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İran-Suudi Arabistan Rekabeti ve Yemen Krizi

Year 2022, Volume: 16 Issue: 31, 345 - 360, 11.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.19060/gav.1217296

Abstract

İran’ın devrimci İslami kimliği çerçevesinde ABD ve müttefiklerine karşı cephe alması başta Suudi Arabistan olmak üzere pek çok Arap ülkesinin teyakkuza geçmesine yol açmıştır. 1979 İran Devrimi’nden sonra İran ile Suudi Arabistan arasındaki ilişkiler temelden bozulurken, iki ülke arasındaki ideolojik ve jeopolitik mücadele derinleşmiştir. Bu durum sadece iki ülkeyi etkilemekle kalmamış, bölgedeki birçok aktörün de jeopolitik ve ideolojik olarak tehdit altında hissetmesine yol açmıştır. Orta Doğu’da bölgesel istikarsızlık artarken mezhebi rekabet ve ideolojik mücadele de tırmanmıştır. Arap Baharı süreci ise Orta Doğu devletleri arasındaki Hobbesçu anarşik yapıyı daha da belirgin hale getirmiştir. Bu minvalde Arap Baharı’nın ardından İran ile Suudi Arabistan arasında Yemen, Suriye, Lübnan, Irak ve Bahreyn gibi ülkeleri kapsayan bir gerilim ekseni ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu gerilim ekseninin en sıcak noktası ise Yemen olmuştur. Nitekim Şii kimlikleriyle bilinen Zeydi Husilerin Yemen’deki ilerleyişi İran tarafından desteklenmiş ancak Suudi Arabistan ve müttefikleri tarafından kabul edilemez bulunmuştur. Nihayetinde Suudi Arabistan ve müttefikleri, Şii yayılmacılığının bir parçası olarak gördükleri Husilere karşı mücadeleye girişmişlerdir. Öte yandan Suudi Arabistan’ın kendilerine yönelik saldırgan politikasıyla Husiler, pragmatik ve ideolojik gerekçelerle İran’la ilişkilerini daha çok geliştirmişlerdir. Özünde Yemen’in yerel ve toplumsal sorunlarının bir sonucu olarak ortaya çıkan Husiler zamanla İran-Suudi Arabistan rekabetin denkleminde bir başka payda haline gelmişlerdir.

References

  • AL FAISAL, Turki, “Saudi Arabia’s Foreign Policy”, Middle East Policy, 20(4), 2013, pp 37-44.
  • ABDULLAH, Jamal vd., Gulf Cooperation Council’s Challenges and Prospects, Al Jazeera Center for Studies, 2014.
  • ALLEY, April L., “Collapse of the Houthi-Saleh Alliance and the Future of Yemen’s War”, 11 Ocak 2018, https://www.crisisgroup, .org/middle-east-north-africa/gulf-and-arabian-peninsula/ yemen/collapse-houthi-saleh-alliance-and-future-yemens-war.
  • AL-MONITOR, “Yemen’s Houthis proxy, not ally for Iran”, 19 November 2014, https://www.almonitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/11/yemen-houthis differences-hezbollah-lebanon.html.
  • AMELOT, Laurent, “Yémen: une Guerre Saoudienne Contre L’Iran”. Outre-Terre, Number:3, 2015, pp. 329-338.
  • ASGARKHANI, Abu Mohammad–Mahmoud Babaei, “Emniyet-i Hesti Şenahti ve Meseleyi Emniyet-i Halic-i Farsi Bade Ez Enqilab-i İslam-i İran”, Pejuheşhay-i Siyaset-i Cihan-i İslami, 2(4), 2012.
  • BARZEGAR, Keyhan-Dinan Seyyed Morteza, “Iran’s Political Stance toward Yemen’s Ansar Allah Movement: A Constructivist Based Study”, Journal of Politics and Law, 9(9), 2016, 77-91.
  • BAUCHARD Denis, “Arabie saoudite, Iran, Turquie à la poursuite d’un leadership régional”, éd., Le Moyen-Orient et le monde, La Découverte, 2020, pp. 47-54.
  • BARZEGAR, Kayhan “Iran and the Shiite Crescent: Myths and realities”, Brown J. World Aff., 15, 2008.
  • BONNEFOY, Laurent, “Yémen: Comprendre la Guerre”, Études, Number:2, 2018, pp.17-28.
  • BONNEFOY, Laurent et al., Yémen. Le Tournant Révolutionnaire, Karthala Editions, 2012.

Iran-Saudi Arabia Rivalry and the Yemen Crisis

Year 2022, Volume: 16 Issue: 31, 345 - 360, 11.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.19060/gav.1217296

Abstract

Iran’s confrontation with the USA and its allies within the framework of its revolutionary Islamic identity has led many Arab countries, especially Saudi Arabia, to be vigilant. After the 1979 Iranian Revolution, the relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia deteriorated fundamentally, and the ideological and geopolitical struggle between the two countries deepened. This situation not only affected the two countries, but also drew many countries in the region to the firing line. While regional instability has increased in the Middle East, sectarian rivalry and ideological struggle have also escalated. The Arab Spring process, on the other hand, made the Hobbesian anarchic structure among the Middle Eastern states even more evident. In this respect, after the Arab Spring, an axis of tension has emerged between Iran and Saudi Arabia, covering countries such as Yemen, Syria, Lebanon, Iraq and Bahrain. The hottest point of this tension axis has been Yemen. As a matter of fact, the progress of the Zaydi Houthis, known as Shiite, in Yemen was supported by Iran, but was found unacceptable by Saudi Arabia and its allies. Ultimately, Saudi Arabia and its allies started a struggle against the Houthis, which they saw as part of Shiite expansionism. On the other hand, with the aggressive policy of Saudi Arabia towards them, the Houthis have further developed their relations with Iran for pragmatic and ideological reasons. In essence, the Houthis, which emerged as a result of Yemen’s local and social problems, gradually became another denominator in the equation of the Iran-Saudi Arabia rivalry.

References

  • AL FAISAL, Turki, “Saudi Arabia’s Foreign Policy”, Middle East Policy, 20(4), 2013, pp 37-44.
  • ABDULLAH, Jamal vd., Gulf Cooperation Council’s Challenges and Prospects, Al Jazeera Center for Studies, 2014.
  • ALLEY, April L., “Collapse of the Houthi-Saleh Alliance and the Future of Yemen’s War”, 11 Ocak 2018, https://www.crisisgroup, .org/middle-east-north-africa/gulf-and-arabian-peninsula/ yemen/collapse-houthi-saleh-alliance-and-future-yemens-war.
  • AL-MONITOR, “Yemen’s Houthis proxy, not ally for Iran”, 19 November 2014, https://www.almonitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/11/yemen-houthis differences-hezbollah-lebanon.html.
  • AMELOT, Laurent, “Yémen: une Guerre Saoudienne Contre L’Iran”. Outre-Terre, Number:3, 2015, pp. 329-338.
  • ASGARKHANI, Abu Mohammad–Mahmoud Babaei, “Emniyet-i Hesti Şenahti ve Meseleyi Emniyet-i Halic-i Farsi Bade Ez Enqilab-i İslam-i İran”, Pejuheşhay-i Siyaset-i Cihan-i İslami, 2(4), 2012.
  • BARZEGAR, Keyhan-Dinan Seyyed Morteza, “Iran’s Political Stance toward Yemen’s Ansar Allah Movement: A Constructivist Based Study”, Journal of Politics and Law, 9(9), 2016, 77-91.
  • BAUCHARD Denis, “Arabie saoudite, Iran, Turquie à la poursuite d’un leadership régional”, éd., Le Moyen-Orient et le monde, La Découverte, 2020, pp. 47-54.
  • BARZEGAR, Kayhan “Iran and the Shiite Crescent: Myths and realities”, Brown J. World Aff., 15, 2008.
  • BONNEFOY, Laurent, “Yémen: Comprendre la Guerre”, Études, Number:2, 2018, pp.17-28.
  • BONNEFOY, Laurent et al., Yémen. Le Tournant Révolutionnaire, Karthala Editions, 2012.
There are 11 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Political Science, International Relations
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ramazan İzol This is me 0000-0003-2028-3477

Murat Cingöz 0000-0001-5995-8713

Early Pub Date December 10, 2022
Publication Date December 11, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 16 Issue: 31

Cite

APA İzol, R., & Cingöz, M. (2022). Iran-Saudi Arabia Rivalry and the Yemen Crisis. Gazi Akademik Bakış, 16(31), 345-360. https://doi.org/10.19060/gav.1217296
AMA İzol R, Cingöz M. Iran-Saudi Arabia Rivalry and the Yemen Crisis. Gazi Akademik Bakış. December 2022;16(31):345-360. doi:10.19060/gav.1217296
Chicago İzol, Ramazan, and Murat Cingöz. “Iran-Saudi Arabia Rivalry and the Yemen Crisis”. Gazi Akademik Bakış 16, no. 31 (December 2022): 345-60. https://doi.org/10.19060/gav.1217296.
EndNote İzol R, Cingöz M (December 1, 2022) Iran-Saudi Arabia Rivalry and the Yemen Crisis. Gazi Akademik Bakış 16 31 345–360.
IEEE R. İzol and M. Cingöz, “Iran-Saudi Arabia Rivalry and the Yemen Crisis”, Gazi Akademik Bakış, vol. 16, no. 31, pp. 345–360, 2022, doi: 10.19060/gav.1217296.
ISNAD İzol, Ramazan - Cingöz, Murat. “Iran-Saudi Arabia Rivalry and the Yemen Crisis”. Gazi Akademik Bakış 16/31 (December 2022), 345-360. https://doi.org/10.19060/gav.1217296.
JAMA İzol R, Cingöz M. Iran-Saudi Arabia Rivalry and the Yemen Crisis. Gazi Akademik Bakış. 2022;16:345–360.
MLA İzol, Ramazan and Murat Cingöz. “Iran-Saudi Arabia Rivalry and the Yemen Crisis”. Gazi Akademik Bakış, vol. 16, no. 31, 2022, pp. 345-60, doi:10.19060/gav.1217296.
Vancouver İzol R, Cingöz M. Iran-Saudi Arabia Rivalry and the Yemen Crisis. Gazi Akademik Bakış. 2022;16(31):345-60.

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