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Electromyostimulation Applications for Sportive Performance and Sports-Healt

Year 2024, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 97 - 116, 24.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.31680/gaunjss.1479482

Abstract

Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) consists of applying electrical currents to muscle or peripheral nerves to produce involuntary muscle contractions. EMS has long been used in many rehabilitation settings to support voluntary muscle activation, to improve fitness and health in healthy individuals and patients who are unable to perform traditional voluntary exercise due to illness, to retrain muscle movement, to facilitate muscle contraction, to strengthen muscle and to maintain muscle mass and strength during prolonged periods of inactivity, to restore strength losses and to complement voluntary exercise in athletes. Traditional local EMS, which is widely used in orthopedic treatment and rehabilitation, has progressed to whole-body electromyostimulation (TB-EMS) with advancing technology.Due to its increasing popularity, time efficiency, ease of common use and individualized application, TB-EMS has become the subject of more and more scientific research. In line with the goals expected from the EMS application; it is possible that electromyostimulation application applied with different exercise protocols, different use of variables in EMS parameters, and different study groups (sedentary, athlete, patient, elderly) may create different physiological effects.It is possible to obtain different findings with a change in these variables at the point of application. Such differences in findings require more systematic research that takes into account the possible influence of these factors on EMS effectiveness. With this review study, it is aimed to provide an overview of the electromyostimulation application used in sports performance and sports-health aspects on different populations in the application dimension, as well as information and evaluations on current approaches.

References

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  • Baker, L. L., Bowman, B. R., & Mcneal, L, D. R. (1988). Effects of waveform on comfort during neuromuscular electrical stimulation. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. (1976-2007), 233, 75-85.
  • Banerjee, P., Caulfield, B., Crowe, L., & Clark, A. (2005). Prolonged electrical muscle stimulation exercise improves strength and aerobic capacity in healthy sedentary adults. Journal of applied physiology. 99(6), 2307-2311.
  • Bax, L., Staes, F., & Verhagen, A. (2005). Does neuromuscular electrical stimulation strengthen the quadriceps femoris? A systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Sports Medicine. 35, 191-212.
  • Berger, J., Ludwig, O., Becker, S., Kemmler, W., & Fröhlich, M. (2020). Effects of an 8-week whole-body electromyostimulation training on cycling performance, back pain, and posture of a 17-year-old road cyclist. International Journal of Athletic Therapy and Training. 26(2), 96-100.
  • Bergquist, A. J., Clair, J. M., Lagerquist, O., Mang, C. S., Okuma, Y., & Collins, D. F. (2011). Neuromuscular electrical stimulation: implications of the electrically evoked sensory volley. European journal of applied physiology. 111, 2409-2426.
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  • Chisari, E., Pavone, V., Sessa, G., Ravalli, S., & Musumeci, G. (2019). Electromyostimulation and whole-body vibration effects infielder sarcopenic patients. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J. 9, 433-441.
  • Collins, D. F. (2007). Central contributions to contractions evoked by tetanic neuromuscular electrical stimulation. Exercise and sport sciences reviews. 35(3), 102-109.
  • Crowe, L., & Caulfield, B. (2012). Aerobic neuromuscular electrical stimulation—an emerging technology to improve haemoglobin A1c in type 2 diabetes mellitus: results of a pilot study. BMJ open, 2(3), e000219.
  • De Kroon, J. R., IJzerman, M. J., Chae, J., Lankhorst, G. J., & Zilvold, G. (2005). Relation between stimulation characteristics and clinical outcome in studies using electrical stimulation to improve motor control of the upper extremity in stroke. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. 37(2), 65-74.
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  • Filipovic, A., Kleinöder, H., Dörmann, U., & Mester, J. (2011). Electromyostimulation—a systematic review of the influence of training regimens and stimulation parameters on effectiveness in electromyostimulation training of selected strength parameters. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(11), 3218-3238.
  • Filipovic, A., Kleinöder, H., Dörmann, U., & Mester, J. (2012). Electromyostimulation—a systematic review of the effects of different electromyostimulation methods on selected strength parameters in trained and elite athletes. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 26(9), 2600-2614.
  • Filipovic, A., Kleinöder, H., Plück, D., Hollmann, W., Bloch, W., & Grau, M. (2015). Influence of whole-body electrostimulation on human red blood cell deformability. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 29(9), 2570-2578.
  • Galvan, M.J., Sanchez, M.J., McAinch, A.J., Covington, J.D., Boyle, J.B., & Bajpeyi, S. (2022). Four weeks of electrical stimulation improves glucose tolerance in a sedentary overweight or obese Hispanic population. Endocrine Connections, 11(2).
  • Gondin, J., Cozzone, P.J., & Bendahan, D. (2011). Is high-frequency neuromuscular electrical stimulation a suitable tool for muscle performance improvement in both healthy humans and athletes?. European journal of applied physiology, 111, 2473-2487.
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Sportif Performans ve Spor-Sağlık Amacıyla Elektromiyostimülasyon Uygulamaları

Year 2024, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 97 - 116, 24.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.31680/gaunjss.1479482

Abstract

Elektromiyostimülasyon (EMS), istemsiz kas kasılmaları elde etmek için kas veya periferik sinirlere elektrik akımları uygulanması ile oluşmaktadır. EMS uygulaması, birçok rehabilitasyon ortamında istemli kas aktivasyonunu desteklemek, sağlıklı bireylerde ve hastalık nedeniyle geleneksel istemli egzersizi yapamayan hastalarda zindeliği ve sağlığı iyileştirmek, kas hareketinin yeniden eğitimi, kas kasılmasının kolaylaştırılması, kas güçlendirilmesi ve uzun süreli hareketsizlik dönemleri sırasında kas kütlesinin ve gücünün korunması, kuvvet kayıplarının geri kazanılması ve sporcularda istemli egzersizi tamamlayıcı olarak, uzun süredir kullanılmaktadır. Ortopedik tedavide ve rehabilitasyon amaçlı yaygın olarak uygulanan geleneksel lokal EMS, gelişen teknoloji ile birlikte tüm beden elektromiyostimülasyon (TB-EMS) yöntemine ilerlemiştir. Artan popülaritesi, zaman verimliliği, ortak kullanım kolaylığı ve bireyselleştirilmiş uygulaması nedeniyle TB-EMS giderek daha fazla bilimsel araştırmanın konusu haline gelmiştir.Yapılan EMS uygulamasından beklenen hedefler doğrultusunda; farklı egzersiz protokolleri , EMS parametrelerindeki değişkenlerin farklı kullanımı,farklı çalışma grupları (sedanter, sporcu, hasta, yaşlı) ile birlikte uygulanan elektromiyostimülasyon uygulamasının fizyolojik olarak farklı etkiler oluşturabilmesi mümkündür.Uygulama noktasında bu değişkenlerde yapılan bir değişiklik ile farklı bulgular elde edilmesi muhtemeldir. Bulgulardaki bu tür farklılıklar, bu faktörlerin EMS etkinliği üzerindeki olası etkisini dikkate alan daha sistematik araştırmaların yapılmasını gerektirmektedir. Bu derleme çalışması ile uygulama boyutunda farklı popülasyonlar üzerinde sportif performans ve spor-sağlık yönüyle kullanılan elektromiyostimülasyon uygulamasına genel bir bakış ile birlikte güncel yaklaşımlara yönelik bilgiler, değerlendirmeler sunmak amaçlanmaktadır.

References

  • Álvarez-Barrio, L., Rodríguez-Pérez, V., Calvo-Lobo, C., Leirós-Rodríguez, R., Alba-Pérez, E., & López-Rodríguez, A. F. (2023). Immediate effects of whole-body versus local dynamic electrostimulation of the abdominal muscles in healthy people assessed by ultrasound: a randomized controlled trial. Biology. 12(3), 454.
  • Babault, N., Cometti, G., Bernardin, M., Pousson, M., & Chatard, J. C. (2007). Effects of electromyostimulation training on muscle strength and power of elite rugby players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 21(2), 431-437.
  • Baker, C., Wederich, D., McNeal, C., Newsam, R., & Waters, R. (2000). Guidelines for adjustment of stimulation parameters. Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation: A Practical Guide. 4th edition. Downey, CA: Los Amigos Research & Education Institute.
  • Baker, L. L., Bowman, B. R., & Mcneal, L, D. R. (1988). Effects of waveform on comfort during neuromuscular electrical stimulation. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. (1976-2007), 233, 75-85.
  • Banerjee, P., Caulfield, B., Crowe, L., & Clark, A. (2005). Prolonged electrical muscle stimulation exercise improves strength and aerobic capacity in healthy sedentary adults. Journal of applied physiology. 99(6), 2307-2311.
  • Bax, L., Staes, F., & Verhagen, A. (2005). Does neuromuscular electrical stimulation strengthen the quadriceps femoris? A systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Sports Medicine. 35, 191-212.
  • Berger, J., Ludwig, O., Becker, S., Kemmler, W., & Fröhlich, M. (2020). Effects of an 8-week whole-body electromyostimulation training on cycling performance, back pain, and posture of a 17-year-old road cyclist. International Journal of Athletic Therapy and Training. 26(2), 96-100.
  • Bergquist, A. J., Clair, J. M., Lagerquist, O., Mang, C. S., Okuma, Y., & Collins, D. F. (2011). Neuromuscular electrical stimulation: implications of the electrically evoked sensory volley. European journal of applied physiology. 111, 2409-2426.
  • Binder‐Macleod, S. A., Lee, S. C., Russ, D. W., & Kucharski, L. J. (1998). Effects of activation pattern on human skeletal muscle fatigue. Muscle & Nerve: Official Journal of the American Association of Electrodiagnostic Medicine. 21(9), 1145-1152.
  • Chisari, E., Pavone, V., Sessa, G., Ravalli, S., & Musumeci, G. (2019). Electromyostimulation and whole-body vibration effects infielder sarcopenic patients. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J. 9, 433-441.
  • Collins, D. F. (2007). Central contributions to contractions evoked by tetanic neuromuscular electrical stimulation. Exercise and sport sciences reviews. 35(3), 102-109.
  • Crowe, L., & Caulfield, B. (2012). Aerobic neuromuscular electrical stimulation—an emerging technology to improve haemoglobin A1c in type 2 diabetes mellitus: results of a pilot study. BMJ open, 2(3), e000219.
  • De Kroon, J. R., IJzerman, M. J., Chae, J., Lankhorst, G. J., & Zilvold, G. (2005). Relation between stimulation characteristics and clinical outcome in studies using electrical stimulation to improve motor control of the upper extremity in stroke. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. 37(2), 65-74.
  • Di Cagno, A., Buonsenso, A., Centorbi, M., Manni, L., Di Costanzo, A., Casazza, G., ... & WB-EMS Parkinson’s Group. (2023). Whole body-electromyostimulation effects on serum biomarkers, physical performances and fatigue in Parkinson’s patients: A randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 15, 1086487.
  • Doucet, B. M., Lam, A., & Griffin, L. (2012). Neuromuscular electrical stimulation for skeletal muscle function. The Yale journal of biology and medicine. 85(2), 201.
  • Dudley, G. A., Castro, M. J., Rogers, S., & Apple Jr, D. F. (1999). A simple means of increasing muscle size after spinal cord injury: a pilot study. European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology. 80, 394-396.
  • Erickson, M. L., Ryan, T. E., Backus, D., & McCully, K. K. (2017). Endurance neuromuscular electrical stimulation training improves skeletal muscle oxidative capacity in individuals with motor‐complete spinal cord injury. Muscle & nerve, 55(5), 669-675.
  • Fernández-Elías, V. E., Tobía, D., Recarey, A., Fernández, Á., Clemente-Suárez, V. J., & Burgos-Postigo, S. (2022). Acute effects of whole-body electromyostimulation during a single maximal strength training session. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(21), 13753.
  • Filipovic, A., Grau, M., Kleinöder, H., Zimmer, P., Hollmann, W., & Bloch, W. (2016). Effects of a whole-body electrostimulation program on strength, sprinting, jumping, and kicking capacity in elite soccer players. Journal of sports science & medicine, 15(4), 639.
  • Filipovic, A., Kleinöder, H., Dörmann, U., & Mester, J. (2011). Electromyostimulation—a systematic review of the influence of training regimens and stimulation parameters on effectiveness in electromyostimulation training of selected strength parameters. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(11), 3218-3238.
  • Filipovic, A., Kleinöder, H., Dörmann, U., & Mester, J. (2012). Electromyostimulation—a systematic review of the effects of different electromyostimulation methods on selected strength parameters in trained and elite athletes. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 26(9), 2600-2614.
  • Filipovic, A., Kleinöder, H., Plück, D., Hollmann, W., Bloch, W., & Grau, M. (2015). Influence of whole-body electrostimulation on human red blood cell deformability. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 29(9), 2570-2578.
  • Galvan, M.J., Sanchez, M.J., McAinch, A.J., Covington, J.D., Boyle, J.B., & Bajpeyi, S. (2022). Four weeks of electrical stimulation improves glucose tolerance in a sedentary overweight or obese Hispanic population. Endocrine Connections, 11(2).
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There are 68 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Sports Science and Exercise (Other)
Journal Section Hareket ve Antrenman Bilimleri
Authors

Şengül Toğanç 0000-0001-9784-9534

Yeliz Pınar 0000-0003-2742-6901

Hayri Ertan 0000-0003-1298-8485

Publication Date June 24, 2024
Submission Date May 6, 2024
Acceptance Date June 7, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 9 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Toğanç, Ş., Pınar, Y., & Ertan, H. (2024). Sportif Performans ve Spor-Sağlık Amacıyla Elektromiyostimülasyon Uygulamaları. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(1), 97-116. https://doi.org/10.31680/gaunjss.1479482

ISSN: 2536-5339

Gaziantep Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi

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