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Afrika’daki Bölgesel Organizasyonlar ve Kriz Yönetimi: Kenya’da Kriz Yönetimi ve Afrika Birliği Örneği

Year 2008, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 19 - 34, 01.03.2008

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effectiveness of the AU’s conflict management in Kenya. Even though it has attempted to mediate, its impact on the crisis was not profound, as it has paid less attention to the questions of crisis management and dialog. The paper argues that the AU appears reluctant to intervene in the crisis. It recommends that the AU would be a more effective conflict manager if it were institutionalized, if it had members with homogenous preferences, and if it had more democratic members. Institutionalized and homogenous organizations are better suited for effective conflict management, while democratic organizations support lasting settlements in favor of the issue’s status quo. It concludes that the AU’s reluctance to intervene in Kenya is partly due to mistrust between its member states as most of the African leaders came to power through the rigging of elections. 

References

  • Books
  • Baehr, Peter, and Gordenker Leon. The United Nations in the 1990s, St. Martin’s Pres, New York 1994.
  • Breaher, Michael and Jonathan Wilkenfeld. A Study of Crisis, University of Mic- higan Press, Ann Arbor 1997.
  • Canbolat, İbrahim S., Gelişmekte Olan Ülkeler: Küresel Politik ve Ekonomik Çıkar İliş- kilerindeki Konumları, Alfa Aktüel Yayınları, İstanbul 2004.
  • Carment, David and Frank Harvey. “Evaluating Third-Party Efforts to End Int- rastate Ethnic Conflict” in Using Force to Prevent Ethnic Violence, An Evaluation of Theory and Evidence, Praeger Publishers, Westport 2001.
  • Chester A. Crocker, cited in Weiss, Thomas G., Military-Civilian Interactions. Inter- vening in Humanitarian Crises. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers Inc., Boulder CO 1999.
  • Deutsch, Morton. The Resolution of Conflict: Constructive and Destructive Processes, Yale University Press, New Haven CT 1973.
  • Hampson, Fen Osler. “Parent, Midwife or Accidental Executioner: The Role of Third Parties in Ending Violent Conflict”. In Chester A. Crocker, Fen Osler Hampson and Pamela Aall, eds., Turbulent Peace: The challenges of managing international conflict, Uni- ted States Institute of Peace Press, Washington D.C. 2001.
  • Huntington, Samuel P. , Political Order in Changing Societies, Yale University Press, New Haven 1968.
  • Licklider, Roy. “Obstacles to Peace Settlements.” in Chester A. Crocker, Fen Osler Hampson and Pamela Aall, eds., Turbulent Peace: The challenges of managing interna- tional conflict, United States Institute of Peace Press, Washington D.C. 2001.
  • Monroy Cabra, Gerardo et. al. Manual de Derecho Internacional Pşblico. Bogotá 1986..
  • Raiffa, Howard. The Art and Science of Negotiation, Harvard University Pres, Camb- ridge 1982.
  • Rosenau, James N. “Intervention as a Scientific Concept”. in James N. Rosenau, ed., The Scientific Study of Foreign Policy, Nichols Publishing Company, New York 1969.
  • Schelling, Thomas C. Strategy of Conflict, Harvard, Cambridge 1960..
  • Walton, Richard E., and Robert B. McKersie. A Behavioral Theory of Labor Negotia- tions: An Analysis of a Social Interactive System, ILR Pres, Ithaca NY 1991.
  • White, N.D., Keeping the Peace: The United Nations and the Maintenance of International Peace and Security, Manchester University Press 1993.
  • Young, Oran R. The Intermediaries: Third Parties in International Crises, Princeton NJ, 1967. Articles
  • Bercovitch, Jacob. “International Mediation and Dispute Settlement: Evalua- ting the Conditions for Successful Mediation”. Negotiation Journal 7/1 (1991), pp. 17-30.
  • Betts, Richard K. “The Delusion of Impartial Intervention”. Foreign Affairs, 73 (1994) Nov/Dec, pp. 20-33.
  • Butler, Michael J. “Just War Theory and U.S. Military Intervention in Crisis”. Journal of Conflict Resolution 47/2 (2003), pp. 226-248.
  • Huntington, Samuel P. “Political Development and Political Decay”. World Po- litics, 17 (1965), pp.386-430.
  • Regan, Patrick M. “Third-Party Interventions and the Duration of Intrastate Conflicts”. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 46/1 (2002), pp. 55-73. Electronics Sources
  • http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/africa/01/05/kenya.diplomat.ap/index. html(01.05.2008)
  • http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/1024563.stm(18.01.2008).
  • http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/international/countriesandterritories/ kenya/index.html?inline=nyt-geo(30.01.2008).
  • http://www.csmonitor.com/2008/0103/p01s03-woaf.html (01.03.2008).
  • http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2962.htm(12.07.2007).
  • http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article25500(25.01.2008).
  • https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ke.html (24.01.2008).

Regional Organizations and Conflict Management in Africa: The Case of the African Union and Conflict Management in Kenya

Year 2008, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 19 - 34, 01.03.2008

Abstract

Bu makalenin amacı, Kenya’daki çatışma yönetiminde Afrika Birliği’nin etkililiğini incelemektir. Birlik arabuluculuk yapma girişiminde bulunsa da, kriz yönetimi ve diyalog ile ilgili sorunların üzerinde az durduğu için, kriz üzerindeki etkisi çok fazla değildir. Makalede, Afrika Birliği’nin krize müdahale etmede isteksiz olduğu hususu tartışılmaktadır. Bunun yanı sıra, Afrika Birliği’nin kurumsallaşması, üyelerinin daha fazla homojen tercihlerinin olması ve daha demokratik üyelerinin olması durumlarında; birliğin çatışma yönetiminde daha etkili olacağı tavsiye edilmektedir. Demokratik örgütler, statükonun lehine kalıcı şartları desteklerken, kurumsallaşmış ve homojen örgütler etkili çatışma yönetimi için daha uygun olduğu düşünülmektedir. Makalede sonuç olarak, Afrika Birliği’nin Kenya’ya müdahale etmesindeki isteksizliğin, çoğu Afrika liderinin seçimlere hile karıştırılması suretiyle iktidara gelmesinden dolayı, kısmen birliğe üye ülkeler arasındaki güvensizlikten kaynaklandığı ileri sürülmektedir. 

References

  • Books
  • Baehr, Peter, and Gordenker Leon. The United Nations in the 1990s, St. Martin’s Pres, New York 1994.
  • Breaher, Michael and Jonathan Wilkenfeld. A Study of Crisis, University of Mic- higan Press, Ann Arbor 1997.
  • Canbolat, İbrahim S., Gelişmekte Olan Ülkeler: Küresel Politik ve Ekonomik Çıkar İliş- kilerindeki Konumları, Alfa Aktüel Yayınları, İstanbul 2004.
  • Carment, David and Frank Harvey. “Evaluating Third-Party Efforts to End Int- rastate Ethnic Conflict” in Using Force to Prevent Ethnic Violence, An Evaluation of Theory and Evidence, Praeger Publishers, Westport 2001.
  • Chester A. Crocker, cited in Weiss, Thomas G., Military-Civilian Interactions. Inter- vening in Humanitarian Crises. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers Inc., Boulder CO 1999.
  • Deutsch, Morton. The Resolution of Conflict: Constructive and Destructive Processes, Yale University Press, New Haven CT 1973.
  • Hampson, Fen Osler. “Parent, Midwife or Accidental Executioner: The Role of Third Parties in Ending Violent Conflict”. In Chester A. Crocker, Fen Osler Hampson and Pamela Aall, eds., Turbulent Peace: The challenges of managing international conflict, Uni- ted States Institute of Peace Press, Washington D.C. 2001.
  • Huntington, Samuel P. , Political Order in Changing Societies, Yale University Press, New Haven 1968.
  • Licklider, Roy. “Obstacles to Peace Settlements.” in Chester A. Crocker, Fen Osler Hampson and Pamela Aall, eds., Turbulent Peace: The challenges of managing interna- tional conflict, United States Institute of Peace Press, Washington D.C. 2001.
  • Monroy Cabra, Gerardo et. al. Manual de Derecho Internacional Pşblico. Bogotá 1986..
  • Raiffa, Howard. The Art and Science of Negotiation, Harvard University Pres, Camb- ridge 1982.
  • Rosenau, James N. “Intervention as a Scientific Concept”. in James N. Rosenau, ed., The Scientific Study of Foreign Policy, Nichols Publishing Company, New York 1969.
  • Schelling, Thomas C. Strategy of Conflict, Harvard, Cambridge 1960..
  • Walton, Richard E., and Robert B. McKersie. A Behavioral Theory of Labor Negotia- tions: An Analysis of a Social Interactive System, ILR Pres, Ithaca NY 1991.
  • White, N.D., Keeping the Peace: The United Nations and the Maintenance of International Peace and Security, Manchester University Press 1993.
  • Young, Oran R. The Intermediaries: Third Parties in International Crises, Princeton NJ, 1967. Articles
  • Bercovitch, Jacob. “International Mediation and Dispute Settlement: Evalua- ting the Conditions for Successful Mediation”. Negotiation Journal 7/1 (1991), pp. 17-30.
  • Betts, Richard K. “The Delusion of Impartial Intervention”. Foreign Affairs, 73 (1994) Nov/Dec, pp. 20-33.
  • Butler, Michael J. “Just War Theory and U.S. Military Intervention in Crisis”. Journal of Conflict Resolution 47/2 (2003), pp. 226-248.
  • Huntington, Samuel P. “Political Development and Political Decay”. World Po- litics, 17 (1965), pp.386-430.
  • Regan, Patrick M. “Third-Party Interventions and the Duration of Intrastate Conflicts”. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 46/1 (2002), pp. 55-73. Electronics Sources
  • http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/africa/01/05/kenya.diplomat.ap/index. html(01.05.2008)
  • http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/1024563.stm(18.01.2008).
  • http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/international/countriesandterritories/ kenya/index.html?inline=nyt-geo(30.01.2008).
  • http://www.csmonitor.com/2008/0103/p01s03-woaf.html (01.03.2008).
  • http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2962.htm(12.07.2007).
  • http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article25500(25.01.2008).
  • https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ke.html (24.01.2008).
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Kieran E. Uchehara This is me

Publication Date March 1, 2008
Published in Issue Year 2008 Volume: 1 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Uchehara, K. E. . (2008). Regional Organizations and Conflict Management in Africa: The Case of the African Union and Conflict Management in Kenya. Gazi Akademik Bakış, 1(2), 19-34.
AMA Uchehara KE. Regional Organizations and Conflict Management in Africa: The Case of the African Union and Conflict Management in Kenya. Gazi Akademik Bakış. March 2008;1(2):19-34.
Chicago Uchehara, Kieran E. “Regional Organizations and Conflict Management in Africa: The Case of the African Union and Conflict Management in Kenya”. Gazi Akademik Bakış 1, no. 2 (March 2008): 19-34.
EndNote Uchehara KE (March 1, 2008) Regional Organizations and Conflict Management in Africa: The Case of the African Union and Conflict Management in Kenya. Gazi Akademik Bakış 1 2 19–34.
IEEE K. E. . Uchehara, “Regional Organizations and Conflict Management in Africa: The Case of the African Union and Conflict Management in Kenya”, Gazi Akademik Bakış, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 19–34, 2008.
ISNAD Uchehara, Kieran E. “Regional Organizations and Conflict Management in Africa: The Case of the African Union and Conflict Management in Kenya”. Gazi Akademik Bakış 1/2 (March 2008), 19-34.
JAMA Uchehara KE. Regional Organizations and Conflict Management in Africa: The Case of the African Union and Conflict Management in Kenya. Gazi Akademik Bakış. 2008;1:19–34.
MLA Uchehara, Kieran E. “Regional Organizations and Conflict Management in Africa: The Case of the African Union and Conflict Management in Kenya”. Gazi Akademik Bakış, vol. 1, no. 2, 2008, pp. 19-34.
Vancouver Uchehara KE. Regional Organizations and Conflict Management in Africa: The Case of the African Union and Conflict Management in Kenya. Gazi Akademik Bakış. 2008;1(2):19-34.

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