Research Article

Understanding the Israel-Palestinian Conflict of 7 October 2023: Reasons and Consequences

Volume: 19 Number: 38 June 22, 2026
EN TR

Understanding the Israel-Palestinian Conflict of 7 October 2023: Reasons and Consequences

Abstract

This study examines the root causes and consequences of the recent Israeli–Palestinian conflict, one of the most contentious issues in the Middle East. Hamas’s attack on Israel on 7 October 2023 has had complex and far-reaching implications for Palestine and the broader region. Accordingly, the article begins with an analysis of the historical background of the conflict and then examines the founding and evolution of Hamas. Subsequently, it explores the root causes and consequences of the 7 October 2023 Israeli–Hamas war, which constitutes the core focus of the study. The analysis concludes that the primary reason for Hamas’s highly asymmetrical and unexpected attack against Israel on October 7 was likely the organization’s belief that it lacked viable alternative courses of action. However, the outcomes and effects of the attacks unfolded contrary to Hamas’s expectations. These included the near-total destruction of Gaza, the death and injury of many Palestinian civilians, the likely demilitarization of Gaza, a likely disarmament of Hamas, the termination of Hamas’s control over Gaza, and an increased risk of induced displacement of the Gazan population. Furthermore, the repercussions of the war significantly reshaped regional geopolitics, eroding existing power centers and creating new geopolitical advantages for Israel.

Keywords

References

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  3. Al Jazeera. Hamas attacks Israel: Timeline and key events, 2023, https://www.aljazeera.com.
  4. ALTUNA, Samuel and Rania Cabus. Islamist Reactions to the Fall of the Assad Regime and the Role of HTS in Syria’s Post-Revolutionary Landscape, George Washington University 2024.
  5. Anadolu Agency. “Gulf Countries Pledge Billions for Gaza Reconstruction under US-Backed Peace Board.”, 20 February 2026 . https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/gulf-countries-pledge-billionsfor- gaza-reconstruction/2145987, accessed 5 April 2026.
  6. BAUCK, Petter and Mohammed Omer, The Oslo Accords 1993–2013: A Critical Assessment Cairo, The American University Press 2017.
  7. BERGMAN, Ronen and Patrick Kingsley. “Israel’s Military Says Hamas Has a Vast System of Tunnels Under Gaza.” The New York Times, 27 Oct. 2023, https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/27/world/middleeast/hamas-tunnels-gaza-israel.html, accessed 12 July 2025.
  8. BORDAS, Maria, “Hamas-Israel War: A Brief Analysis of First Two Phases of War”. European Scientific Journal, XX/11, 2024, pp. 1-17.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Middle East Studies, International Relations (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

June 22, 2026

Submission Date

July 20, 2025

Acceptance Date

March 22, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 19 Number: 38

APA
Demir, S. (2026). Understanding the Israel-Palestinian Conflict of 7 October 2023: Reasons and Consequences. Gazi Akademik Bakış, 19(38), 227-251. https://doi.org/10.19060/gav.1973701
AMA
1.Demir S. Understanding the Israel-Palestinian Conflict of 7 October 2023: Reasons and Consequences. Gazi Akademik Bakış. 2026;19(38):227-251. doi:10.19060/gav.1973701
Chicago
Demir, Sertif. 2026. “Understanding the Israel-Palestinian Conflict of 7 October 2023: Reasons and Consequences”. Gazi Akademik Bakış 19 (38): 227-51. https://doi.org/10.19060/gav.1973701.
EndNote
Demir S (June 1, 2026) Understanding the Israel-Palestinian Conflict of 7 October 2023: Reasons and Consequences. Gazi Akademik Bakış 19 38 227–251.
IEEE
[1]S. Demir, “Understanding the Israel-Palestinian Conflict of 7 October 2023: Reasons and Consequences”, Gazi Akademik Bakış, vol. 19, no. 38, pp. 227–251, June 2026, doi: 10.19060/gav.1973701.
ISNAD
Demir, Sertif. “Understanding the Israel-Palestinian Conflict of 7 October 2023: Reasons and Consequences”. Gazi Akademik Bakış 19/38 (June 1, 2026): 227-251. https://doi.org/10.19060/gav.1973701.
JAMA
1.Demir S. Understanding the Israel-Palestinian Conflict of 7 October 2023: Reasons and Consequences. Gazi Akademik Bakış. 2026;19:227–251.
MLA
Demir, Sertif. “Understanding the Israel-Palestinian Conflict of 7 October 2023: Reasons and Consequences”. Gazi Akademik Bakış, vol. 19, no. 38, June 2026, pp. 227-51, doi:10.19060/gav.1973701.
Vancouver
1.Sertif Demir. Understanding the Israel-Palestinian Conflict of 7 October 2023: Reasons and Consequences. Gazi Akademik Bakış. 2026 Jun. 1;19(38):227-51. doi:10.19060/gav.1973701