Imaging of accessory mental foramen with cone-beam computerized tomography: two case reports

Year 2015, Volume: 32 Issue: 2, 81 - 4, 21.04.2015

Mustafa Gümüşok , Zühre Zafersoy Akarslan Özlem Üçok

https://doi.org/10.17214/aot.63631

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Mental foramen is an important anatomic structure of the mandible. Mental foramen may be presented as more than one in some individuals and named as accessory mental foramen in such cases. Compared to mental foramen, accessory mental foramens are smaller in dimension and because of this, they may remain undetected with conventional imaging modalities. Cone-beam computerized tomography is a technique providing radiographic images of the three orthogonal planes of the maxillofacial region without magnification and distortion. Thus, compared with conventional radiographic techniques, it is more successful in the diagnosis of anatomic structures such as the accessory mental foramen.

CASE REPORT: Two female patients, one aged 27 and the other aged 59, presenting accessory mental foramen on cone-beam computerized tomography images on the left side of the mandible were presented in this article.

CONCLUSION: The visualization of accessory mental foramens with cone-beam computerized tomography has an important role in preventing complications like paresthesia and bleeding during surgical procedures.

Keywords

Accessory mental foramen, cone-beam computerized tomography, mandible, mental foramen, radiography

Aksesuar mental foramenin konik-ışınlı bilgisayarlı tomografi ile görüntülenmesi: iki olgu bildirimi

Abstract

TANITIM: Mental foramen mandibulanın önemli anatomik yapılarındandır. Bazı bireylerde mental foramen birden fazla sayıda olabilmekte ve böyle vakalarda aksesuar mental foramen olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Aksesuar mental foramenler, mental foramene kıyasla daha küçük boyutlarda olmalarından dolayı genellikle geleneksel yöntemlerle görüntüleme esnasında teşhis edilememektedir. Konik-ışınlı bilgisayarlı tomografi, maksillofasiyal bölgedeki yapıların radyografik görüntülerinin her üç ortogonal düzlemde magnifikasyonsuz ve distorsiyonsuz elde edilmesini sağlayan bir tekniktir. Bu nedenle geleneksel radyografik tekniklere göre aksesuar mental foramen gibi anatomik yapıların teşhisinde başarılıdır.

OLGU BİLDİRİMİ: Bu olgu bildiriminde birisi 27 diğeri 59 yaşında olan ve konik-ışınlı bilgisayarlı tomografi görüntülerinde mandibulanın sol tarafında aksesuar mental foramen izlenen iki kadın hasta rapor edilmektedir.

SONUÇ: Konik-ışınlı bilgisayarlı tomografi ile aksesuar mental foramenlerin görüntülenmesi, cerrahi işlemlere bağlı gelişebilecek parestezi ve kanama gibi komplikasyonların önlenmesinde önemli rol oynayacaktır.

Keywords

Aksesuar mental foramen, konik ışınlı bilgisayarlı tomografi, mandibula, mental foramen, radyografi

References

• De Andrade E, Otomo-Corgel J, Pucher J, Ranganath KA, St George N Jr. The intraosseous course of themandibular incisive nerve in the mandibular symphysis. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2001;21:591-7.
• Mraiwa N, Jacobs R, Moerman P, Lambrichts I, van Steenberghe D, Quirynen M. Presence and course of the incisive canal in the human mandibular interforaminal region: two-dimensional imaging versus anatomical observations. Surg Radiol Anat 2003;25:416-23.
• Greenstein G, Tarnow D. The mental foramen and nerve: clinical and anatomical factors related to dental ımplant placement: a literature review. J Periodontol 2006;77:1933-43.
• Neves FS, Torres MG, Oliveira C, Campos PS, Crusoé-Rebello I. Lingual accessory mental foramen: a report of an extremely rare anatomical variation. J Oral Sci 2010;52:501-3.
• Kaufman E, Serman NJ,Wang PD. Bilateral mandibular accessory foramina and canals: a case report and review of the literature. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2000;29:170-5.
• Katakami K, Mishima A, Shiozaki K, Shimoda S, Hamada Y, Kobayashi K. Characteristics of accessory mental foramina observed on limited cone-beam computed tomography. J Endod 2008;34:1441-5.
• Kalender A, Orhan K, Aksoy U. Evaluation of the mental foramen and accessory mental foramen in Turkish patients using cone-beam computed tomography images reconstructed from a volumetric rendering program. Clin Anat 2012;25:584-92.
• Sawyer DR, Kiely ML, Pyle MA. The frequency of accessory mental foramina in four ethnic groups. Arch Oral Biol 1998;43:417-20.
• Naitoh M, Hiraiwa Y, Aimiya H, Gotoh K, Ariji E. Accessory mental foramen assessment using cone-beam computed tomography. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2009;107:289-94.
• Al-Khateeb T, Al-Hadi Hamasha A, Ababneh KT. Position of the mental foramen in a northern regional Jordanian population. Surg Radiol Anat 2007;29:231-7.
• Göregen M, Miloğlu Ö, Ersoy İ, Bayrakdar İŞ, Akgül HM. The assessment of accessory mental foramina using cone-beam computed tomography. Turk J Med Sci 2013;43:479-83.
• de Freitas V, Madeira MC, Toledo Filho JL, Chagas CF. Absence of the mental foramen in dry human mandibles. Acta Anat (Basel) 1979;104:353-5.
• Toh H, Kodama J, Yanagisako M, Ohmori T. Anatomical study of the accessory mental foramen and the distribution of its nerve. Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn 1992;69:85-8.
• Scarfe WC, Farman AG. What is cone-beam CT and how does it work? Dent Clin North Am 2008;52:707-30.
• Naitoh M, Yoshida K, Nakahara K, Gotoh K, Ariji E. Demonstration of the accessory mental foramen using rotational panoramic radiography compared with cone-beam computed tomography. Clin Oral Implants Res 2011;22:1415-9.
• Imada TS, Fernandes LM, Centurion BS, de Oliveira-Santos C, Honório HM, Rubira-Bullen IR. Accessory mental foramina: prevalence, position and diameter assessed by cone-beam computed tomography and digital panoramic radiographs. Clin Oral Implants Res 2014;25:e94-9.
• Orhan AI, Orhan K, Aksoy S, Ozgül O, Horasan S, Arslan A, et al. Evaluation of perimandibular neurovascularization with accessory mental foramina using cone-beam computed tomography in children. J Craniofac Surg 2013;24:e365-9.