Geliştirilmiş mikrodalga sisteminin elastik poliüretan köpüğünün geri dönüşümüne etkisi

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 35 Sayı: 2, 651 - 662, 25.12.2019

Basak Temur Ergan

https://doi.org/10.17341/gazimmfd.502413

Cited By: 1

Öz

Esnek Poliüretan (PU) köpüğünün, eş zamanlı soğutulan
sürekli mikrodalga (MW) ortamında dietilenglikol (DEG) ile glikolizinin (geri
dönüşümünün) incelendiği bu çalışmada, katalizör olarak kalay oktaat
kullanıldı. Daha sonra, reaksiyon ortamını tanımlayan değişkenler (PU/DEG oranı
ve % kalay oktaat) ve proses değişkenleri ( sıcaklık(T), zaman(t), MW gücü (P)
ile bu değişkenlerin çalışma aralıkları belirlendi. Bu beş değişken ile ilgili
literatürler incelenerek ve kurulan MW sistemindeki çalışabilme koşulları
düşünülerek PU/DEG oranı (0,1) ve T (189°C) değişkenleri sabit alındı. Diğer üç
değişkenin (P, t, % kalay oktaat) poliol verimi ve MW enerji tüketimi üzerinde
olan etkileri araştırıldı.  Çalışmada
minimum enerji harcayarak maksimum poliol verimi için optimum proses şartları
belirlendi. Daha sonra belirlenen bu optimum şartlarda yapılan deneme, birebir
aynı şartlarda geleneksel yöntemle (CH) tekrar edilerek, MW’nin etkisi
karşılaştırmalı olarak incelendi. Buna göre MW-destekli glikoliz reaksiyonunda, aynı süre içinde
poliol veriminin, CH yöntemine göre % 46,6 daha fazla olduğu bulundu. Buna ek
olarak, MW metot ile % 78 oranında enerji tasarrufu sağlanırken, poliol üretim
hızı da %46,7 oranında artmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Gelişmiş mikrodalga sistem, eş zamanlı soğutma, poliüretan, glikoliz

Kaynakça

• Weigand, E., Rabhofer,W. “Present state of polyurethane recycling in Europe”, Recycle Polyurethanes.1-32,1999.
• Simon, D., Garcia, M.T., Lucas, A., Borreguero, A.M., Rodriguez, J.F. “Glycolysis of flexible polyurethane wastes using stannous octoate as the catalyst: Study on the influence of reaction parameters”, Polymer Degradation and Stability, 98,144-149,2013.
• Simon, D., Borreguero, A.M.,. Lucas, A., Rodriguez, J.F. “Glycolysis of flexible polyurethane wastes containing polymeric polyols" Polymer Degradation and Stability,109,115-121,2014.
• Simon, D., Borreguero, A.M.,. Lucas, A., Rodriguez, J.F. “Glycolysis of viscoelastic flexible polyurethane foam wastes” Polymer Degradation and Stability, 116, 23-35, 2015.
• Kappe, C.O. “Microwave dielectric heating in synthetic organic chemistry”, Chem. Soc. Rev.,37,1127-1139, 2008.
• Clark, D.E., Folz, D.C., West, J.K. “Processing materials with microwave energy”, Mater. Sci. Eng., A.,287 2,153-158,2000.
• Nikje, M.M.A., Nikrah, M., Haghshenas, M. “Microwave Assisted "Split-phase" Glycolysis of Polyurethane Flexible Foam Wastes”, Polymer Bulletin, 59, 91–104,2007.
• Nikje, M.M.A., Haji,F., Mohammadi, A. “Polyurethane Foam Wastes Recycling under Microwave Irradiation”, Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering,49,8,818-820,2010.
• Hayes, B. L., “Recent Advances in Microwave Assisted Synthesis”, Aldrichimica Acta,37, 2, 66-76,2004.
• Hayes, B. L., Collins M. J.,World Patent WO, 04002617,2004.
• Horikoshi , S., Matsuzaki , S., Mitani,T., Serpone,N., “Microwave frequency effects on dielectric properties of some common solvents and on microwave-assisted syntheses: 2-Allylphenol and the C12–C2–C12 Gemini surfactant”, Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 81,1885-1895,2012.
• Bizzi, C.A., Nobrega, J.A., Barin, J.S., Oliveira, J.S., Schmidt, L., Mello, P.A., Flores, E.M.M. “Effect of simultaneous cooling on microwave-assisted wet digestion of biological samples with diluted nitric acid and O2 pressure”, Analytica Chimica Acta, 837, 16-22, 2014.
• Chen, J.J., Deshpande, S.V. “Rapid synthesis of α-ketoamides using microwave irradiation–simultaneous cooling method”, Tetrahedron Lett. 44, 8873-8876, 2003.
• Idris, A., Bukhari, A., Yusof, N.M.,Tan, K. G. “A simultaneous cooling and dielectric heating: an advanced technology to improve the yield of lactides” Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium Proceedings, Kl, Malaysıa, March 27-30, 2012.
• Katritzky, A.R., Zhang, Y., Singh, S.K., Steel P.J. “1,3-Dipolar cycloadditions of organic azides to ester or benzotriazolylcarbonyl activated acetylenic amides”, Arkivoc Online, (xv),47-64,2003.
• Humphrey, C.E., Easson, M. A. M., Tierney, J.P., Turner, N.J. “Solid supported cyclohexane-1, 3- dione (CHD): A capture and release reagent for the synthesis of amides and novel scavenger resin”, Org. Lett., 5,849–852,2003.
• Ergan, B.T., Bayramoğlu, M., Sahin,E. “Regio selective nitration of phenol under continuous microwave irradiation”. J. Microwave Power EE.,51, 4, 314-324,2017.
• Ergan, B.T., Bayramoğlu, M., “Kinetic approach for investigating the “microwave effect”: decomposition of aqueous potassium persulfate”,Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.,50,6629-6637,2011.
• Ergan, B.T., Bayramoğlu, M. “The effects of microwave power and dielectric properties on the microwave-assisted decomposition kinetics of AIBN in n-butanol”, J. Ind.Eng.Chem.,19, 299-304, 2013.
• Ergan, B.T., Bayramoğlu, M. “Investigation of the microwave effect: a new approach for the solvent effect on the microwave-assisted decomposition reaction of 2,2′-Azobis(isobutyronitrile)”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.,53, 13016-13022,2014.
• Ergan, B.T., Bayramoğlu, M., Özcan, S., “Emulsion polymerization of styrene under continuous microwave irradiation”. Eur. Polym. J. 69,374-384,2015.
• Ergan, B.T., Bayramoğlu, M. “Poly (l-lactic acid) synthesis using continuous microwave irradiation–simultaneous cooling method”, Chemical Engineering Communications, 205,12,1665-1677,2018.
• Household Microwave Ovens-Methods for Measuring Performance. International Electrotechnical Commission, Standard Nr.60705, 2006.
• Swain, M.J., Ferron, S., Coelho, A. I. P., Swain, M. V. L. “Effect of continuous (intermittent) use on the power output of domestic microwave ovens”, International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 41, 652-656, 2006.
• Soltysiak,M., Erle, U., Celuch, M.“Load curve estimation for microwave ovens: experiments and electromagnetic modelling”, 17th International Conference on Microwaves, Radar and Wireless Communications MIKON, Wroclaw, May, 873-876. 2008.
• Wu, C-H., Chang, C-Y., Cheng, C-M., Huang, H-C. “Glycolysis of waste flexible polyurethane foam Polymer” Degradation and Stability, 80,103–111,2003.
• Correas,T.C., Ugarte, L., Trzebiatowska, P.J., Sanzberro, R., Datta, J., Corcuera, M.A., Eceiza, A. “Thermoplastic polyurethanes with glycolysate intermediates from polyurethane waste recycling Polymer” Degradation and Stability,144, 411-419,2017.
• Molero,C., De Lucas, A., Rodriguez J.F.“Glycolysis of flexible polyurethane wastes using stannous octoate as the catalyst” J Mater Cycles Waste Manag.11,130-132,2009.
• Molero,C., De Lucas, A., Rodriguez J.F, “Activities of octoate salts as novel catalysts for the transesterification of flexible polyurethane foams with diethylene glycol” Polymer Degradation and Stability,94, 533–539,2009.