ sol ayak karşılaştırmaları incelendiğinde elit grubun sol total ayak MK ve topuk PB değerlerinin sağ ayaktan, sağ ön ve orta ayak MK, ve OB ile sağ orta ayak PB değerlerinin ise sol ayaktan; acemi grubun ise sağ total, ön ve orta ayak PB, OB, ön, orta ayak ve topuk MK değerlerinin sol ayaktan anlamlı derecede yüksek olduğu görülmüştür (p<.05). Sonuç olarak elit sporcuların atışlar sırasında vücut ağırlıklarını sol topuk ve sağ ön ayak bölümlerine aktardıkları ve skorlarının daha yüksek olduğu; acemilerin ise sağ total ayağı aktif olarak kullandıkları ve skorlarının anlamlı derecede elit gruptan düşük olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Antrenörlerin antrenman programlarında sporculara vücut ağırlıklarını her iki ayağa daha dengeli bir şekilde aktarmalarına yönelik sporcuya özgü postural denge antrenmanlarına yer vermeleri önerilmektedir.

References

  • Aalto, H., Pyykkö, I., Ilmarinen, R., Kähkönen, E., & Starck, J. (1990). Postural stability in shooters. Orl, 52(4), 232-238.
  • Ball, K., Best, R., & Wrigley, T. (2003). Body sway, aim point fluctuation and performance in rifle shooters: inter-and intra-individual analysis. Journal of sports sciences, 21(7), 559-566.
  • Chadefaux, D., Valdes-Tamayo, L., Moreno Flores, R., Poulet, Y., Herrera Altamira, G., Hybois, S., ... & Thoreux, P. (2020). A preliminary study of stability in elite and novice 10 meter air pistol shooters. Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 23(sup1), S61-S62.
  • Era, P., Konttinen, N., Mehto, P., Saarela, P., & Lyytinen, H. (1996). Postural stability and skilled performance—a study on top-level and naive rifle shooters. Journal of biomechanics, 29(3), 301-306.
  • Goonetilleke, R. S., Hoffmann, E. R., & Lau, W. C. (2009). Pistol shooting accuracy as dependent on experience, eyes being opened and available viewing time. Applied ergonomics, 40(3), 500-508.
  • Hawkins, R. N., & Sefton, J. M. (2011). Effects of stance width on performance and postural stability in national-standard pistol shooters. Journal of sports sciences, 29(13), 1381-1387.
  • Herpin, G., Gauchard, G. C., Lion, A., Collet, P., Keller, D., & Perrin, P. P. (2010). Sensorimotor specificities in balance control of expert fencers and pistol shooters. Journal of electromyography and kinesiology, 20(1), 162-169.
  • Ihalainen, S., Kuitunen, S., Mononen, K., & Linnamo, V. (2016). Determinants of elite‐level air rifle shooting performance. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 26(3), 266-274.
  • ISSF. (2023). General Technical Rules. https://www.issfsports.org/theissf/rules_and _regulations/general_technical_rules.ashx (Erişim tarihi: 23.09.2023)
  • Joo, D. Y., & Kim, M. G. (2004). Effect of the physical stability of players of air-gun in aiming shooting. Korea sport research, 15(2), 551-566.
  • Kim, S. E. (2019). The influence of shoe on posture and performance of rifle shooters-a comparative study. Int. J. Eng. Res. Technol, 12, 1205-1209.
  • Konttinen, N., Lyytinen, H., & Era, P. (1999). Brain slow potentials and postural sway behavior during sharpshooting performance. Journal of motor behavior, 31(1), 11-20.
  • Konttinen, N., Lyytinen, H., Viitasalo, J., Iilo Nttin En, N. K., Lyytin En, H. I., & Ka Viitasalo, J. K. (1998). Preparatory heart rate patterns in competitive rifle shooting. Journal of Sports Sciences, 16(3), 235–242.
  • Mon, D., Zakynthinaki, M., Cordente, C., Barriopedro, M., & Sampedro, J. (2014). Body sway and performance at competition in male pistol and rifle Olympic shooters. Biomedical Human Kinetics, 6(1).
  • Mononen, K., Konttinen, N., Viitasalo, J., & Era, P. (2007). Relationships between postural balance, rifle stability and shooting accuracy among novice rifle shooters. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 17(2), 180-185. Ortega, E., & Wang, C. J. K. (2018). Pre-performance physiological state: Heart rate variability as a predictor of shooting performance. Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback, 43, 75-85.
  • Pellegrini, B., & Schena, F. (2005). Characterization of arm-gun movement during air pistol aiming phase. Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness, 45(4), 467.
  • Reinkemeier, H., & Bühlmann, G. (2013). Pistol Shooting-the Olympic Disciplines: Technique, Training, Tactics, Psychology, Guns. Verlag MEC.
  • Sağıroğlu, İ., Erdoğan, M., Ada, M., Kamuk, U., & Ateş, O. (2016). Ateşli ve havalı silahlar atıcılarında postural statik denge ve vücut kütle indeksi arasındaki ilişkinin araştırılması. İstanbul Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(1), 33-40.
  • Stambolieva, K., Otzetov, M., Petrova, D., Ikonomov, R., & Gatev, P. (2015). Postural stability during static upright stance in archers. In Posture, Balance and the Brain International Workshop Proceedings (pp. 29-35). Sofia, Bulgaria: Procon Ltd.
  • Viitasalo, J. T., Era, P., Konttinen, N., Mononen, H., Mononen, K., & Norvapalo, K. (2001). Effects of 12‐week shooting training and mode of feedback on shooting scores among novice shooters. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 11(6), 362-368.
  • Viitasalo, J. T., Era, P., Konttinen, N., Mononen, H., Mononen, K., & Norvapalo, K. (2001). Effects of 12‐week shooting training and mode of feedback on shooting scores among novice shooters. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 11(6), 362-368.
There are 21 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Biomechanics in Sports Science
Journal Section Hareket ve Antrenman Bilimleri
Authors

Selda Yılmaz 0000-0002-0122-3316

Gülçin Güler 0000-0002-5378-641X

Deniz Şimşek 0000-0001-5452-6006

Publication Date December 26, 2023
Submission Date September 26, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 8 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Yılmaz, S., Güler, G., & Şimşek, D. (2023). Does skill level affect plantar pressure distribution in air pistol shooters?. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(4), 309-318. https://doi.org/10.31680/gaunjss.1366822

ISSN: 2536-5339

Gaziantep Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi

16157

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