PLAZMA DALDIRMA İYON İMPLANTASYONU VE BİRİKTİRME (PIII&D) PROSESİ GERİLİMLERİNİN AZOT PLAZMASINDA ORTOPEDİK İMPLANT MALZEMESİ Ti6Al4V YÜZEYİNDE OLUŞTURULAN Ag KAPLAMALARININ MORFOLOJİLERİNE, FAZ OLUŞUMLARINA ve E-Coli. ADEZYONUNA ETKİLERİ

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 32 Sayı: 1, 0 - 0, 23.03.2017

Gökçe Mehmet Gençer , Süleyman Karadeniz , Hasan Havıtçıoğlu Fatma Yurt Lambrecht Sermin Özkal , Hüseyin Baskın

https://doi.org/10.17341/gazimmfd.300614

Cited By: 2

Öz

     Gümüşün antimikrobiyal etkisini ve titanyum nitrürün mekanik ve kimyasal özelliklerini birleştirmek için, ortopedik implant malzemesi olarak kullanılan Ti6Al4V alaşımının yüzeyine N2 plazmasında plazma daldırma iyon implantasyonu ve biriktirme (PIII&D) yöntemi ile gümüş biriktirilmiştir. Kaplamalar, PIII&D prosesinin farklı negatif darbeli yüksek gerilim ve magnetron sıçratma gerilimi değerleri  kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Kaplamaların yüzey morfolojileri atomik kuvvet mikroskobu (AFM) ve kesit morfolojileri ise alan emisyonlu taramalı elektron mikroskobu (FE-SEM) kullanılarak tespit edilmiştir. Kaplamaların fazları ve kimyasal kompozisyonları sırasıyla X-ışını difraksiyonu (XRD) ve X-ışını fotoelektron spektroskopisi (XPS) kullanılarak tespit edilmiştir. Buna ek olarak, numunelerin yüzeyinden içeri Ag iyonlarının nüfuziyetini belirlemek için XPS derinlik profili (depth profile) analizi yapılmıştır. In-vitro biyouyumluluk deneylerinde numunelerin yüzeylerine 99mTc radyoizotopu ile işaretlenmiş E.coli (Escherichia coli) mikroorganizmasının adezyonu araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada, 8 kV'luk negatif darbeli gerilimin kullanıldığı deneylerle elde edilen kaplamalarda gümüşün dominant olduğu; bunun yanında, negatif darbeli yüksek gerilimin artmasıyla yüzeyde gümüş miktarının azaldığı gözlemlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Titanyum nitrür, Gümüş; Plazma daldırma iyon implantasyonu ve biriktirme (PIII&D); X-ışını fotoelektron spektroskopisi (XPS)

Kaynakça

• KAYNAKLAR (REFERENCES)
• Gür, A.K., Taşkın, M., "Metalik biyomalzemeler ve biyouyum", Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi Araştırmaları, 106-115, 2004.
• Liu, H., Xu, Q., Zhang, X., Wang, C., Tang, B., "Wear and corrosion behaviors of Ti6Al4V alloy biomedical materials by silver plasma immersion ion implantation process", Thin Solid Films, Cilt 521, 89-93, 2012.
• Jha, A. K., Singh, S. K., Kiranmayee, M. S., Sreekumar, K., Sinha, P. P., "Failure analysis of titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) fastener used in aerospace application", Engineering Failure Analysis, Cilt 17, 1457-1465, 2010.
• Arrazola, P.-J., Garay, A., Iriarte, L.-M., Armendia, M., Marya, S., Maitre, F. L., "Machinability of titanium alloys (Ti6Al4V and Ti555.3)", Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Cilt 209, 2223-2230, 2009.
• Zhecheva, A., Sha, W., Malinov, S., Long, A., "Enhancing the microstructure and properties of titanium alloys through nitriding and other surface engineering methods", Surface and Coatings Technology, Cilt 200, 2192-2207, 2005.
• Niinomi, M., "Mechanical biocompatibilies of titanium alloys for biomedical applications", Journal of The Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, Cilt 1, Sayı 1 30-42, 2008.
• Bosetti, M., Masse, A., Tobin, E., Cannas, M., "Silver coated materials for external fixation devices: in vitro biocompatibility and genotoxicity", Biomaterials, Cilt 23, 887-892, 2002.
• Arciola, C. R., Campoccia, D., Speziale, P., Montanaro, L., Costerton, J. W., "Biofilm formation in Staphylococcus implant infections. Areview of molecular mechanisms and implications for biofilm-resistant materials", Biomaterials, Cilt 33, Sayı 26, 5967-5982, 2012.
• Gristina, A.G., "Biomaterial-centered infection: microbial adhesion versus tissue integration", Science, Cilt 237, Sayı 4822, 1588–1595, 1987.
• Hasan, J., Crawford, R. J., Ivanova, E. P., "Antibacterial surfaces: the quest for a new generation of biomaterials", Trends in Biotechnology, Cilt 31, 295-304, 2013.
• Bazaka, K., Jacob, M. V., Crawford, R. J., Ivanova, E. P., "Efficient surface modification of biomaterial to prevent biofilm formation and the attachment of microorganisms", Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Cilt 95, 299-311, 2012.
• Sun, T., Wang, L., Yu, Y., Wang., Y, Wang, Xiaofeng, Tang, B., "TiN/ZrO2 multilayers synthesized on GCr15 bearing steel using plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition", Surface and Coatings Technology, Cilt 201, 6615-6618, 2007.
• Wood, B.P., Rej, D.J., Anders, A., Brown, I.G., Faehl, R.J., Malik, S.M., Munson, C.P., "Fundamentals of plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition", Handbook of Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation and Deposition, Editör: Anders, A., John Wiley&Sons, Canada, 243-302, 2000.
• House of Lords Science and Technology Committee, Nanotechnologies and Food, Volume II: Evidence, 1st Report of Session 2009–10, Authority of the House of Lords, London, 2010.
• Ajita, B., Ashok Kumar Reddy, Y., Sreedhara Reddy, P., "Enhanced antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles with controlled particle size by pH variation", Powder Technology, Cilt 269, 110-117, 2015.
• Elechiguerra, J.L., Burt, J.L., Morones, J.R., Camacho-Bragado, A., Gao, X., Lara, H.H., Yacaman, M.J., "Interaction of silver nanoparticles with HIV-1", Journal of Nanobiotechnology, Cilt 3, Sayı 6, 2005.
• Wu, Z.-J., He, L.-P., Chen, Z.-Z., "Fabrication and characterization of hydroxyapatite/Al2O3 biocomposite coating on titanium", Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, Cilt 16, Sayı 2, 259-266, 2006.
• Mattox, D. M.., The foundations of vacuum coating technology, New York: Noyes Publiations, 2003.
• Sonugelen, M., Destan, U.I., Lambrecht, F.Y., Öztürk, B., "Investigation of bacterial adherence to a non-precious alloy with radiolabeling method", Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, Cilt 267, Sayı 2, 397-400, 2006.
• Sonugelen, M., Destan, U.I., Lambrecht, F.Y., Oztürk, B., Karadeniz, S., "Microbial adherence to a nonprecious alloy after plasma nitriding process", International Journal of Prosthodontics, Cilt 19, Sayı 2, 202–204, 2006.
• Diniz, S.O.F., Resende, B.M., Nunan, E.A., Simal, C.J.R., Cardoso, V.N., "99mTechnetium labelled Escherichia coli", Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Cilt 51, Sayı 1, 33–36, 1999.
• Cheng, Y., Zheng, Y. F., "Effect of N2/Ar gas flow ratio on the deposition of TiN/Ti coatings on NiTi shape memory alloy by PIIID", Materials Letters, Cilt 60, 2243-2247, 2006.
• Sun, T., Wang, L.-P., Wang, M., Tong, H.-W., Lu, W.W., "PIIID-formed (Ti, O)/Ti, (Ti, N)/Ti and (Ti, O, N)/Ti coatings on NiTi shape memory alloys for medical applications", Materials Science and Engineering C, Cilt 32, 1469-1479, 2012.
• Galvanetto, E., Galliano, F.P., Borgioli, F., Bardi, U., Lavacchi, A., "XRD and XPS study on reactive plasma sprayed titanium-titanium nitride coatings", Thin Solid Films, Cilt 384, 223-229, 2001.
• Diserens, M., Patscheider, J., Levy, F., "Improving the properties of titanium nitride by incorporation of silicone", Surface and Coatings Technology, Cilt 108-109, 241-246, 1998.
• Bavadi, R., Valedbagi, S., "Physical properties of titanium nitride thin film prepared by DC magnetron sputtering", Materials Physics and Mechanics, Cilt 15, 167-172, 2012.
• Khan, M. A. M., Kumar, S., Ahamed, M., Alrokayan, S. A., Alsalhi, M. S., "Structural and thermal studies of silver nanoparticles and electrical transport study of their thin films", Nanoscale Research Letters, Cilt 6 (1): 434, 2011.
• Theivasanthi, T., Alagar, M., "Electrolytic synthesis and characterizations of silver nanopowder", Nano Biomedical Engineering, Cilt 4 (2), 58-65, 2012.
• Liu, C., Yang, X., Yuan, H., Zhou, Z., Xiao, D., "Preparation of silver nanoparticle and its application to the determination of ct-DNA", Sensors, Cilt 7 (5), 708-718, 2007.
• Ueda, M., Silva, M.M., Lepienski, C.M., Soares Jr., P.C., Gonçalves, J.A.N., Reuther, H., "High temperature plasma immersion ion implantation of Ti6Al4V", Surface and Coatings Technology, Cilt 201, 4953-4956, 2007.
• Zhao, Y., Guo, C., Yang, W., Chen, Y., Yu, B., "TiN films deposition inside stainless-steel tubes using magnetic field-enhanced arc ion plating" Vacuum, Cilt 112, 46-54, 2015.
• Cao, H., Cui, T., Jin, G., Liu, X., "Cellular responses to titanium successively treated by magnesium and silver PIII&D", Surface and Coatings Technology, Cilt 256, 9-14, 2014.
• Crist, B.V., Handbook of Monochromatic XPS Spectra, Vol. 1: The Elements and Native Oxides, California: XPS International LLC., 1999.
• Cheng, Y., Zheng, Y.F., "Surface characterization and mechanical property of TiN/Ti-coated NiTi alloy by PIIID", Surface and Coatings Technology, Cilt 201, 6889-6873, 2007.
• Bertoti, I., Mohai, M., Sullivan, J. L., Saied, S.O., "Surface characterisation of plasma-nitrided titanium: an XPS study", Applied Surface Science, Cilt 84, 357-371, 1995.
• Subramanian, B., Ananthakumar, R., Jayachandran, M., "Structural and tribological properties of DC reactive magnetron sputtered titanium/titanium nitride (Ti/TiN) multilayered coatings", Surface and Coatings Technology, Cilt 205, 3485-3492, 2011.
• Leng, Y.X., Chen, J.Y., Yang, P., Sun, H., Huang, N., "The microstructure and properties of titanium dioxide films synthesized by unbalanced magnetron sputtering", Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B, Cilt 257, 451-454, 2007.
• Kuroda, D., Niinomi, M., Morinaga, M., Kato, Y., Yashiro, T., " Design and mechanical properties of new β type titanium alloys for implant materials", Materials Science and Engineering: A, Cilt 243 (1-2), 244-249, 1998.