Neurodevelopmental disorders and orthodontics

Year 2014, , 36 - 42, 25.02.2014

Cemile Uysal Belma Işık Aslan

https://doi.org/10.17214/aot.21594

Abstract

Neurodevelopmental disorder, characterized by impairment of brain or central nervous system, is defined as a condition of abnormal brain function that affects the growing child's emotional condition, learning ability and memory. Delayed social development, communication problems, repetitive behaviors, unusual eating behavior, insomnia, sensitivity to sounds, motor problems related to poor muscle tonus may be seen in this type of disorder. Cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, Autism, Epilepsy, Fragile X syndrome, attention deficiency and hyperactivity disorder are some of the neuro-developmental disorders that have importance in dentistry. Although dental and orthodontic problems are often seen in children with special needs, there is relatively few number of dentists who have adequate facilities in this regard. With orthodontic treatment for children with disabilities, improvement in oral functions, such as swallowing, salivation, speech and mastication can be gained; and thus, increase in self-confidence and quality of life can be achieved.

Keywords

Craniofacial Abnormalities, Handicapped, Neurodevelopmental Disorder, Orthodontics

Nörogelişimsel bozukluklar ve ortodonti

Abstract

Nörogelişimsel bozukluk, beyin veya merkezi sinir sistemi hasarıyla karakterize, büyümekte olan çocuğun duygu durumunu, öğrenme kabiliyetini ve hafızasını etkileyen anormal beyin fonksiyonu durumudur. Bu bozukluklarda, genellikle sosyal gelişimde gecikme, iletişim bozukluğu, tekrarlayıcı davranış, anormal yeme alışkanlığı, uyku bozukluğu, seslere karşı hassasiyet ve kas tonusuyla alakalı motor problemler görülebilmektedir. Serebral palsi, Down sendromu, Turner sendromu, otizm, epilepsi, Fragile X sendromu, dikkat eksikliği ve hiperaktivite bozukluğu, diş hekimliği açısından önemi olan nörogelişimsel bozukluklardır. Özel ihtiyaçları olan çocuklarda dental ve ortodontik problemler sıklıkla görülmesine rağmen, bu konuda yeterli donanıma sahip diş hekimi sayısı oldukça azdır. Ortodontik tedavi ile engelli çocuklarda, yutkunma, salya akıtma, konuşma, çiğneme gibi fonksiyonlarda iyi yönde gelişim elde edilerek, bu bireylerin özgüvenlerinin ve yaşam kalitelerinin artması sağlanabilmektedir.

Keywords

Engelli, Kafa Yüz Anormallikleri, Nörogelişimsel Bozukluk, Ortodonti

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