BibTex RIS Cite

ANADOLU’DA ROMA DÖNEMİ YAPI TUĞLALARININ ÖZELLİKLERİ

Year 2017, Volume: 32 Issue: 1, 0 - 0, 23.03.2017
https://doi.org/10.17341/gazimmfd.300612

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Bergama’da bulunan Kızıl Avlu (Serapeum) ile Aigai ve Nysa antik kentlerinde bulunan farklı yapılardan alınan Roma dönemi yapı tuğlalarının kimyasal ve mineralojik kompozisyonları, fiziksel, mikroyapısal ve puzolanik özellikleri XRF, XRD, FTIR, SEM-EDS ve kimyasal analizler ile belirlenmiştir. Tuğlaların kimyasal kompozisyonlarını oluşturan temel oksitler ve eser elementler istatistik yöntemler kullanılarak tuğlaların üretiminde kullanılan hammadde kaynaklarının aynı olup olmadığını belirlemeye yönelik olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, Roma dönemi yapı tuğlalarının kalsiyumca zengin kil kaynakları kullanılarak ve düşük sıcaklıklarda (< 900°C) pişirilerek üretilmiş olduklarını göstermiştir. Tuğla örnekler temel olarak kuvars, albit, anortit, muskovit ve hematit minerallerinden oluşmuştur. Fakat antik kentlerden toplanan bu tuğla örneklerin kimyasal kompozisyonlarının istatistiki olarak anlamlı farklılık taşıyor olması tuğlaların üretiminde yerel hammadde kaynaklarının kullanıldığını ortaya koymuştur. 

References

  • Ward-Perkins J.B., Roman Imperial Architecture, Yale University Press, New Haven&London, 1981.
  • Adam J.P., Roman Building Materials and Techniques (First published in 1937), Çeviri: Anthony Mathews, Routledge, Londra&New York, İngiltere&A.B.D., 2005.
  • Ward-Perkins J.B., Roman Imperial Architecture, Yale University Press, New Haven&London, 1981.
  • Schalenghe R., Barello F., Saiano F., Ferrara E., Fontaine C., Caner L., Olivetti E., Boni I., Petit S., Material sources of the Roman brick-making industry in the I and II Century A.D. from Regio IX, Regio XI and Alpes Cottiae, Quat. Int., 357, 189-206, 2015.
  • MacDonald W.L., The Architecture of the Roman Empire, Yale University Press, New Haven&London, 1965.
  • Finlay A.J., McComish J.M., Ottley C.J., Bates C.R., Selby D., Trace element fingerprinting of ceramic building material from Corpow and York Roman fortresses manufactured by the VI Legion, J. Archaeolog. Sci., 39, 2385-2391, 2012.
  • RILEM, Tests defining the structure, Mater. Constr., 13(75), 177-181, 1980.
  • Luxán M.P., Madruga F., Saavedra J., Rapid evaluation of pozzolanic activity of natural products of conductivity measurement, Cem. Concr. Res., 19, 63-68, 1989.
  • Stefanidou M., Papayianni I., Pachta V., Analysis and characterization of Roman and Byzantine fired bricks from Greece, Mater. Struct., 48, 2251-2260, 2015.
  • ASTM International, ASTM C67-07 Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay Tile, West Conshohocken, PA, 2007.
  • Cultrone G., Sebastián E., Elert K., De La Torre M.J., Cazalla O., Rodriguez-Navarro C., Influence of mineralogy and firing temperature on the porosity of bricks, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 24, 547-564, 2004.
  • Elert K., Cultrone G., Rodriguez-Navarro C., Pardo E.S., Durability of bricks used in the conservation of historic buildings - influence of composition and microstructure, J. Cult. Heritage, 4, 91-99, 2003.
  • Carratero M.I., Dondi M., Fabbri B., Raimondo M., The influence of shaping and firing technology on ceramic properties of calcareous and non-calcareous illitic-chloritic clays, Appl. Clay Sci., 20, 301-306, 2002.
  • He C., Osbaeck B., Makavicky E., Pozzolanic reactions of six principal clay minerals: activation, reactivity assessments and technological effects, Cem. Concr. Res., 25/8, 1691-1702, 1995.
  • Hopa D.Y., Özel E., Kaolen türünün sağlik gereçleri porselen bünyesinin piroplastik deformasyonu üzerine etkisi, Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 31(2), 313-322, 2016.
  • Rodrigues S.F.S., da Costa M.L., Pöllmann H., Kern D.C., da Silveira M.I., Kipnis R., Pre-historic production of ceramics in the Amazon: Provenience, raw materials, and firing temperatures, Appl. Clay Sci., 107, 145-155, 2015.
  • Cardiano P., Ioppolo S., De Stefano C., Pettignano A., Sergi S., Piraino P., Study and characterization of the ancient bricks of monastery of "San Filippo di Fragalá" in Frazzanò (Sicily), Anal. Chim. Acta, 519, 103-111, 2004.
  • Sujeong L., Kim Y.J., Moon H.S., Phase transformation sequence from kaolinite to mullite investigated by an energy-filtering transmission electron, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 10, 2841-2848, 1999.
  • Nirmala G., Viruthagiri G., FT-IR characterization of articulated ceramic bricks with wastes from ceramic industries, Spectrochim. Acta, Part A, 126, 129-134, 2016.
  • Tite M.S., Maniatis Y., Examination of ancient pottery using the scanning electron microscope, Nature, 257, 122-123, 1975.
  • Mommsen H., Provenance determination of pottery by trace element analysis: problems, solutions and applications, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 247(3), 657-662, 2001.
Year 2017, Volume: 32 Issue: 1, 0 - 0, 23.03.2017
https://doi.org/10.17341/gazimmfd.300612

Abstract

References

  • Ward-Perkins J.B., Roman Imperial Architecture, Yale University Press, New Haven&London, 1981.
  • Adam J.P., Roman Building Materials and Techniques (First published in 1937), Çeviri: Anthony Mathews, Routledge, Londra&New York, İngiltere&A.B.D., 2005.
  • Ward-Perkins J.B., Roman Imperial Architecture, Yale University Press, New Haven&London, 1981.
  • Schalenghe R., Barello F., Saiano F., Ferrara E., Fontaine C., Caner L., Olivetti E., Boni I., Petit S., Material sources of the Roman brick-making industry in the I and II Century A.D. from Regio IX, Regio XI and Alpes Cottiae, Quat. Int., 357, 189-206, 2015.
  • MacDonald W.L., The Architecture of the Roman Empire, Yale University Press, New Haven&London, 1965.
  • Finlay A.J., McComish J.M., Ottley C.J., Bates C.R., Selby D., Trace element fingerprinting of ceramic building material from Corpow and York Roman fortresses manufactured by the VI Legion, J. Archaeolog. Sci., 39, 2385-2391, 2012.
  • RILEM, Tests defining the structure, Mater. Constr., 13(75), 177-181, 1980.
  • Luxán M.P., Madruga F., Saavedra J., Rapid evaluation of pozzolanic activity of natural products of conductivity measurement, Cem. Concr. Res., 19, 63-68, 1989.
  • Stefanidou M., Papayianni I., Pachta V., Analysis and characterization of Roman and Byzantine fired bricks from Greece, Mater. Struct., 48, 2251-2260, 2015.
  • ASTM International, ASTM C67-07 Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay Tile, West Conshohocken, PA, 2007.
  • Cultrone G., Sebastián E., Elert K., De La Torre M.J., Cazalla O., Rodriguez-Navarro C., Influence of mineralogy and firing temperature on the porosity of bricks, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 24, 547-564, 2004.
  • Elert K., Cultrone G., Rodriguez-Navarro C., Pardo E.S., Durability of bricks used in the conservation of historic buildings - influence of composition and microstructure, J. Cult. Heritage, 4, 91-99, 2003.
  • Carratero M.I., Dondi M., Fabbri B., Raimondo M., The influence of shaping and firing technology on ceramic properties of calcareous and non-calcareous illitic-chloritic clays, Appl. Clay Sci., 20, 301-306, 2002.
  • He C., Osbaeck B., Makavicky E., Pozzolanic reactions of six principal clay minerals: activation, reactivity assessments and technological effects, Cem. Concr. Res., 25/8, 1691-1702, 1995.
  • Hopa D.Y., Özel E., Kaolen türünün sağlik gereçleri porselen bünyesinin piroplastik deformasyonu üzerine etkisi, Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 31(2), 313-322, 2016.
  • Rodrigues S.F.S., da Costa M.L., Pöllmann H., Kern D.C., da Silveira M.I., Kipnis R., Pre-historic production of ceramics in the Amazon: Provenience, raw materials, and firing temperatures, Appl. Clay Sci., 107, 145-155, 2015.
  • Cardiano P., Ioppolo S., De Stefano C., Pettignano A., Sergi S., Piraino P., Study and characterization of the ancient bricks of monastery of "San Filippo di Fragalá" in Frazzanò (Sicily), Anal. Chim. Acta, 519, 103-111, 2004.
  • Sujeong L., Kim Y.J., Moon H.S., Phase transformation sequence from kaolinite to mullite investigated by an energy-filtering transmission electron, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 10, 2841-2848, 1999.
  • Nirmala G., Viruthagiri G., FT-IR characterization of articulated ceramic bricks with wastes from ceramic industries, Spectrochim. Acta, Part A, 126, 129-134, 2016.
  • Tite M.S., Maniatis Y., Examination of ancient pottery using the scanning electron microscope, Nature, 257, 122-123, 1975.
  • Mommsen H., Provenance determination of pottery by trace element analysis: problems, solutions and applications, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 247(3), 657-662, 2001.
There are 21 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Elif Uğurlu Sağın

Publication Date March 23, 2017
Submission Date January 5, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 32 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Uğurlu Sağın, E. (2017). ANADOLU’DA ROMA DÖNEMİ YAPI TUĞLALARININ ÖZELLİKLERİ. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 32(1). https://doi.org/10.17341/gazimmfd.300612
AMA Uğurlu Sağın E. ANADOLU’DA ROMA DÖNEMİ YAPI TUĞLALARININ ÖZELLİKLERİ. GUMMFD. March 2017;32(1). doi:10.17341/gazimmfd.300612
Chicago Uğurlu Sağın, Elif. “ANADOLU’DA ROMA DÖNEMİ YAPI TUĞLALARININ ÖZELLİKLERİ”. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi 32, no. 1 (March 2017). https://doi.org/10.17341/gazimmfd.300612.
EndNote Uğurlu Sağın E (March 1, 2017) ANADOLU’DA ROMA DÖNEMİ YAPI TUĞLALARININ ÖZELLİKLERİ. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi 32 1
IEEE E. Uğurlu Sağın, “ANADOLU’DA ROMA DÖNEMİ YAPI TUĞLALARININ ÖZELLİKLERİ”, GUMMFD, vol. 32, no. 1, 2017, doi: 10.17341/gazimmfd.300612.
ISNAD Uğurlu Sağın, Elif. “ANADOLU’DA ROMA DÖNEMİ YAPI TUĞLALARININ ÖZELLİKLERİ”. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi 32/1 (March 2017). https://doi.org/10.17341/gazimmfd.300612.
JAMA Uğurlu Sağın E. ANADOLU’DA ROMA DÖNEMİ YAPI TUĞLALARININ ÖZELLİKLERİ. GUMMFD. 2017;32. doi:10.17341/gazimmfd.300612.
MLA Uğurlu Sağın, Elif. “ANADOLU’DA ROMA DÖNEMİ YAPI TUĞLALARININ ÖZELLİKLERİ”. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 32, no. 1, 2017, doi:10.17341/gazimmfd.300612.
Vancouver Uğurlu Sağın E. ANADOLU’DA ROMA DÖNEMİ YAPI TUĞLALARININ ÖZELLİKLERİ. GUMMFD. 2017;32(1).