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3-Dimensional implant planning in prosthetic dentistry and surgical guides

Year 2016, , 55 - 62, 01.01.2016

Abdullah Oğuz Hamiş Oğuz Ozan Serhat Ramoğlu

https://doi.org/10.17214/aot.32902

Abstract

In implant dentistry, technological inventions are now being utilized in order to achieve better treatment results; thus failures associated with conventional surgical techniques are reduced. With the use of 3-dimensional computer-assisted planning, the density and the width of bone, and anatomic landmarks can be observed in detail and also a 3-dimensional model of the bone tissue can be constructed. By using contemporary radiological and surgical guides, fabrication of superior quality implant-supported restorations is possible. In this review, information regarding planning methods to get better prosthetic results in dental implant treatments has been given. Also, the accuracy of these methods has been evaluated in the light of the current dental literature.

Keywords

Dental implant computer-assisted prosthodontics surgery computer-assisted

References

  • Kang SH, Lee JW, Lim SH, Kim YH, Kim MK. Verification of the usability of a navigation method in dental implant surgery: in vitro comparison with the stereolithographic surgical guide template method. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2014;42:1530-5.
  • Casap N, Nadel S, Tarazi E, Weiss EI. Evaluation of navigation system for dental implantation as a tool to train novice dental practioners. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011;69:2548-56.
  • Rossi R, Morales RS, Frascaria M, Benzi R, Squadrito N. Planning implants in the esthetic zone using a new implant 3D navigation system. Eur J Esthet Dent 2010;5:172-88.
  • Petterson A, Kero T, Gillot L, Cannas B, Fäldt J, Söderberg R, et al. Accuracy of CAD/CAM-guided surgical template implant surgery on human cadavers: Part 1. J Prosthet Dent 2010;103:334-42.
  • Alnıaçık G, İnan Ö, Tak Ö. İmplant diş hekimliğinde kullanılan radyografik tekniklerin cerrahi ve protetik tedavideki yararları. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 2014;8:141-51.
  • Valente F, Schiroli G, Sbrenna A. Accuracy of computer-aided oral implant surgery: a clinical and radiographic study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2009;24:234-42.
  • D'Souza KM, Aras MA. Types of implant surgical guides in dentistry: a review. J Oral Implantol 2012;38:643-52.
  • D'Haese J, Vervaeke S, Verbanck N, De Bruyn H. Clinical and radiographic outcome of implants placed using stereolithographic guided surgery: a prospective monocenter study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2013;28:205-15.
  • Shapurian T, Damoulis PD, Reiser GM, Griffin TJ, Rand WM. Quantitative evaluation of bone density using the Hounsfield index. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2006;21:290-7.
  • Misir AF, Sumer M, Yenisey M, Ergioglu E. Effect of surgical drill guide on heat generated from implant drilling. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2009;67:2663-8.
  • Lozada JL, Garbacea A, Goodacre CJ, Kattadiyil MT. Use of a digitally planned and fabricated mandibular complete denture for easy convension to an immediately loaded provisional fixed complete denture. Part 1. Planning and surgical phase. Int J Prosthodont 2014;27:417-21.
  • Ozan O, Orhan K, Turkyilmaz I. Correlation between bone density and angular deviation of implants placed using CT-generated surgical guides. J Craniofac Surg 2011;22:1755-61.
  • Lal K, White GS, Morea DN, Wright RF. Use of stereolithographic templates for surgical and prosthodontic implant planning and placement. Part I. The concept. J Prosthodont 2006;15:51-8.
  • Orentlicher G, Abboud M. Guided surgery for implant therapy. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 2011;23:239-56.
  • Beretta M, Poli PP, Maiorana C. Accuracy of computer-aided template-guided oral implant placement: a prospective clinical study. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2014;44:184-93.
  • Sammartino G, Della Valle A, Marenzi G, Gerbino S, Martorelli M, di Lauro AE, et al. Stereolithography in oral implantology: a comparison of surgical guides. Implant Dent 2004;13:133-9.
  • Arisan V, Karabuda ZC, Ozdemir T. Accuracy of two stereolithographic guide systems for computer-aided implant placement: a computed tomography-based clinical comparative study. J Periodontol 2010;81:43-51.
  • Arisan V, Karabuda CZ, Ozdemir T. Implant surgery using boneand mucosa-supported stereolithographic guides in totally edentulous jaws: surgical and post-operative outcomes of computer-aided vs. standard techniques. Clin Oral Implants Res 2010;21:980-8.
  • Kramer FJ, Baethge C, Swennen G, Rosalh S. Navigated vs. conventional implant insertion for maxillary single tooth replacement. Clin Oral Implants Res 2005;16:60-8.
  • Ozan O, Pekperdahci T, Kocyigit D, Meric G. Üç boyutlu implant planlaması ve yeni geliştirilmiş bir cerrahi stentle implantların yerleştirilmesi. Turkiye Klinikleri J Dental Sci 2015;21:151-5.
  • Jabero M, Sarment DP. Advanced surgical guidance technology: a review. Implant Dent 2006;15:135-42.
  • De Vos J, Casselman GR, Swennen J. Cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) imaging of the oral and maxillofacial region: a systematic review of the literature. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2009;38:609-25.
  • Lofthag-Hansen S, Gröndahl K, Ekestubbe A. Cone-beam CT for preoperative implant planning in posterior mandible: visibility of anatomic landmarks. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2009;11:246-55.
  • White SC, Pharoah MJ. Oral radiology principles and interpretation, Los Angeles, CA: Mosby Elsevier; 2009. p.110-4.
  • Scarfe WC, Farman AG, Sukovic P. Clinical applications of conebeam computed tomography in dental practice. J Can Dent Assoc 2006;72:75-80.
  • Kau CH, Bozic M, English J, Lee R, Bussa H, Ellis RK. Cone- beam computed tomography of the maxillofacial region--an update. Int J Med Robot 2009;5:366-80.
  • Casap N, Wexler A, Persky N, Schneider A, Lustmann J. Navigation surgery for dental implants: assessment of accuracy of the image guided implantology system. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2004;62:116-9.
  • Garber DA, Belser UC. Restoration-driven implant placement with restoration-generated site development. Compend Contin Educ Dent 1995;16:796,798-802,804.
  • Sertgöz A. İmplantolojide 3 boyutlu planlama ve güvenli implant yerleştirmesi. İstanbul Dişhekimleri Odası Dergisi 2012;143:44-7.
  • Turkyilmaz I, Ozan O, Yilmaz B, Ersoy AE. Determination of bone quality of 372 implant recipient sites using hounsfield unit from computerized tomography: a clinical study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2008;10:238-44.
  • Dandekeri SS, Sowmya MK, Bhandary S. Stereolithographic surgical template: a review. J Clin Diagn Res 2013;7:2093-5.
  • Spector L. Computer-aided dental implant planning. Dent Clin North Am 2008;52:761-75.
  • Widmann G, Bale RJ. Accuracy in computer-aided implant surgery--a review. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2005;21:305-13.
  • Ganz SD. Presurgical planning with CT-derived fabrication of surgical guides. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2005;63:59-71.
  • Ozan O, Orhan K, Aksoy S, Icen M, Bilecenoglu B, Sakul BU. The effect of removable partial dentures on alveolar bone resorption: a retrospective study with cone-beam computed tomography. J Prosthodont 2013;22:42-8.
  • Chan HL, Misch K, Wang HL. Dental imaging in implant treatment planning. Implant Dent 2010;19:288-98.
  • BouSerhal C, Jacobs R, Quirynen M, van Steenberghe D. Imaging technique selection for the preoperative planning of oral implants: a review of the literature. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2002;4:156-72.
  • Ozan O, Seker E, Kurtulmus-Yilmaz S, Ersoy AE. Clinical application of stereolithographic surgical guide with a handpiece guidance apparatus: a case report. J Oral Implantol 2012;38:603-9.
  • Eltas A, Dündar DS, Uzun İH, Malkoç MA. Dental implant başarısı- nın ve hasta profilinin değerlendirilmesi: Retrospektif bir çalışma. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 2013;21:1-8.
  • Pjetursson BE, Zwahlen M, Lang NP. Quality of reporting of clinical studies to assess and compare performance of implant-supported restorations. J Clin Periodontol 2012;39:139-59.
  • Bankoglu M, Karakoca-Nemli S. Intraoral implant planlamasında üç boyutlu görüntüleme tekniklerinin kullanımı. Ankara Diş Hekimleri Odası Klinik Bilimler Dergisi 2010;4:33-42.
  • Amorfini L, Storelli S, Romeo E. Rehabilitation of a dentate mandible requiring a full arch rehabilitation. Immediate loading of a fixed complete denture on 8 implants placed with a bone-supported surgical computerplanned guide: a case report. J Oral Implantol 2011;37 Spec No:106-13.
  • Reiskin AB. Implant planning. Status, controversies, and new developments. Dent Clin North Am 1998;42:47-56.
  • Ozan O, Turkyilmaz I, Ersoy AE, McGlumphy EA, Rosenstiel SF. Clinical accuracy of 3 different types of computed tomography-derived stereolithographic surgical guides in implant placement. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2009;67:394-401.
  • Xiaojun C, Yanping L, Yiqun W, Changtoo W. Computer-aided oral implantology: methods and applications. J Med Eng Technol 2007;31:459- 67.
  • Block MS, Cervini D, Chang A, Gottsegen GB. Anterior maxillary advancement using tooth-supported distraction osteogenesis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1995;53:561-5.
  • Ozan O, Yilmaz B, Pekperdahci T. The prosthodontic rehabilitation of malpositioned implants in a patient with basal cell carcinoma: a clinical report. J Prosthet Dent 2008;99:174-7.
  • Ersoy AE, Turkyilmaz I, Ozan O, McGlumphy EA. Reliability of implant placement with stereolithographic surgical guides generated from computed tomography: clinical data from 94 implants. J Periodontol 2008;79:1339-45.
  • Akova T, Üstün Y. İmplant tedavisinde bilgisayarlı tomografi destekli cerrahi kılavuzların kullanımı. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 2006;16:16-21.
  • Ganz SD. Techniques for the use of CT imaging for the fabrication of surgical guides. Atlas Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 2006;14:75-97.
  • Hobo S, Ichida E, Garcia LT. Osseointegration and occlusal rehabilitation, Osaka: Quintessence; 1996. p.56-62.
  • Avila G, Galindo-Moreno P, Soehren S, Misch CE, Morelli T, Wang HL. A novel decision-making process for tooth retention or extraction. J Periodontol 2009;80:476-91.
  • Esposito M, Grusovin MG, Chew YS, Coulthard P, Worthington HV. Interventions for replacing missing teeth: 1- versus 2-stage implant placement. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009;3:CD006698.
  • Dhingra K. Oral rehabilitation considerations for partially edentulous periodontal patients. J Prosthodont 2012;21:494-513.
  • Terzioğlu H, Akkaya M, Ozan O. The use of a computerized tomographybased software program with a flapless surgical technique in implant dentistry: a case report. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2008;24:137-42.
  • Misch CE. Contemporary implant dentistry, Tokyo: Mosby Elsevier; 1999. p.56-60.

Protetik diş hekimliğinde 3-boyutlu implant planlama ve cerrahi kılavuzlar

Year 2016, , 55 - 62, 01.01.2016

Abdullah Oğuz Hamiş Oğuz Ozan Serhat Ramoğlu

https://doi.org/10.17214/aot.32902

Abstract

Günümüzde, geleneksel cerrahi yöntemlerle yapılan implant tedavilerindeki başarısızlıkları azaltmak için teknolojinin sunduğu imkanlardan yararlanılıp daha başarılı tedaviler yapılabilmektir. Bu amaçla yapılan 3-boyutlu planlama neticesinde implant yerleştirilecek bölgedeki kemiğin yoğunluğu, genişliği ve anatomik oluşumlar ayrıntılı gözlemlenebilmekte ve kemik dokunun 3-boyutlu modeli oluşturulabilmektedir. Uygun radyolojik kılavuzlar kullanılarak yapılan planlama ve üretilen cerrahi kılavuzlar sayesinde, protetik olarak daha başarılı implant destekli restorasyonların kullanıma sunulması mümkün olabilmektedir. Bu derlemede, dental implant tedavilerinde başarılı protetik sonuçlar elde etmek için yapılan planlama yöntemleri hakkında bilgi verilmiş ve bu yöntemlerin hassasiyeti güncel literatür eşliğinde değerlendirilmiştir.

Keywords

Cerrahi bilgisayar yardımlı diş implantı prostodonti

References

  • Kang SH, Lee JW, Lim SH, Kim YH, Kim MK. Verification of the usability of a navigation method in dental implant surgery: in vitro comparison with the stereolithographic surgical guide template method. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2014;42:1530-5.
  • Casap N, Nadel S, Tarazi E, Weiss EI. Evaluation of navigation system for dental implantation as a tool to train novice dental practioners. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011;69:2548-56.
  • Rossi R, Morales RS, Frascaria M, Benzi R, Squadrito N. Planning implants in the esthetic zone using a new implant 3D navigation system. Eur J Esthet Dent 2010;5:172-88.
  • Petterson A, Kero T, Gillot L, Cannas B, Fäldt J, Söderberg R, et al. Accuracy of CAD/CAM-guided surgical template implant surgery on human cadavers: Part 1. J Prosthet Dent 2010;103:334-42.
  • Alnıaçık G, İnan Ö, Tak Ö. İmplant diş hekimliğinde kullanılan radyografik tekniklerin cerrahi ve protetik tedavideki yararları. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 2014;8:141-51.
  • Valente F, Schiroli G, Sbrenna A. Accuracy of computer-aided oral implant surgery: a clinical and radiographic study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2009;24:234-42.
  • D'Souza KM, Aras MA. Types of implant surgical guides in dentistry: a review. J Oral Implantol 2012;38:643-52.
  • D'Haese J, Vervaeke S, Verbanck N, De Bruyn H. Clinical and radiographic outcome of implants placed using stereolithographic guided surgery: a prospective monocenter study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2013;28:205-15.
  • Shapurian T, Damoulis PD, Reiser GM, Griffin TJ, Rand WM. Quantitative evaluation of bone density using the Hounsfield index. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2006;21:290-7.
  • Misir AF, Sumer M, Yenisey M, Ergioglu E. Effect of surgical drill guide on heat generated from implant drilling. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2009;67:2663-8.
  • Lozada JL, Garbacea A, Goodacre CJ, Kattadiyil MT. Use of a digitally planned and fabricated mandibular complete denture for easy convension to an immediately loaded provisional fixed complete denture. Part 1. Planning and surgical phase. Int J Prosthodont 2014;27:417-21.
  • Ozan O, Orhan K, Turkyilmaz I. Correlation between bone density and angular deviation of implants placed using CT-generated surgical guides. J Craniofac Surg 2011;22:1755-61.
  • Lal K, White GS, Morea DN, Wright RF. Use of stereolithographic templates for surgical and prosthodontic implant planning and placement. Part I. The concept. J Prosthodont 2006;15:51-8.
  • Orentlicher G, Abboud M. Guided surgery for implant therapy. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 2011;23:239-56.
  • Beretta M, Poli PP, Maiorana C. Accuracy of computer-aided template-guided oral implant placement: a prospective clinical study. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2014;44:184-93.
  • Sammartino G, Della Valle A, Marenzi G, Gerbino S, Martorelli M, di Lauro AE, et al. Stereolithography in oral implantology: a comparison of surgical guides. Implant Dent 2004;13:133-9.
  • Arisan V, Karabuda ZC, Ozdemir T. Accuracy of two stereolithographic guide systems for computer-aided implant placement: a computed tomography-based clinical comparative study. J Periodontol 2010;81:43-51.
  • Arisan V, Karabuda CZ, Ozdemir T. Implant surgery using boneand mucosa-supported stereolithographic guides in totally edentulous jaws: surgical and post-operative outcomes of computer-aided vs. standard techniques. Clin Oral Implants Res 2010;21:980-8.
  • Kramer FJ, Baethge C, Swennen G, Rosalh S. Navigated vs. conventional implant insertion for maxillary single tooth replacement. Clin Oral Implants Res 2005;16:60-8.
  • Ozan O, Pekperdahci T, Kocyigit D, Meric G. Üç boyutlu implant planlaması ve yeni geliştirilmiş bir cerrahi stentle implantların yerleştirilmesi. Turkiye Klinikleri J Dental Sci 2015;21:151-5.
  • Jabero M, Sarment DP. Advanced surgical guidance technology: a review. Implant Dent 2006;15:135-42.
  • De Vos J, Casselman GR, Swennen J. Cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) imaging of the oral and maxillofacial region: a systematic review of the literature. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2009;38:609-25.
  • Lofthag-Hansen S, Gröndahl K, Ekestubbe A. Cone-beam CT for preoperative implant planning in posterior mandible: visibility of anatomic landmarks. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2009;11:246-55.
  • White SC, Pharoah MJ. Oral radiology principles and interpretation, Los Angeles, CA: Mosby Elsevier; 2009. p.110-4.
  • Scarfe WC, Farman AG, Sukovic P. Clinical applications of conebeam computed tomography in dental practice. J Can Dent Assoc 2006;72:75-80.
  • Kau CH, Bozic M, English J, Lee R, Bussa H, Ellis RK. Cone- beam computed tomography of the maxillofacial region--an update. Int J Med Robot 2009;5:366-80.
  • Casap N, Wexler A, Persky N, Schneider A, Lustmann J. Navigation surgery for dental implants: assessment of accuracy of the image guided implantology system. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2004;62:116-9.
  • Garber DA, Belser UC. Restoration-driven implant placement with restoration-generated site development. Compend Contin Educ Dent 1995;16:796,798-802,804.
  • Sertgöz A. İmplantolojide 3 boyutlu planlama ve güvenli implant yerleştirmesi. İstanbul Dişhekimleri Odası Dergisi 2012;143:44-7.
  • Turkyilmaz I, Ozan O, Yilmaz B, Ersoy AE. Determination of bone quality of 372 implant recipient sites using hounsfield unit from computerized tomography: a clinical study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2008;10:238-44.
  • Dandekeri SS, Sowmya MK, Bhandary S. Stereolithographic surgical template: a review. J Clin Diagn Res 2013;7:2093-5.
  • Spector L. Computer-aided dental implant planning. Dent Clin North Am 2008;52:761-75.
  • Widmann G, Bale RJ. Accuracy in computer-aided implant surgery--a review. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2005;21:305-13.
  • Ganz SD. Presurgical planning with CT-derived fabrication of surgical guides. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2005;63:59-71.
  • Ozan O, Orhan K, Aksoy S, Icen M, Bilecenoglu B, Sakul BU. The effect of removable partial dentures on alveolar bone resorption: a retrospective study with cone-beam computed tomography. J Prosthodont 2013;22:42-8.
  • Chan HL, Misch K, Wang HL. Dental imaging in implant treatment planning. Implant Dent 2010;19:288-98.
  • BouSerhal C, Jacobs R, Quirynen M, van Steenberghe D. Imaging technique selection for the preoperative planning of oral implants: a review of the literature. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2002;4:156-72.
  • Ozan O, Seker E, Kurtulmus-Yilmaz S, Ersoy AE. Clinical application of stereolithographic surgical guide with a handpiece guidance apparatus: a case report. J Oral Implantol 2012;38:603-9.
  • Eltas A, Dündar DS, Uzun İH, Malkoç MA. Dental implant başarısı- nın ve hasta profilinin değerlendirilmesi: Retrospektif bir çalışma. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 2013;21:1-8.
  • Pjetursson BE, Zwahlen M, Lang NP. Quality of reporting of clinical studies to assess and compare performance of implant-supported restorations. J Clin Periodontol 2012;39:139-59.
  • Bankoglu M, Karakoca-Nemli S. Intraoral implant planlamasında üç boyutlu görüntüleme tekniklerinin kullanımı. Ankara Diş Hekimleri Odası Klinik Bilimler Dergisi 2010;4:33-42.
  • Amorfini L, Storelli S, Romeo E. Rehabilitation of a dentate mandible requiring a full arch rehabilitation. Immediate loading of a fixed complete denture on 8 implants placed with a bone-supported surgical computerplanned guide: a case report. J Oral Implantol 2011;37 Spec No:106-13.
  • Reiskin AB. Implant planning. Status, controversies, and new developments. Dent Clin North Am 1998;42:47-56.
  • Ozan O, Turkyilmaz I, Ersoy AE, McGlumphy EA, Rosenstiel SF. Clinical accuracy of 3 different types of computed tomography-derived stereolithographic surgical guides in implant placement. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2009;67:394-401.
  • Xiaojun C, Yanping L, Yiqun W, Changtoo W. Computer-aided oral implantology: methods and applications. J Med Eng Technol 2007;31:459- 67.
  • Block MS, Cervini D, Chang A, Gottsegen GB. Anterior maxillary advancement using tooth-supported distraction osteogenesis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1995;53:561-5.
  • Ozan O, Yilmaz B, Pekperdahci T. The prosthodontic rehabilitation of malpositioned implants in a patient with basal cell carcinoma: a clinical report. J Prosthet Dent 2008;99:174-7.
  • Ersoy AE, Turkyilmaz I, Ozan O, McGlumphy EA. Reliability of implant placement with stereolithographic surgical guides generated from computed tomography: clinical data from 94 implants. J Periodontol 2008;79:1339-45.
  • Akova T, Üstün Y. İmplant tedavisinde bilgisayarlı tomografi destekli cerrahi kılavuzların kullanımı. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 2006;16:16-21.
  • Ganz SD. Techniques for the use of CT imaging for the fabrication of surgical guides. Atlas Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 2006;14:75-97.
  • Hobo S, Ichida E, Garcia LT. Osseointegration and occlusal rehabilitation, Osaka: Quintessence; 1996. p.56-62.
  • Avila G, Galindo-Moreno P, Soehren S, Misch CE, Morelli T, Wang HL. A novel decision-making process for tooth retention or extraction. J Periodontol 2009;80:476-91.
  • Esposito M, Grusovin MG, Chew YS, Coulthard P, Worthington HV. Interventions for replacing missing teeth: 1- versus 2-stage implant placement. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009;3:CD006698.
  • Dhingra K. Oral rehabilitation considerations for partially edentulous periodontal patients. J Prosthodont 2012;21:494-513.
  • Terzioğlu H, Akkaya M, Ozan O. The use of a computerized tomographybased software program with a flapless surgical technique in implant dentistry: a case report. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2008;24:137-42.
  • Misch CE. Contemporary implant dentistry, Tokyo: Mosby Elsevier; 1999. p.56-60.
There are 56 citations in total.

Details

Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Review Article
Authors

Abdullah Oğuz Hamiş This is me

Oğuz Ozan This is me

Serhat Ramoğlu This is me

Publication Date January 1, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016

Cite

APA Hamiş, A. O., Ozan, O., & Ramoğlu, S. (2016). Protetik diş hekimliğinde 3-boyutlu implant planlama ve cerrahi kılavuzlar. Acta Odontologica Turcica, 33(1), 55-62. https://doi.org/10.17214/aot.32902
AMA Hamiş AO, Ozan O, Ramoğlu S. Protetik diş hekimliğinde 3-boyutlu implant planlama ve cerrahi kılavuzlar. Acta Odontol Turc. January 2016;33(1):55-62. doi:10.17214/aot.32902
Chicago Hamiş, Abdullah Oğuz, Oğuz Ozan, and Serhat Ramoğlu. “Protetik Diş hekimliğinde 3-Boyutlu Implant Planlama Ve Cerrahi kılavuzlar”. Acta Odontologica Turcica 33, no. 1 (January 2016): 55-62. https://doi.org/10.17214/aot.32902.
EndNote Hamiş AO, Ozan O, Ramoğlu S (January 1, 2016) Protetik diş hekimliğinde 3-boyutlu implant planlama ve cerrahi kılavuzlar. Acta Odontologica Turcica 33 1 55–62.
IEEE A. O. Hamiş, O. Ozan, and S. Ramoğlu, “Protetik diş hekimliğinde 3-boyutlu implant planlama ve cerrahi kılavuzlar”, Acta Odontol Turc, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 55–62, 2016, doi: 10.17214/aot.32902.
ISNAD Hamiş, Abdullah Oğuz et al. “Protetik Diş hekimliğinde 3-Boyutlu Implant Planlama Ve Cerrahi kılavuzlar”. Acta Odontologica Turcica 33/1 (January 2016), 55-62. https://doi.org/10.17214/aot.32902.
JAMA Hamiş AO, Ozan O, Ramoğlu S. Protetik diş hekimliğinde 3-boyutlu implant planlama ve cerrahi kılavuzlar. Acta Odontol Turc. 2016;33:55–62.
MLA Hamiş, Abdullah Oğuz et al. “Protetik Diş hekimliğinde 3-Boyutlu Implant Planlama Ve Cerrahi kılavuzlar”. Acta Odontologica Turcica, vol. 33, no. 1, 2016, pp. 55-62, doi:10.17214/aot.32902.
Vancouver Hamiş AO, Ozan O, Ramoğlu S. Protetik diş hekimliğinde 3-boyutlu implant planlama ve cerrahi kılavuzlar. Acta Odontol Turc. 2016;33(1):55-62.