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Havacılık endüstrisinde yeni trend: Al-Li alaşımları

Year 2019, Volume: 34 Issue: 1, 275 - 296, 26.03.2019
https://doi.org/10.17341/gazimmfd.416490

Abstract

Al-Li alaşımları; düşük yoğunluk, yüksek elastisite modülü, mükemmel korozyon direnci, yüksek sertlik, yüksek yorulma çatlak büyüme direnci, düşük kırılma tokluğu ile havacılık endüstrisinin ilgi odağı haline gelmiştir. Alaşımların uçakların çeşitli yapısal parçalarında kullanımı devam ederken, ileride de kullanılması planlanan parçalar da mevcuttur. Her malzemede olduğu gibi bu alaşımlarda da çeşitli problemlerlerle karşılaşılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Al‑Li alaşımlarının havacılık alanında kullanımı, karşılaşılan problemler ve çözüm önerileri incelenmiştir.

References

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  • Tang Z.T., Yu T., Xu L.Q.Liu Z.Q., Machining deformation prediction for frame components considering multifactor coupling effects. Int J Adv Manuf Technol, 68(1-4): p. 187-196, 2013.
  • Williams J.C. ve Starke Jr E.A., Progress in structural materials for aerospace systems1. 51(19): p. 5775-5799, 2003.
  • Prasad N.E., Gokhale A.Wanhill R.J.H., Aluminum-Lithium Alloys: Processing, Properties, and Applications. Butterworth-Heinemann, 2013.
  • Prasad N.E. ve Wanhill R., Aerospace Materials and Material Technologies: Volume 1: Aerospace Materials. Springer, 2016.
  • Ekvall J., Rhodes J.Wald G., Methodology for evaluating weight savings from basic material properties, in Design of Fatigue and Fracture Resistant Structures, STP28867S, Editör: Abelkis P. ve Hudson C., ASTM International: West Conshohocken, PA. p. 328-341, 1982.
  • Airbus, A380 specifications. Available from: http://www.airbus.com/aircraftfamilies/passengeraircraft/a380family/innovation/, Yayın tarihi 2016. Güncellenme tarihi 2016. Erişim tarihi 06.06.2017.
  • Bejan A., Charles J.Lorente S., The evolution of airplanes. 116(4): p. 044901, 2014.
  • Media A.M., Production ramps up for Aluminum-Lithium Alloys. Available from: http://advancedmanufacturing.org/production-ramps-aluminum-lithium-alloys/, Yayın tarihi 2015. Güncellenme tarihi 2015. Erişim tarihi 06.06.2017.
  • Engineering S., Al-Li alloys. Available from: http://www.smw.com/en/projects/view/7/AlLi-alloys.html, Yayın tarihi 2017. Güncellenme tarihi 2017. Erişim tarihi 06.06.2017.
  • Wilkins T., Sea Harrier FRS.1 vs. Yak-38 ‘Forger’. Available from: https://defenceoftherealm.wordpress.com/2014/07/07/sea-harrier-frs-1-vs-yak-38-forger/, Yayın tarihi 2015. Güncellenme tarihi 2016. Erişim tarihi 06.06.2016.
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  • Wikipedia, Mil Mi-26. Available from: https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mil_Mi-26, Yayın tarihi 2012. Güncellenme tarihi 2012. Erişim tarihi 06.06.2016.
  • Wikipedia, Sukhoi Su-27. Available from: https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-27, Yayın tarihi 2012. Güncellenme tarihi 2012. Erişim tarihi 06.06.2016.
  • Militarypower, MIG-29 FULCRUM, RUSSIA Available from: http://www.militarypower.com.br/english-frame4-mig29.htm, Yayın tarihi 2014. Güncellenme tarihi 2014. Erişim tarihi 06.06.2017.
  • Pinterest, Beriev Be-200 Sea Plane. Available from: https://tr.pinterest.com/demetrisplastou/beriev-be-200-sea-plane/, Yayın tarihi 2012. Güncellenme tarihi 2012. Erişim tarihi 06.06.2017.
  • Wikipedia, North American A-5 Vigilante. Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_American_A-5_Vigilante, Yayın tarihi 2017. Güncellenme tarihi 2017. Erişim tarihi 06.06.2016.
  • Tsang D., Boeing chooses largest wingspan for 777X. Available from: http://www.aspireaviation.com/2012/07/26/boeing-chooses-largest-wingspan-for-777x/, Yayın tarihi 2017. Güncellenme tarihi 2017. Erişim tarihi 06.06.2017.
  • Alcoa, Alcoa technology. Available from: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/4281/000119312513288275/d566884dex992.htm, Yayın tarihi 2016. Güncellenme tarihi 2016. Erişim tarihi 06.06.2017.
  • Jarrault O., Advanced each generation. in Cowen and Company's 34 th annual aerospace/ Defense Conference. 2013.
  • Peters M. ve Leyens C., Aerospace and space materials. 3: p. 1-11, 2009.
  • Prasad N.E., Gokhale A.Rao P.R., Mechanical behaviour of aluminium-lithium alloys. 28(1-2): p. 209-246, 2003.
  • Lynch S., Shekhter A., Moutsos S.Winkelman G., Challenges in developing high performance Al-Li alloys. in The 3rd international conference on light materials for transportation systems, LiMAT-2003, Honolulu, HI. 2003.
  • Rioja R.J. ve Liu J., The evolution of Al-Li base products for aerospace and space applications. 43(9): p. 3325-3337, 2012.
  • Kobayashi K., Ohsaki S., Kamio A., Sato T.Tsuji Y., Effect of Zn addition on corrosion resistance of 2090 and 2091 alloys. 2: p. 673-678, 1992.
  • Cantor B., Assender H.Grant P., Aerospace materials. CRC Press, 2015.
  • Merati A., Materials replacement for aging aircraft. p. 24-1, 2011.
  • Smith A.F., Uses and properties of Al-Li on the new EH101 helicopter. “New Light Alloys". in AGARD Conference Proceedings No. 444. Neuilly-sur-Seine, France: Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development, 1984.
  • Mouritz A.P., Introduction to aerospace materials. Elsevier, 2012.
  • Worldwide-Military, EH-101 Utility (United-Kingdom, Italy). Available from: http://www.worldwide-military.com/Military%20Heli's/Middel-grootte%20helikopters/EH101_general_info_english.htm, Yayın tarihi 2015. Güncellenme tarihi 2015. Erişim tarihi 06.06.2017.
  • Babel H., Al-Li in Boeing products. in 16th annual Aeromat advanced aerospace materials and processes conference and exposition, Aeromat. 2005.
  • Yuwei X., Yiyuan Z., Wenfeng M.Jainzhong C., Superplastic forming technology of aircraft structures for Al–Li alloy and high-strength Al alloy. 72(2): p. 183-187, 1997.
  • Comac, Sample of Al-Li Alloy barrel section of the fuselage for C919. Available from: http://english.comac.cc/news/latest/201409/03/t20140903_1895735.shtml, Yayın tarihi 2016. Güncellenme tarihi 2016. Erişim tarihi 06.06.2017.
  • Perrett B., C919 May Be Largely Limited To Chinese Market. Available from: http://aviationweek.com/awin/c919-may-be-largely-limited-chinese-market, Yayın tarihi 2013. Güncellenme tarihi 2013. Erişim tarihi 06.06.2017.
  • Starke E., Sanders T.Palmer I., New approaches to alloy development in the Al-Li system. 33(8): p. 24-33, 1981.
  • University S., H491 MEng Aeronautics & Astronautics / Airvehicle Systems Design lecture notes. Engineering and the Environment. p. 10-15, 2017.
  • Missori S. ve Sili A., Mechanical and microstructural properties of 8090 AL-LI alloy welded joints. 20(2), 2013.
  • Han B., Tao W.Chen Y., New technique of skin embedded wire double-sided laser beam welding. 91: p. 185-192, 2017.
  • Han B., Tao W., Chen Y.Li H., Double-sided laser beam welded T-joints for aluminum-lithium alloy aircraft fuselage panels: Effects of filler elements on microstructure and mechanical properties. 93: p. 99-108, 2017.
  • Magnusen P., Mooy D., Yocum L.Rioja R., Development of high toughness sheet and extruded products for airplane fuselage structures. in ICAA13: 13th International Conference on Aluminum Alloys. Wiley Online Library, 2012.
  • Engineering A., A Brief History of Aircraft Structures. Available from: http://aerospaceengineeringblog.com/aircraft-structures/, Yayın tarihi 2015. Güncellenme tarihi 2015. Erişim tarihi 06.06.2017.
  • James M., Cessna 310K Internal Structure. Available from: http://www.mikejamesmedia.com/cessna_310k_07.html, Yayın tarihi 2016. Güncellenme tarihi 2016. Erişim tarihi 06.06.2017.
  • Denzer D., Rioja R., Bray G., Venema G.Colvin E., The evolution of plate and extruded products with high strength and fracture toughness. in ICAA13: 13th International Conference on Aluminum Alloys. Wiley Online Library, 2012.
  • Karabin L., Bray G., Rioja R.Venema G., Al–Li–Cu–Mg–(Ag) products for lower wing skin applications,[in] ICAA13: 13th International Conference on Aluminum Alloys. Pennsylvania, 2012.
  • Lequeu P., Advances in Aerospace Aluminum-Summaries of presentations by Alcan Aerospace personnel during ASM's AeroMat 2007 Conference. Al-Li alloys are highlighted. 166(2): p. 47, 2008.
  • Lequeu P., Smith K.Daniélou A., Aluminum-copper-lithium alloy 2050 developed for medium to thick plate. 19(6): p. 841-847, 2010.
  • Hu L., Zhan L., Shen R., Liu Z., Ma Z., Liu J.Yang Y., Effects of uniaxial creep ageing on the mechanical properties and micro precipitates of Al-Li-S4 alloy. 688: p. 272-279, 2017.
  • Chen A., Zhang L., Wu G., Sun M.Liu W., Influences of Mn content on the microstructures and mechanical properties of cast Al-3Li-2Cu-0.2Zr alloy. 715: p. 421-431, 2017.
  • Ning J., Zhang L.J., Bai Q.L., Yin X.Q., Niu J.Zhang J.X., Comparison of the microstructure and mechanical performance of 2A97 Al-Li alloy joints between autogenous and non-autogenous laser welding. 120: p. 144-156, 2017.
Year 2019, Volume: 34 Issue: 1, 275 - 296, 26.03.2019
https://doi.org/10.17341/gazimmfd.416490

Abstract

References

  • Kanematsu H. ve Barry D.M., Amazing airplanes, in Intelligent Systems Reference Library. Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. p. 65-73, 2016.
  • Tang Z.T., Yu T., Xu L.Q.Liu Z.Q., Machining deformation prediction for frame components considering multifactor coupling effects. Int J Adv Manuf Technol, 68(1-4): p. 187-196, 2013.
  • Williams J.C. ve Starke Jr E.A., Progress in structural materials for aerospace systems1. 51(19): p. 5775-5799, 2003.
  • Prasad N.E., Gokhale A.Wanhill R.J.H., Aluminum-Lithium Alloys: Processing, Properties, and Applications. Butterworth-Heinemann, 2013.
  • Prasad N.E. ve Wanhill R., Aerospace Materials and Material Technologies: Volume 1: Aerospace Materials. Springer, 2016.
  • Ekvall J., Rhodes J.Wald G., Methodology for evaluating weight savings from basic material properties, in Design of Fatigue and Fracture Resistant Structures, STP28867S, Editör: Abelkis P. ve Hudson C., ASTM International: West Conshohocken, PA. p. 328-341, 1982.
  • Airbus, A380 specifications. Available from: http://www.airbus.com/aircraftfamilies/passengeraircraft/a380family/innovation/, Yayın tarihi 2016. Güncellenme tarihi 2016. Erişim tarihi 06.06.2017.
  • Bejan A., Charles J.Lorente S., The evolution of airplanes. 116(4): p. 044901, 2014.
  • Media A.M., Production ramps up for Aluminum-Lithium Alloys. Available from: http://advancedmanufacturing.org/production-ramps-aluminum-lithium-alloys/, Yayın tarihi 2015. Güncellenme tarihi 2015. Erişim tarihi 06.06.2017.
  • Engineering S., Al-Li alloys. Available from: http://www.smw.com/en/projects/view/7/AlLi-alloys.html, Yayın tarihi 2017. Güncellenme tarihi 2017. Erişim tarihi 06.06.2017.
  • Wilkins T., Sea Harrier FRS.1 vs. Yak-38 ‘Forger’. Available from: https://defenceoftherealm.wordpress.com/2014/07/07/sea-harrier-frs-1-vs-yak-38-forger/, Yayın tarihi 2015. Güncellenme tarihi 2016. Erişim tarihi 06.06.2016.
  • Wikipedia, Yakovlev Yak-42. Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakovlev_Yak-42, Yayın tarihi 2000. Güncellenme tarihi 2014. Erişim tarihi 06.06.2016.
  • Wikipedia, Tupolev Tu-204. Available from: https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-204, Yayın tarihi 2007. Güncellenme tarihi 2013. Erişim tarihi 06.06.2016.
  • Wikipedia, Mil Mi-26. Available from: https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mil_Mi-26, Yayın tarihi 2012. Güncellenme tarihi 2012. Erişim tarihi 06.06.2016.
  • Wikipedia, Sukhoi Su-27. Available from: https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-27, Yayın tarihi 2012. Güncellenme tarihi 2012. Erişim tarihi 06.06.2016.
  • Militarypower, MIG-29 FULCRUM, RUSSIA Available from: http://www.militarypower.com.br/english-frame4-mig29.htm, Yayın tarihi 2014. Güncellenme tarihi 2014. Erişim tarihi 06.06.2017.
  • Pinterest, Beriev Be-200 Sea Plane. Available from: https://tr.pinterest.com/demetrisplastou/beriev-be-200-sea-plane/, Yayın tarihi 2012. Güncellenme tarihi 2012. Erişim tarihi 06.06.2017.
  • Wikipedia, North American A-5 Vigilante. Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_American_A-5_Vigilante, Yayın tarihi 2017. Güncellenme tarihi 2017. Erişim tarihi 06.06.2016.
  • Tsang D., Boeing chooses largest wingspan for 777X. Available from: http://www.aspireaviation.com/2012/07/26/boeing-chooses-largest-wingspan-for-777x/, Yayın tarihi 2017. Güncellenme tarihi 2017. Erişim tarihi 06.06.2017.
  • Alcoa, Alcoa technology. Available from: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/4281/000119312513288275/d566884dex992.htm, Yayın tarihi 2016. Güncellenme tarihi 2016. Erişim tarihi 06.06.2017.
  • Jarrault O., Advanced each generation. in Cowen and Company's 34 th annual aerospace/ Defense Conference. 2013.
  • Peters M. ve Leyens C., Aerospace and space materials. 3: p. 1-11, 2009.
  • Prasad N.E., Gokhale A.Rao P.R., Mechanical behaviour of aluminium-lithium alloys. 28(1-2): p. 209-246, 2003.
  • Lynch S., Shekhter A., Moutsos S.Winkelman G., Challenges in developing high performance Al-Li alloys. in The 3rd international conference on light materials for transportation systems, LiMAT-2003, Honolulu, HI. 2003.
  • Rioja R.J. ve Liu J., The evolution of Al-Li base products for aerospace and space applications. 43(9): p. 3325-3337, 2012.
  • Kobayashi K., Ohsaki S., Kamio A., Sato T.Tsuji Y., Effect of Zn addition on corrosion resistance of 2090 and 2091 alloys. 2: p. 673-678, 1992.
  • Cantor B., Assender H.Grant P., Aerospace materials. CRC Press, 2015.
  • Merati A., Materials replacement for aging aircraft. p. 24-1, 2011.
  • Smith A.F., Uses and properties of Al-Li on the new EH101 helicopter. “New Light Alloys". in AGARD Conference Proceedings No. 444. Neuilly-sur-Seine, France: Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development, 1984.
  • Mouritz A.P., Introduction to aerospace materials. Elsevier, 2012.
  • Worldwide-Military, EH-101 Utility (United-Kingdom, Italy). Available from: http://www.worldwide-military.com/Military%20Heli's/Middel-grootte%20helikopters/EH101_general_info_english.htm, Yayın tarihi 2015. Güncellenme tarihi 2015. Erişim tarihi 06.06.2017.
  • Babel H., Al-Li in Boeing products. in 16th annual Aeromat advanced aerospace materials and processes conference and exposition, Aeromat. 2005.
  • Yuwei X., Yiyuan Z., Wenfeng M.Jainzhong C., Superplastic forming technology of aircraft structures for Al–Li alloy and high-strength Al alloy. 72(2): p. 183-187, 1997.
  • Comac, Sample of Al-Li Alloy barrel section of the fuselage for C919. Available from: http://english.comac.cc/news/latest/201409/03/t20140903_1895735.shtml, Yayın tarihi 2016. Güncellenme tarihi 2016. Erişim tarihi 06.06.2017.
  • Perrett B., C919 May Be Largely Limited To Chinese Market. Available from: http://aviationweek.com/awin/c919-may-be-largely-limited-chinese-market, Yayın tarihi 2013. Güncellenme tarihi 2013. Erişim tarihi 06.06.2017.
  • Starke E., Sanders T.Palmer I., New approaches to alloy development in the Al-Li system. 33(8): p. 24-33, 1981.
  • University S., H491 MEng Aeronautics & Astronautics / Airvehicle Systems Design lecture notes. Engineering and the Environment. p. 10-15, 2017.
  • Missori S. ve Sili A., Mechanical and microstructural properties of 8090 AL-LI alloy welded joints. 20(2), 2013.
  • Han B., Tao W.Chen Y., New technique of skin embedded wire double-sided laser beam welding. 91: p. 185-192, 2017.
  • Han B., Tao W., Chen Y.Li H., Double-sided laser beam welded T-joints for aluminum-lithium alloy aircraft fuselage panels: Effects of filler elements on microstructure and mechanical properties. 93: p. 99-108, 2017.
  • Magnusen P., Mooy D., Yocum L.Rioja R., Development of high toughness sheet and extruded products for airplane fuselage structures. in ICAA13: 13th International Conference on Aluminum Alloys. Wiley Online Library, 2012.
  • Engineering A., A Brief History of Aircraft Structures. Available from: http://aerospaceengineeringblog.com/aircraft-structures/, Yayın tarihi 2015. Güncellenme tarihi 2015. Erişim tarihi 06.06.2017.
  • James M., Cessna 310K Internal Structure. Available from: http://www.mikejamesmedia.com/cessna_310k_07.html, Yayın tarihi 2016. Güncellenme tarihi 2016. Erişim tarihi 06.06.2017.
  • Denzer D., Rioja R., Bray G., Venema G.Colvin E., The evolution of plate and extruded products with high strength and fracture toughness. in ICAA13: 13th International Conference on Aluminum Alloys. Wiley Online Library, 2012.
  • Karabin L., Bray G., Rioja R.Venema G., Al–Li–Cu–Mg–(Ag) products for lower wing skin applications,[in] ICAA13: 13th International Conference on Aluminum Alloys. Pennsylvania, 2012.
  • Lequeu P., Advances in Aerospace Aluminum-Summaries of presentations by Alcan Aerospace personnel during ASM's AeroMat 2007 Conference. Al-Li alloys are highlighted. 166(2): p. 47, 2008.
  • Lequeu P., Smith K.Daniélou A., Aluminum-copper-lithium alloy 2050 developed for medium to thick plate. 19(6): p. 841-847, 2010.
  • Hu L., Zhan L., Shen R., Liu Z., Ma Z., Liu J.Yang Y., Effects of uniaxial creep ageing on the mechanical properties and micro precipitates of Al-Li-S4 alloy. 688: p. 272-279, 2017.
  • Chen A., Zhang L., Wu G., Sun M.Liu W., Influences of Mn content on the microstructures and mechanical properties of cast Al-3Li-2Cu-0.2Zr alloy. 715: p. 421-431, 2017.
  • Ning J., Zhang L.J., Bai Q.L., Yin X.Q., Niu J.Zhang J.X., Comparison of the microstructure and mechanical performance of 2A97 Al-Li alloy joints between autogenous and non-autogenous laser welding. 120: p. 144-156, 2017.
There are 50 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Süleyman Kılıç 0000-0002-1681-9403

İlyas Kacar 0000-0002-5887-8807

Fahrettin Öztürk 0000-0001-9517-7957

Publication Date March 26, 2019
Submission Date June 12, 2017
Acceptance Date October 17, 17
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 34 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Kılıç, S., Kacar, İ., & Öztürk, F. (2019). Havacılık endüstrisinde yeni trend: Al-Li alaşımları. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 34(1), 275-296. https://doi.org/10.17341/gazimmfd.416490
AMA Kılıç S, Kacar İ, Öztürk F. Havacılık endüstrisinde yeni trend: Al-Li alaşımları. GUMMFD. March 2019;34(1):275-296. doi:10.17341/gazimmfd.416490
Chicago Kılıç, Süleyman, İlyas Kacar, and Fahrettin Öztürk. “Havacılık endüstrisinde Yeni Trend: Al-Li alaşımları”. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi 34, no. 1 (March 2019): 275-96. https://doi.org/10.17341/gazimmfd.416490.
EndNote Kılıç S, Kacar İ, Öztürk F (March 1, 2019) Havacılık endüstrisinde yeni trend: Al-Li alaşımları. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi 34 1 275–296.
IEEE S. Kılıç, İ. Kacar, and F. Öztürk, “Havacılık endüstrisinde yeni trend: Al-Li alaşımları”, GUMMFD, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 275–296, 2019, doi: 10.17341/gazimmfd.416490.
ISNAD Kılıç, Süleyman et al. “Havacılık endüstrisinde Yeni Trend: Al-Li alaşımları”. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi 34/1 (March 2019), 275-296. https://doi.org/10.17341/gazimmfd.416490.
JAMA Kılıç S, Kacar İ, Öztürk F. Havacılık endüstrisinde yeni trend: Al-Li alaşımları. GUMMFD. 2019;34:275–296.
MLA Kılıç, Süleyman et al. “Havacılık endüstrisinde Yeni Trend: Al-Li alaşımları”. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 34, no. 1, 2019, pp. 275-96, doi:10.17341/gazimmfd.416490.
Vancouver Kılıç S, Kacar İ, Öztürk F. Havacılık endüstrisinde yeni trend: Al-Li alaşımları. GUMMFD. 2019;34(1):275-96.